RESUMO
JE-CV (IMOJEV®, Sanofi Pasteur, France) is a live attenuated virus vaccine constructed by inserting coding sequences of the prM and E structural proteins of the Japanese encephalitis SA14-14-2 virus into the genome of yellow fever 17D virus. Primary immunization with JE-CV requires a single dose of the vaccine. This article reviews clinical trials of JE-CV in children aged up to 6 years conducted in countries across South-East Asia. Strong and persistent antibody responses were observed after single primary and booster doses, with 97% of children seroprotected up to five years after booster vaccination. Models of long-term antibody persistence predict a median duration of protection of approximately 30 years after a booster dose. The safety and reactogenicity profiles of JE-CV primary and booster doses are comparable to other widely used childhood vaccines.
Assuntos
Encefalite Japonesa/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra Encefalite Japonesa/efeitos adversos , Vacinas contra Encefalite Japonesa/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Sudeste Asiático , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Humanos , Esquemas de Imunização , Lactente , Vacinas contra Encefalite Japonesa/administração & dosagem , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Vacinas Atenuadas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Atenuadas/efeitos adversos , Vacinas Atenuadas/imunologia , Vacinas Sintéticas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Sintéticas/efeitos adversos , Vacinas Sintéticas/imunologia , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/genética , Vacina contra Febre Amarela/genéticaRESUMO
Ukraine is a zone of moderate hepatitis A endemicity. The changing epidemiology of the disease because of improved hygiene has shifted the burden of Hepatitis A to older age groups where the disease is more severe. Outbreaks have also become more common as more of the population has become susceptible to hepatitis A virus (HAV). To help guide decisions regarding use of hepatitis A vaccine in Ukraine, we examined the presence of antibody to HAV (anti-HAV) in 1001 persons aged 1 to 85 years, visiting four municipal healthcare centres in the Ukrainian capital, Kiev. Overall, the anti-HAV prevalence was 31.9%. Anti-HAV seropositivity increased with age from 9.2% among children aged 1-5 years to 81.7% among persons over 50 years, but less than 50% of subjects less than 50 years were HAV seropositive. No children under 2 years were seropositive. HAV seropositivity was twice as high in children aged 5-11 years old in the low socio-economic status group (income less than 150 US$ per family member per month) than in the middle/high group (11.1% compared to 6.3%) but this disparity disappeared by adolescence. The prevalence of anti-HAV antibodies in adults was not different with respect to district of residence within the city. Considering the proportion of HAV seronegative subjects in all age groups under 50 years, routine vaccination against HAV of children aged 1-2 years old would appear to be an effective schedule for hepatitis A prophylaxis in Kiev.
