[Study on the risk factors of tuberculosis in four cities and provinces in China].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influencing factors on tuberculosis (TB) in four provinces in the eastern and central parts of China. METHODS: From Nov. 2009 to Feb. 2011, three population-based field surveys were conducted among the resident population in several townships/streets in Guangdong, Hunan and Jiangsu provinces and Shanghai municipality to collect TB-related information. 474 sputum smear positive TB patients and 1896 controls were randomly selected from the population under study and each case was matched by province, age and sex using a frequency matching method. Single-variable and multiple non-conditional logistic regression modeling were applied for data analysis, and odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. RESULTS: Data from Single-variable analysis showed that TB history, history of exposure to TB, DM history, immigrant population and per-capita living space were risk factors for TB, and high level of education was protective factors. RESULTS: from multiple logistic regression showed that the risk factors of TB would include the following items: history of having had TB (OR = 52.356, 95%CI: 18.956 - 144.607), living space over 50 m(2)per-capita (OR = 8.742, 95%CI: 1.107 - 69.064), history of exposure to TB (OR = 6.083, 95%CI: 2.336 - 15.839) and being immigrants (OR = 3.306, 95%CI: 1.907 - 5.734), while having had high degree of education as the protective factor of TB (OR = 0.284, 95%CI: 0.110 - 0.733). CONCLUSION: Control programs targeting those ever having TB patients and contacts to TB patients as well as immigrants should be strengthened.

[Effects of heishunpian total alkaloids on Cassia acutifolia induced mice diarrhea and contraction of isolated intestinal smooth muscle in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Heishunpian total alkaloids on Cassia acutifolia induced mice diarrhea and contraction of isolated intestinal smooth muscle in rats. METHODS: The experiment was carried out with Cassia acutifolia induced mice diarrhea model, small intestinal propulsive rate in mice was used to valuate the effect of Heishunpian total alkaloids on diarrhea mice; The effects of Heishunpian total alkaloids on contraction of isolated intestinal smooth muscle in rats and its mechanism were investigated by monitoring amplitude and tension of isolated intestinal smooth muscle in rats; The chemical constituents of Heishunpian total alkaloids were analyzed by HPLC. RESULTS: Heishunpian total alkaloids could significantly slow down intestine propulsive motility in diarrhea mice (P < 0. 05), and reduce amplitude and tension of isolated small intestinal smooth muscle contraction in normal rats in dose-dependent manner. Heishunpian total alkaloids had a certain inhibitory effect on acetylcholine chloride and neostigmine methylsulfate strengthening small intestine smooth muscle movement, however, had no significantly effect on Atropine sulfate inhibiting small intestine smooth muscle movement. By HPLC analysis, benzoylaconitine, benzoylmesaconitine, benzoylhypaconitine were the main chemical constituents of Heishunpian total alkaloids. CONCLUSION: Heishunpian total alkaloids have a certain role of antidiarrheal and its mechanism may be related to antagonizing muscarinic receptors.

[Construction of surveillance and early-warning-index-system on tuberculosis in China].

OBJECTIVE: To establish the surveillance and warning index system corresponding with the epidemic characteristics of tuberculosis, in China. METHODS: Literature review and expert meeting were conducted to formulate the preliminary index system frame. Delphi method was used for screening the index and determining the weight of each index. RESULTS: Two-round Delphi consultations were performed. The activity coefficients were 87.0%, 90.0% respectively, with means of authority coefficient as 0.850±0.055 and 0.917±0.017, respectively. Mean scores of the index were 7.063±1.435, 8.156±0.611 respectively, with the means of coefficient of variation as 0.352±0.161 and 0.170±0.057 respectively. The harmony coefficients were 0.322 (χ2=499.472, P<0.05) and 0.393 (χ2=241.126, P<0.05) respectively. After the two-round consultation, the tuberculosis monitoring and warning index system was developed, including 4 first-class indicators, 9 second-class indicators and 48 third-class indicators. CONCLUSION: An index system was established for tuberculosis monitoring and early warning that could provide evidence for tuberculosis prevention and control as well as for the forecasting and warning model of the disease.