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1.
Animals (Basel) ; 12(5)2022 Feb 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35268145

RESUMO

The purpose of this retrospective case study was to evaluate trends over time in case distribution, sources, and breeds of dogs presenting to the behavioral medicine service at a veterinary college referral hospital in the United States. For case distribution and sources, the available records from the behavior service (n = 1923) from 1997 to 2017 were evaluated. Breeds of dogs presenting to all services (n = 51,052) were compared to behavior cases (n = 822) from 2007 to 2016. Over twenty years, 72.2% of dogs presented for aggression, 20.1% for anxieties/fears/phobias, and 7.4% for miscellaneous behavioral problems. Dogs acquired from breeders decreased and dogs from shelters, rescues, or adopted as a stray increased over twenty years (p < 0.0001). The Herding (p = 0.0124) and Terrier (p < 0.0001) groups were overrepresented for behavior problems as compared to all other services over ten years. Variations in terminology and diagnostic approach made comparisons with earlier studies difficult, which underscores a need for a more consistent methodology in veterinary behavioral medicine. Understanding trends in sources of dogs could direct resources aimed at guiding owners when acquiring a pet dog and preventing behavioral problems. Findings related to breeds could help guide research focused on the genetic contributions to behavior.

2.
Animals (Basel) ; 10(3)2020 Mar 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32213821

RESUMO

The American College of Veterinary Behavior has grown in number and in expertise over the past quarter century. There are now 86 diplomates, at least three textbooks on treating behavior problems, and a text on veterinary psychopharmacology. Although veterinary behavior began in veterinary colleges, the majority of residents are now trained in non-conforming programs. Many more diplomates practice privately in specialty clinics or as separate businesses. Progress has been made in both diagnosis and treatment with polypharmacy, resulting in successful outcomes for many dogs and cats suffering from separation anxiety, fear, or aggression.

3.
Animals (Basel) ; 9(10)2019 Oct 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31615005

RESUMO

Dogs in shelters may be unattended at night. The purpose of this study is to describe the night-time behavior of dogs in a shelter and to determine if artificial light affected their sleeping patterns. Ten dogs were video-recorded under both light and dark conditions and their behavior recorded using focal animal sampling. The dogs were lying down 649 ± 40 min (mean ± SD) in the light condition and 629 ± 58 min in the dark condition each night. They awoke, stood up, turned around and then lay down again every 48 to 50 min. There was no significant difference in time spent lying between the two conditions (p > 0.05). Light did not seem to affect their behavior. The conclusion is that dogs in shelters may sleep in the absence of people and that light does not disrupt their sleep patterns.

4.
J Equine Vet Sci ; 72: 47-55, 2019 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30929783

RESUMO

Temperament can be defined as innate properties of the nervous system, whereas personality includes the complex behavioral traits acquired through life. Association between personality and behavior is important for breeding, selection, and training of horses. For the first time, we evaluated if equine personality components previously identified in Japan and Europe were consistent when applied to American horses. We examined the association of personality with breed, age, sex, management, training, stereotypies, and misbehaviors. The owner directed personality survey consisted of 25 questions. An online version of the survey was created. The principal component analysis method was used to associate behavioral traits with personality components. Factor analysis with orthogonal transformation was performed on scores for personality-related questions. A total of 847 survey responses were used. Quarter Horses, "other" breed, and Thoroughbred were the most common breeds. Three principal personality components were extracted as each behavioral trait belonged to one of these three components. Arabians, Thoroughbreds, Saddlebreds, and Walking horses were the most nervous and Quarter Horses, and Paints, Appaloosas, and Drafts were the least nervous. No trained discipline was significantly associated with any personality component. There were no significant associations between stereotypies and misbehaviors and nervous or curious personality. For the first time in predominantly American horses, we have evaluated personality components and their association with breed, age, sex, training discipline, and stereotypies. We refute links between personality and trained discipline and confirm the lack of association between nervous personality and stereotypies and misbehaviors.


