Loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta plasma biochemistry and proteome profile modulation during recovery.

The aim of the study was to monitor and analyse injured and diseased loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) plasma proteome profiles and biochemistry parameters during their recovery period in rescue centre within different age and recovery period groups, and determine the potential biomarkers that can be used in diagnostics. The plasma biochemical parameters of total protein and glucose content, accompanied by aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and N-acetyl-cystein-activated creatinine kinase (CK-NAC) are highlighted as valuable and potential biomarkers of turtle's health status and condition. Using high throughput tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomic approach we identified 913 plasma proteins, 12 of which shown to be modulated in loggerheads age groups, and identified as a part of (i) platelet degranulation, (ii) neutrophil degranulation, and (iii) innate immune system pathways. The neurofascin (NFASC) is shown to be differentially abundant among all the age groups, and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 2-like (ORM2) and alpha-1-antitrypsin-like (SERPINA1) proteins were recognized as members of all three above mentioned REACTOME pathways. Furthermore, 29 of plasma proteins were significantly differentially abundant in loggerheads age and recovery period groups. Out of 15 recognized pathways, those proteins were mostly included in three specific REACTOME pathways: (i) post-translational phosphorylation, (ii) regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs), and (iii) platelet degranulation. The alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was the only protein which showed statistically significant up-regulation patterns in all loggerhead age groups before release from the rescue centre, and the complement component 3 (C3) protein was the only protein modulated in all recovery period groups. Furthermore, C3 protein takes part in 9; and followed up with apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) in 7; complement component 4 (C4), complement component 5 (C5) and kininogen-1 (KNG1) in 6 REACTOME pathways. Thereby, those proteins are highlighted and recommended as potential biomarkers of turtle's health status. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD029569. Finally, based on our results, we believe that comprehensive omics approach and routine plasma biochemical analysis, accompanied by proteins of acute phase, acid-base status and immune-response indicator analysis may significantly and reliably improve assessment of captive loggerheads rehabilitation and medication. SIGNIFICANCE: Monitoring and comparison of loggerhead sea turtles (C. caretta) blood plasma biochemistry parameters and plasma proteome profiles in relation to the age, and recovery period pointed out significantly differentially abundant proteins, along with certain biochemical parameter contents as potential biomarkers of turtle's fitness, health status and physiology.

Changes in saliva proteins in cows with mastitis: A proteomic approach.

This study aimed to evaluate the possible saliva proteome changes in cows with mastitis using a Tandem Mass Tags (TMT) proteomics approach. For this purpose, the salivary proteomes from healthy cows and cows with mastitis were analysed, and their serum proteomes were also studied for comparative purposes. A total of eight saliva and serum paired samples for each group were used for the proteomic study, and eight additional samples for each group were analysed in the analytical and overlap performance studies. In saliva samples, 2192 proteins were identified, being sixty-three differentially modulated in mastitis. In serum, 1299 proteins were identified, being twenty-nine differentially modulated in mastitis. Gamma glutamyl transferase (γGT) in saliva and serum amyloid A (SAA) were validated by commercially available automated assays. In conclusion, there are changes in protein expression and metabolic pathways in saliva and serum proteomes of cows with mastitis, showing different response patterns but complementary information.

Identification of changes in serum analytes and possible metabolic pathways associated with canine obesity-related metabolic dysfunction.

The main objective of this study was to identify analytes that could change and that could help to clarify the metabolic and physiopathological changes related to canine obesity-related metabolic dysfunction (ORMD). For this, serum from 35 overweight/obese dogs, with and without ORMD, was submitted to a comprehensive panel of biochemistry analysis, a gel-free tandem mass tag isobaric label-based proteomic analysis, and, finally, selected proteins were used as a starting point for creating a protein interaction network. Dogs with ORMD showed significantly higher serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Ca, total proteins, albumin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity in comparison with dogs without ORMD. Proteomic analysis revealed that 23 proteins related to lipid metabolism, the complement factor system, cellular adhesion and functionality, inflammation, and coagulation were altered in dogs with ORMD. Finally, the obtained protein interaction network highlighted that the central term of this network was the negative regulation of the immune response. These data suggest that canine ORMD is associated with changes in analytes that reflect altered lipid metabolism, and liver and immune function impairment and suggests the potential for a prothrombotic state and lung function alterations.

Omics approaches to probe markers of disease resistance in animal sciences.

Omics technologies have been developed in recent decades and used in different thematics. More advancements were done in human and plant thematics. Omics is the conjugation of different techniques, studying all biological molecules (DNA, RNA, proteins, metabolites, etc.). Omics is then able to study entire pathways, elucidating phenotypes and their control. Thus, thanks to Omics, it is possible to have a broad overview of the linkage between genotypes and phenotypes. Disease phenotypes (tolerance or resistance) are important to understand in both production and health. Nowadays a plethora of research articles are presenting results in the field of natural disease resistance of animals using Omics technologies. Moreover, thanks to advanced high throughput technologies novel modes of infections (infection pathways) are coming to the surface. Such pathways are complex (hundreds to thousands of molecules implied, with complicated control mechanisms), and Omics can generate useful knowledge to understand those pathways. Here we aim to review several angles of Omics used to probe markers of disease resistance with recent publications and data on the field, and present perspectives and its utilization for a better understanding of diseases.