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Int J Mol Sci ; 25(9)2024 May 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38732202

RESUMO

Acquiring resistance against antiviral drugs is a significant problem in antimicrobial therapy. In order to identify novel antiviral compounds, the antiviral activity of eight plants indigenous to the southern region of Hungary against herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) was investigated. The plant extracts and the plant compound carnosic acid were tested for their effectiveness on both the extracellular and intracellular forms of HSV-2 on Vero and HeLa cells. HSV-2 replication was measured by a direct quantitative PCR (qPCR). Among the tested plant extracts, Salvia rosmarinus (S. rosmarinus) exhibited a 90.46% reduction in HSV-2 replication at the 0.47 µg/mL concentration. Carnosic acid, a major antimicrobial compound found in rosemary, also demonstrated a significant dose-dependent inhibition of both extracellular and intracellular forms of HSV-2. The 90% inhibitory concentration (IC90) of carnosic acid was between 25 and 6.25 µg/mL. Proteomics and high-resolution respirometry showed that carnosic acid suppressed key ATP synthesis pathways such as glycolysis, citrate cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation also suppressed HSV-2 replication up to 39.94-fold. These results indicate that the antiviral action of carnosic acid includes the inhibition of ATP generation by suppressing key energy production pathways. Carnosic acid holds promise as a potential novel antiviral agent against HSV-2.


Assuntos
Abietanos , Trifosfato de Adenosina , Antivirais , Herpesvirus Humano 2 , Extratos Vegetais , Replicação Viral , Abietanos/farmacologia , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , Chlorocebus aethiops , Células Vero , Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Trifosfato de Adenosina/biossíntese , Humanos , Animais , Herpesvirus Humano 2/efeitos dos fármacos , Herpesvirus Humano 2/fisiologia , Antivirais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Células HeLa
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