Assuntos
Cruzamento , Equidae , Animais , Europa (Continente) , Cavalos , Japão , Personalidade
5.
Lab Anim (NY) ; 44(9): 350-8, 2015 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26300095

RESUMO

Horses and ponies are used for experimental research in a variety of fields, but there is little published scientific literature that describes current or evidence-based recommendations for keeping and managing these species for research purposes. Equine species require particular environmental conditions and allowances to accommodate their behavior and physiology. Here the authors review studies and common practices for ambient facility conditions; provision of bedding, food and water; opportunities for exercise and environmental enrichment; allocation of facility spaces and resources; and design and management of different stabling systems for horses and ponies in research. Careful consideration of these factors can help to improve the welfare of equine subjects in research and to ensure high-quality experimental data.


Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Bem-Estar do Animal , Cavalos/fisiologia , Abrigo para Animais , Animais , Pesquisa Biomédica/normas
6.
Behav Processes ; 87(2): 183-9, 2011 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21443933

RESUMO

To investigate how socialization can affect the types and characteristics of vocalization produced by cats, feral cats (n=25) and house cats (n=13) were used as subjects, allowing a comparison between cats socialized to people and non-socialized cats. To record vocalization and assess the cats' responses to behavioural stimuli, five test situations were used: approach by a familiar caretaker, by a threatening stranger, by a large doll, by a stranger with a dog and by a stranger with a cat. Feral cats showed extremely aggressive and defensive behaviour in most test situations, and produced higher call rates than those of house cats in the test situations, which could be attributed to less socialization to other animals and to more sensitivity to fearful situations. Differences were observed in the acoustic parameters of feral cats in comparison to those of house cats. The feral cat produced significantly higher frequency in fundamental frequency, peak frequency, 1st quartile frequency, 3rd quartile frequency of growls and hisses in agonistic test situations. In contrast to the growls and hisses, in meow, all acoustic parameters like fundamental frequency, first formant, peak frequency, 1st quartile frequency, and 3rd quartile frequency of house cats were of significantly higher frequency than those of feral cats. Also, house cats produced calls of significantly shorter in duration than feral cats in agonistic test situations. These results support the conclusion that a lack of socialization may affect usage of types of vocalizations, and the vocal characteristics, so that the proper socialization of cat may be essential to be a suitable companion house cat.


Assuntos
Animais Domésticos/psicologia , Animais Selvagens/psicologia , Gatos/psicologia , Comportamento Social , Vocalização Animal , Agressão , Animais , Cães , Feminino , Espectrografia do Som , Especificidade da Espécie , Fatores de Tempo
7.
Behav Processes ; 84(2): 568-72, 2010 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20176091

RESUMO

This study aimed to compare the behavioural reactivity of Jindo dogs with two different coat colours. Fawn (16 males, 15 females; mean age+/-S.D.=7.2+/-2.1 years) and white (10 males, 10 females; mean age+/-S.D.=6.9+/-2.1 years) Jindo dogs were exposed to a set of behavioural tests. All of the dogs were videotaped during the testing period to allow further analysis. The intensity of social, aggressive, fearful, and submissive reactivity and the frequency of urination as a scent-marking behaviour were scored on a scale running from 0 to 4 points. For each dog, each variable was defined as the average of the scores of nine behaviour tests. Then, the behavioural reactivities of Jindo dogs of each coat colour were compared. The results suggested that Jindo dogs of fawn coat colour exhibited a significantly lower intensity of fearful and submissive reactivity than those of white coat colour. In addition, fawn Jindo dogs produced scent-marking behaviour significantly more frequently. The results of the present study may provide useful information for scientific researchers, potential owners and breeders of Jindo dogs.


Assuntos
Cães/psicologia , Cor de Cabelo , Comportamento Social , Agressão , Animais , Comportamento Animal , Dominação-Subordinação , Medo , Feminino , Coreia (Geográfico) , Masculino , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Testes Psicológicos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Caracteres Sexuais , Gravação em Vídeo
8.
Vet Ther ; 8(1): 18-31, 2007.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17447222

RESUMO

Canine separation anxiety is a common behavioral problem presented to veterinarians. Associated behaviors are distressing to both dog and owner, have the potential to disrupt the human-companion animal bond, and may lead to euthanasia. The results of this study demonstrate the clinical efficacy and safety of Reconcile (fluoxetine, 1 to 2 mg/kg/day [0.45 to 0.91 mg/lb/day]), in conjunction with behavior management, for the treatment of canine separation anxiety. The beef flavored chewable formulation was palatable to treated dogs and easy to administer. This study provides to veterinarians and owners valuable information about an effective separation anxiety treatment plan that combines use of Reconcile with behavior modification.


