Effect of photobiomodulation on ischemia/reperfusion-induced renal damage in diabetic rats.

This study was designed to investigate the possible effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) on renal damage induced by ischemia reperfusion (IR) in diabetic rats. Twenty streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were randomly distributed into two groups, containing ten rats each: IR group (G1) and IR + PBM group (G2). After the right nephrectomy, the ischemia was produced in the left kidney for 30 min, followed by the reperfusion for 24 h. Then, a 685-nm laser diode with an output power of 15 mW (spot size = 0.28 cm2 and energy density = 3.2 J/cm2) was employed. PBM was carried out by irradiating the rats over six points on the skin over the left kidney region three times, i.e., immediately after skin suturing and 1 and 2 h after initiating reperfusion for 6 min. At the end of reperfusion period, the rats were anesthetized, and blood samples were collected and used for the estimation of renal function (blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine). Then, the left kidney was harvested for histological and biochemical examination. The serum levels of BUN and creatinine were significantly higher in G1 compared to G2 (P < 0.05). G1 had higher renal malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared to G2 (P < 0.05). Renal IR in diabetic rats (G1) resulted in a significant decrease in renal tissue glutathione (GSH) (P < 0.05) when compared to laser-treated rats (G2). A significant restoration was observed in the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P < 0.05) and catalase (CAT) (P < 0.05) in G2 as compared to G1. The levels of nitric oxide (NO) were increased in G1 in comparison to G2 (P < 0.05). The myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was significantly higher in the renal tissue of G1 than that of G2 (P < 0.05). In addition, specimens from the G1 had a significantly greater histological injury than those from the G2 (P < 0.05). The results of present investigation revealed that PBM attenuated kidney damage induced by renal IR in diabetic rats.

Effect of Otostegia persica extract on ischemia/reperfusion induced renal damage in diabetic rats. A biochemical study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of Otostegia persica (O. persica) extract on renal damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in diabetic rats. METHODS: Forty-eight rats were subjected to right nephrectomy; then, they were allocated into six groups: Sham; Diabetic sham; I/R; Diabetic I/R; I/R+O. persica; Diabetic I/R+O. persica. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (200 mg/kg, i.p.). O. persica (300 mg/kg/day, p.o) was administered for 2 weeks. On the 15th day, ischemia was induced in left kidney for 60 min, followed by reperfusion for 24h. Renal functional and biochemical markers were estimated. RESULTS: I/R in both normal and diabetic rats, induced a significant elevation in serum levels of urea and creatinine (p<0.05). Renal I/R induced a significant increase of malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase and nitric oxide concentrations associated with significant reduction in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in comparison with the sham group (p<0.05). Diabetic rats that underwent renal I/R exhibited a significant increase in all the studied parameters with a reduction in the antioxidant enzymes as compared to nondiabetic rats (p<0.05). These deleterious effects associated with renal I/R were improved by the treatment with O. persica (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Otostegia persica pretreatment protected the renal injury from ischemia-reperfusion in diabetic rats.

Evaluation of low-level laser therapy on skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by assaying biochemical markers and histological changes.

The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injuries in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into two experimental groups, as follows: the diabetic IR group (G1, n = 10) and the diabetic IR + LLLT group (G2, n = 10). Ischemia was induced in anesthetized rats from the right femoral artery clipping for 2 h, followed by a reperfusion for 24 h. Then, the laser irradiation (K30 handheld probe, AZOR, Technica, Russia, 650 nm, 30 mW, surface area = 1 cm(2), energy density = 1.8 J/cm(2)) was carried out by irradiating the rats over a unique point on the skin over the middle region of the right gastrocnemius muscle belly three times (every 8 h), starting after initiating the reperfusion for 3 min. At the end of the reperfusion period, rats were anaesthetized and blood samples were collected and used for the estimation of pO2, pCO2, pH, HCO3, serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Subsequently, the right gastrocnemius muscle samples were taken for wet/dry weight ratio assessment and histological/biochemical examination. The pO2, pCO2, HCO3, and pH levels were similar for both groups (P > 0.05). The serum LDH and CPK levels were significantly lower (P < 0.05) for G2 compared to G1. In comparison to G1, tissue malondialdehyde level in G2 was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In G2, superoxide dismutase activity was significantly increased compared to G1 (P < 0.05). Unlike G2, a significant decrease in the activity of catalase was observed in G1 (P < 0.05). The wet/dry ratio in G1 was significantly higher than that of G2 (P < 0.05). Histological examination confirmed that the extent of muscle changes in G1 was higher than G2 (P < 0.05). Finally, according to this study, LLLT has a beneficial effect on the IR muscle injury treatment in the diabetic rats. Therefore, we suggest that further research needs to be conducted using different laser parameters and examining response over a longer period of tissue recovery.

Effect of Otostegia persica extract on ischemia/reperfusion induced renal damage in diabetic rats. A biochemical study

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of Otostegia persica (O. persica) extract on renal damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in diabetic rats. METHODS: Forty-eight rats were subjected to right nephrectomy; then, they were allocated into six groups: Sham; Diabetic sham; I/R; Diabetic I/R; I/R+O. persica; Diabetic I/R+O. persica. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (200 mg/kg, i.p.). O. persica (300 mg/kg/day, p.o) was administered for 2 weeks. On the 15th day, ischemia was induced in left kidney for 60 min, followed by reperfusion for 24h. Renal functional and biochemical markers were estimated. RESULTS: I/R in both normal and diabetic rats, induced a significant elevation in serum levels of urea and creatinine (p<0.05). Renal I/R induced a significant increase of malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase and nitric oxide concentrations associated with significant reduction in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in comparison with the sham group (p<0.05). Diabetic rats that underwent renal I/R exhibited a significant increase in all the studied parameters with a reduction in the antioxidant enzymes as compared to nondiabetic rats (p<0.05). These deleterious effects associated with renal I/R were improved by the treatment with O. persica (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Otostegia persica pretreatment protected the renal injury from ischemia-reperfusion in diabetic rats.