Submandibular duct transposition for drooling in children: A Casuistic review and evaluation of grade of satisfaction.

INTRODUCTION: Drooling of saliva is the unintentional loss of saliva from the mouth resulting in excess pooling of saliva in the anterior portion of the oral cavity. It is considered normal in infants and usually resolves itself by 15-18 months of age. It is a common problem in pediatric patients with cerebral palsy or other neurological disorders. Drooling interferes with speech, impairs oral hygiene and contributes to oral dermatitis, aspiration pneumonias and fluid electrolyte imbalances. It has a profoundly negative impact on quality of life and contributes to social exclusion, self-esteem problems and significant discomfort, especially amongst school-aged children. In addition, it can present a serious challenge for caregivers. Various approaches to manage this condition have been described in the literature. Submandibular duct relocation allows salivary flow and is the surgical approach undertaken by the authors. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to share our experience with the surgical approach to drooling children and to evaluate clinical outcomes and long-term caregiver satisfaction outcomes. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective study with a review of the medical records of 43 children and adolescents who had been submitted to submandibular duct relocation in the Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu, between January 2003 and December 2017. The authors analyzed the clinical history, bibs used per day before and after surgery, and caregivers' satisfaction was assessed by interview using a questionnaire. The results of this procedure, technical considerations and outcomes are presented in this work. RESULTS: Forty-three patients (15 girls and 28 boys), between the ages of 3 and 18 at time of surgery (mean age of 9), underwent bilateral submandibular duct transposition for drooling. All children have neurological disorders, with cerebral palsy being the predominant diagnosis. The majority were hospitalized for 1-2 days and no surgical complications were observed. The number of bib or clothing changes fell from more than ten in 23 patients (53%) pre-operatively to less than five in 33 patients (77%) post-operatively. 30% of caregivers were satisfied and 53% were very satisfied with the results of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that submandibular duct relocation is an effective method in the resolution of uncontrolled drooling in children, contributing to the improvement of children's quality of life. The degree of satisfaction with the surgical results is in agreement with the published international studies, proving once again the effectiveness of the surgical technique implemented in our Hospital.

Intellectual and school performance evaluation of children submitted to tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy before and after surgery.

UNLABELLED: Several studies have demonstrated the impact of obstructive sleep disorders on the quality of life of children. However, few studies address school and intellectual performances of children who have undergone tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy, indicating the benefits of these surgeries. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the learning and intellectual performances of children submitted to tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy, before and after surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 83 children between the ages of 7 and 11 were evaluated by a psychologist employing a longitudinal and descriptive study in the pre and post-surgery groups. The first evaluation was performed just before surgery, and the second and third evaluations one and six months after the surgical procedure. The social-demographic form, Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices Test and the School Performance Test were used. RESULTS: The group of children in this study presented a statistically significant evolution in their intellectual performance evaluations (p < 0.05) and also school performance evaluations in writing, mathematics and reading sub-tests (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Based on our findings we concluded that tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy performed in children with obstructive respiratory disorders produce a positive impact on intellectual and school learning development.

Avaliação do desempenho intelectual e escolar de crianças submetidas à tonsilectomia e adenoamigdalectomia no pré e pós-operatório / Intellectual and school performance evaluation of children submitted to tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy before and after surgery

Vários estudos demonstram o impacto dos distúrbios obstrutivos do sono na qualidade de vida de crianças. No entanto, poucos tratam do desempenho escolar e intelectual em crianças que passaram por tonsilectomia ou adenoamigdalectomia, indicando benefícios destas cirurgias. OBJETIVO: Avaliar e comparar o desempenho intelectual e de aprendizado de crianças submetidas a cirurgias de tonsilectomia ou adenoamigdalectomia no pré e pós-operatório. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Por meio de um estudo longitudinal e descritivo, 83 crianças entre 7 e 11 anos foram avaliadas pela Psicologia no pré e pós-operatório. A primeira avaliação ocorreu antes da cirurgia, a segunda e a terceira avaliações ocorreram com um e seis meses após esta. Foram utilizados Ficha Sociodemográfica, Teste das Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven e o Teste de Desempenho Escolar. RESULTADOS: O grupo de crianças do estudo apresentou evolução estatisticamente significante nas avaliações de desempenho intelectual (p < 0,05) e também nas avaliações de desempenho escolar nos subtestes escrita, aritmética e leitura (p < 0,001) ao longo do tempo. CONCLUSÃO: Baseados em nossas descobertas, concluímos que a tonsilectomia ou adenoamigdalectomia realizadas em crianças com distúrbios respiratórios obstrutivos produzem impacto positivo no desenvolvimento da aprendizagem escolar e intelectual.

Several studies have demonstrated the impact of obstructive sleep disorders on the quality of life of children. However, few studies address school and intellectual performances of children who have undergone tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy, indicating the benefits of these surgeries. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the learning and intellectual performances of children submitted to tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy, before and after surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 83 children between the ages of 7 and 11 were evaluated by a psychologist employing a longitudinal and descriptive study in the pre and post-surgery groups. The first evaluation was performed just before surgery, and the second and third evaluations one and six months after the surgical procedure. The social-demographic form, Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices Test and the School Performance Test were used. RESULTS: The group of children in this study presented a statistically significant evolution in their intellectual performance evaluations (p < 0.05) and also school performance evaluations in writing, mathematics and reading sub-tests (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Based on our findings we concluded that tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy performed in children with obstructive respiratory disorders produce a positive impact on intellectual and school learning development.

Avaliaçäo da eficácia da associaçäo gentamicina e cloranfenicol no tratamento de endometrites puerperais / Evaluation of the efficacy of the combination of gentamicin plus cloramphenicol in the treatment of puerperal endometritis

Os autores avaliam um esquema antibiótico no tratamento das endometrites puerperais, visando eficácia terapêutica e diminuiçäo dos custos. Baseado na gênese bifásica do abcesso, vem sendo utilizado nos EUA o esquema de um aminoglicosídeo, geralmente a gentamicina, e um anaerobicida, a clindamicina, na endometrite pós-cesárea, com pleno sucesso. Os autores avaliaram os resultados da substituiçäo da clindamicina por outro antibiótico eficaz contra anaeróbios e de custo muito menor, o cloranfenicol. Foi realizado um inquérito exaustivo com a populaçäo que teve parto na Maternidade Odete Valadares-BH e desenvolveu a infecçäo no período de janeiro de 1990 a março de 1991, totalizando 116 casos. Foram consideradas as seguintes variáveis: tipo de parto, resposta ao tratamento, tipo de alta, duraçäo do tratamento, remissäo da febre e custos dos medicamentos. Os resultados foram comparados com aqueles da literatura com gentamicina/clindamicina e gentamicina/penicilina. O esquema gentamicina/cloranfenicol teve eficácia semelhante ao primeiro, com custos inferiores; foi mais eficaz e de custos inferiores ao segundo. Os autores concluem que este esquema apresenta alta eficácia, tem baixo custo e sugerem sua escolha como primeira linha nas endometrites puerperais.