Assuntos
Antidepressivos de Segunda Geração/administração & dosagem , Ansiedade de Separação/tratamento farmacológico , Comportamento Animal , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Fluoxetina/administração & dosagem , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/administração & dosagem , Administração Oral , Animais , Ansiedade de Separação/psicologia , Canadá , Doenças do Cão/psicologia , Cães , Método Duplo-Cego , Vínculo Humano-Animal , Humanos , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos
9.
J Am Vet Med Assoc ; 229(10): 1591-601, 2006 Nov 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17107314

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine trends in behavior diagnoses; assess the relationship between diagnoses and age, sex, reproductive status, and breed; and evaluate associations between diagnoses within the same dog (comorbidity). DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 1,644 dogs. PROCEDURES: Medical records of dogs evaluated for behavioral problems were reviewed for breed, sex, reproductive status, consultation year, birth date, and diagnoses. RESULTS: Numbers of dogs with aggression, anxiety, and unruly behavior increased over the course of the study, as did the total number of dogs evaluated for behavioral problems. In general and for aggression, Dalmatians, English Springer Spaniels, German Shepherd Dogs, and mixed-breed dogs were evaluated more often than expected, whereas Labrador Retrievers and Golden Retrievers were evaluated less often than expected. Labrador Retrievers were also underrepresented for anxiety, whereas mixed-breed dogs were overrepresented. Males were overrepresented except for interdog aggression, anxieties, and phobias, whereas females were overrepresented for phobias. Dogs with phobias were evaluated at a median age of 6.5 years, compared with dogs with other problems (median age, 2.5 years). A mean of 1.6 diagnoses/dog was observed, with certain diagnoses clustered. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that in dogs, behavioral problems changed over the course of the study; age, sex, and breed distributions varied among diagnoses; and certain diagnoses were likely to occur together.


Assuntos
Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Cães/fisiologia , Cães/psicologia , Linhagem , Fatores Etários , Agressão , Animais , Ansiedade , Análise por Conglomerados , Comorbidade , Doenças do Cão/psicologia , Medo , Feminino , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo
10.
J Am Vet Med Assoc ; 229(10): 1602-6, 2006 Nov 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17107316

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe trends in behavior diagnoses from 1991 to 2001; assess the relationship between diagnoses and age, sex, reproductive status, and breed; and evaluate associations between diagnoses within the same cat (comorbidity). DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 736 cats. PROCEDURES: Medical records were reviewed for species, breed, sex, reproductive status, consultation year, birth date, and diagnoses. RESULTS: The caseload decreased over the course of the study. Aggression toward people increased, and spraying decreased. Cases involving Siamese cats decreased over time. Siamese cats were evaluated more often than expected in general and specifically for aggression and ingestive behavior problems, whereas Persian cats were evaluated more often than expected for elimination outside of the litter box. Domestic shorthair cats were evaluated less often than expected in general and specifically for aggression, ingestive behavior problems, and house soiling. Male cats were overrepresented. Cats with ingestive behavior problems were evaluated at a median age of 1.5 years, compared with cats with other problems (median age, 5.5 years). Certain diagnoses were clustered, with a mean of 1.2 diagnoses/cat. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that in cats, behavior problems changed over the course of the study, age and breed distributions varied among diagnoses, and certain diagnoses were likely to occur together.


Assuntos
Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Doenças do Gato/psicologia , Gatos/fisiologia , Gatos/psicologia , Doenças do Sistema Digestório/veterinária , Fatores Etários , Agressão , Animais , Análise por Conglomerados , Comorbidade , Doenças do Sistema Digestório/epidemiologia , Doenças do Sistema Digestório/psicologia , Comportamento Excretor Animal , Feminino , Masculino , Linhagem , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo
11.
Vet J ; 172(1): 154-9, 2006 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16772140

RESUMO

This study investigated the effects of ovariohysterectomy on reactivity of German Shepherd dogs. Fourteen healthy dogs ranging in age from 5 to 10 months were assigned to an ovariohysterectomy or a sexually intact group. Their behaviours were digitally video recorded 4-5 months after treatment and analysed for treatment effects on reactivity. Responses to the approach of an unfamiliar human leading an unknown dog were assigned the following reactivity scores: severe reactivity, 3; moderate reactivity, 2; defensive or mild reactivity, 1; attentive or no reactivity, 0. Median reactivity scores in response to the approach of an unfamiliar human walking with an unknown dog were calculated for each observation period. Dogs in the ovariohysterectomized group showed more reactivity, and median reactivity scores were higher in the ovariohysterectomy group compared with those of the sexually intact group. Ovariohysterectomy of 5-10 month old German Shepherd bitches specifically, and perhaps bitches of any breed generally, may induce an increase in reactivity. Practitioners may benefit from recognizing that a range of behavioural changes may occur post-ovariohysterectomy.


