[The use of ExtraCorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) in severe hypothermia associated with cardiac arrest]. / Le cas clinique du mois . Utilisation de la circulation extracorporelle avec oxygénateur à membranes (ECMO) dans un cas d'hypothermie sévère avec arrêt cardiaque prolongé.

The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in severe hypothermia associated with cardiac arrest has become a more frequent warming technique in specialized centers over the years with better survival outcomes compared to traditional rewarming methods. We show that a full recovery is possible, even after prolonged resuscitation. We report the case of a 36-year old male who survived approximately 4 hours of cardiopulmonary resuscitation following an unknown duration of asystole in the context of severe accidental hypothermia (24°C). Normal sinus rhythm was obtained using a single external electric shock during the rewarming of the patient by ECMO. After a hospital stay of 17 days, there were no neurological deficits and he achieved a full recovery. Although prolonged out-of-hospital cardiac arrest has low survival rates and asystole is not generally considered as an indication for extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECCPR), associated hypothermia can be a predictor of a possible positive outcome when ECMO is used as it reduces the metabolism and protects the brain, thus leading to "miraculous" recoveries with no neurological sequelae. This case demonstrates yet again the importance of advanced rewarming techniques such as ECMO in the outcome of patients with severe accidental hypothermia, even after prolonged and refractory out-of hospital cardiac arrest and when "no-flow" time is uncertain. It also highlights the need for accidental hypothermia treatment algorithms, especially in hospitals capable of ECMO rewarming, to enable more rapid decision-making.

L'utilisation de la circulation extracorporelle avec oxygénateur à membranes (ECMO) en cas d'hypothermie sévère avec arrêt cardiaque affiche de meilleurs résultats par rapport aux méthodes traditionnelles. Nous montrons qu'un rétablissement complet est possible, même après une réanimation cardio-pulmonaire (RCP) prolongée. Nous rapportons le cas d'un homme de 36 ans ayant survécu à 4 heures de RCP après une durée indéterminée d'asystolie dans le contexte d'une hypothermie accidentelle grave (24°C). Un rythme sinusal a été obtenu par simple choc électrique externe lors du réchauffement du patient sous ECMO. Après 17 jours d'hospitalisation, le patient n'a présenté aucun déficit neurologique et s'est complètement rétabli. Bien que l'arrêt cardiaque (ARCA) extrahospitalier prolongé ait un faible taux de survie et que l'asystolie ne soit généralement pas considérée comme une indication de RCP, l'hypothermie associée peut être un facteur prédictif de résultat positif lorsque l'ECMO est utilisée, car elle permet de réduire le métabolisme et de protéger le cerveau, conduisant à une récupération neurologique ad integrum. Ce cas démontre l'importance de l'ECMO dans l'hypothermie accidentelle sévère, même après un arrêt cardiaque extra-hospitalier prolongé et réfractaire, même en cas de «no flow¼ incertain. Il souligne également la nécessité de créer un algorithme pour une prise en charge optimale et rapide de l'hypothermie accidentelle.

Acquired antithrombin type IIb deficiency after liver transplantation: a case report.

A 3-year-old girl with multifocal hepatoblastoma was referred to our clinic for living-donor liver transplantation, the patient's father being the donor. Pretransplant evaluation revealed that the father presented partial asymptomatic antithrombin (AT) deficiency, with no inherited AT deficiency found in the girl. The genetic testing showed an AT type IIb deficiency responsible for a defect in the heparin-binding region of AT which is less thrombogenic but more common than the other AT qualitative defects. Her mother was ABO incompatible. Despite the thrombophilia on the father's side, transplantation was successfully performed under replacement therapy with intravenous AT concentrate and low-molecular-weight heparin thromboprophylaxis given to both the recipient and the donor. No thrombotic complications occurred. In the posttransplantation course, acquired partial AT deficiency was detected in the recipient, who received adjuvant chemotherapy without thrombotic complications. This case report highlights the relevance of full thrombophilic work-up before liver transplantation from a living donor, while illustrating that the procedure can be successfully performed in the case of AT deficiency on the donor's side provided that appropriate AT supplementation and thromboprophylaxis are administered to both the recipient and the donor.