Assuntos
Comportamento Animal , Cães/cirurgia , Histerectomia/veterinária , Ovariectomia/veterinária , Animais , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Feminino , Distribuição Aleatória
13.
J Am Vet Med Assoc ; 227(10): 1594-603, 2005 Nov 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16313036

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence of owner-directed aggression and identify associated environmental and genetic factors in English Springer Spaniels. DESIGN: Prevalence survey. ANIMALS: 1,053 adult English Springer Spaniels. PROCEDURE: A mail survey was sent to 2,400 randomly selected owners of adult American Kennel Club-registered English Springer Spaniels. Dogs with a history of aggression to family members and familiar humans were compared with dogs without such a history. RESULTS: 1,053 questionnaires (56.1% of the 1,877 delivered) were completed. A history of owner-directed growling or more intense aggression was reported in 510 (48.4%) dogs. Two hundred seventy-seven (26.3%) dogs had bitten a human in the past; 65.2% of bites were directed at familiar (owner or nonowner) adults and children. Variables associated with owner-directed aggression included sex of dog (male), neuter status (neutered, regardless of sex), show or bench lines, age > 4 years, aggression to unfamiliar adults and children, acquisition from a hobby breeder, less responsiveness to obedience cues, and a specific kennel and 1 popular sire from that kennel in a 4-generation pedigree. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Owner-directed aggression in adult English Springer Spaniels was associated with a number of environmental, sex-related, and inherited factors. To reduce the risk of aggression, prospective owners might seek a female, hunting-type English Springer Spaniel from an experienced breeder. However, because risk factors are broad and varied, there are limitations to the extent to which behavior can be predicted and further study is needed of the inheritance of aggression in this breed.


Assuntos
Agressão , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Cães/fisiologia , Cães/psicologia , Linhagem , Fatores Etários , Animais , Coleta de Dados , Cães/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Personalidade , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Especificidade da Espécie , Esterilização Reprodutiva/veterinária , Inquéritos e Questionários
14.
J Vet Med Educ ; 32(4): 481-90, 2005.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16421832

RESUMO

RATIONALE FOR STUDY: The American Veterinary Medical Association's policy states that veterinarians are obliged to promote good animal welfare. In order to establish how compatible the attitudes of future veterinarians in one North American Veterinary College were with the promotion of good animal welfare, students were surveyed with respect to their opinions about the humaneness of commonly employed agricultural procedures (e.g., hot branding) and their beliefs about the cognitive ability of various domesticated species. METHODOLOGY: A Web-based questionnaire was made available to all veterinary students at Cornell University. Descriptive summary data were collected with regards to students' perceptions of the cognitive abilities of six different domesticated species. Students were also asked if they considered certain agricultural procedures to be humane for each of these species. The data were analyzed with respect to students' future career goals. Chi-squared tests and nonparametric statistical techniques were used to examine differences between species and desired career goals. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Veterinary students were more likely to believe that dogs and cats had cognitive abilities than farm animals did. Students considered various procedures to be more humane for farm mammals than for dogs and cats. Students aspiring to work with food animals considered more procedures to be humane for all species than did students aspiring to work with small animals. The inconsistency of students' attitudes for different species has implications for veterinary education and animal welfare. Scientific fields integral to understanding animal welfare may need to be emphasized within the veterinary educational curriculum.


Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Bem-Estar do Animal , Animais Domésticos , Educação em Veterinária , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Criação de Animais Domésticos/ética , Animais , Escolha da Profissão , Humanos , Especificidade da Espécie , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estados Unidos , Médicos Veterinários/psicologia
15.
J Am Vet Med Assoc ; 224(3): 372-9, 2004 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14765796

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term risks and benefits of early-age gonadectomy, compared with traditional-age gonadectomy, among cats adopted from a large animal shelter. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. ANIMALS: 1,660 cats. PROCEDURE: Cats underwent gonadectomy and were adopted from an animal shelter before 1 year of age; follow-up was available for as long as 11 years after surgery (median follow-up time, 3.9 years). Adopters completed a questionnaire about their cats' behavior and medical history. When possible, the cats' veterinary records were reviewed. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify any associations between the occurrence of 47 medical and behavioral conditions and the cats' age at gonadectomy. RESULTS: Among male cats that underwent early-age gonadectomy (< 5.5 months of age), the occurrence of abscesses, aggression toward veterinarians, sexual behaviors, and urine spraying was decreased, whereas hiding was increased, compared with cats that underwent gonadectomy at an older age. Among male and female cats that underwent early-age gonadectomy, asthma, gingivitis, and hyperactivity were decreased, whereas shyness was increased. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Gonadectomy before 5.5 months of age was not associated with increased rates of death or relinquishment or occurrence of any serious medical or behavioral condition and may provide certain important long-term benefits, especially for male cats. Animal shelters can safely gonadectomize cats at a young age, and veterinarians should consider recommending routine gonadectomy for client-owned cats before the traditional age of 6 to 8 months.


Assuntos
Comportamento Animal , Gatos/cirurgia , Orquiectomia/veterinária , Ovariectomia/veterinária , Fatores Etários , Bem-Estar do Animal , Animais , Gatos/fisiologia , Gatos/psicologia , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Masculino , Orquiectomia/efeitos adversos , Orquiectomia/métodos , Ovariectomia/efeitos adversos , Ovariectomia/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Maturidade Sexual/fisiologia , Resultado do Tratamento
16.
J Am Vet Med Assoc ; 224(3): 380-7, 2004 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14765797

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term risks and benefits of early-age gonadectomy, compared with traditional-age gonadectomy, among dogs adopted from a large animal shelter. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. ANIMALS: 1,842 dogs. PROCEDURE: Dogs underwent gonadectomy and were adopted from an animal shelter before 1 year of age; follow-up was available for as long as 11 years after surgery. Adopters completed a questionnaire about their dogs' behavior and medical history. When possible, the dogs' veterinary records were reviewed. Associations between the occurrence of 56 medical and behavioral conditions and dogs' age at gonadectomy were evaluated. RESULTS: Among female dogs, early-age gonadectomy was associated with increased rate of cystitis and decreasing age at gonadectomy was associated with increased rate of urinary incontinence. Among male and female dogs with early-age gonadectomy, hip dysplasia, noise phobias, and sexual behaviors were increased, whereas obesity, separation anxiety, escaping behaviors, inappropriate elimination when frightened, and relinquishment for any reason were decreased. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Because early-age gonadectomy appears to offer more benefits than risks for male dogs, animal shelters can safely gonadectomize male dogs at a young age and veterinary practitioners should consider recommending routine gonadectomy for client-owned male dogs before the traditional age of 6 to 8 months. For female dogs, however, increased urinary incontinence suggests that delaying gonadectomy until at least 3 months of age may be beneficial.


Assuntos
Cães/cirurgia , Orquiectomia/veterinária , Ovariectomia/veterinária , Fatores Etários , Bem-Estar do Animal , Animais , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Cães/fisiologia , Cães/psicologia , Feminino , Masculino , Orquiectomia/métodos , Ovariectomia/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Comportamento Sexual Animal/fisiologia , Resultado do Tratamento
17.
J Am Anim Hosp Assoc ; 40(1): 13-9, 2004.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14736900

RESUMO

To test the predictive value of a doll and an artificial hand, reactions of dogs (n=100) were compared to histories of behavior toward children. Each dog's reaction to the doll and the hand was categorized as normal, fearful, fearfully aggressive, or offensively aggressive. Sixty-five percent (n=37) of the dogs that had a normal or no reaction to the stimuli had a history of being good with children. Eighty-eight percent (n=34) of the dogs that had an aggressive reaction to the doll had a history of aggressive behavior toward a child. Dogs that were fearfully aggressive were significantly more likely to show fearful responses to the doll, and dogs that were either dominant or fearfully aggressive were more likely to exhibit aggression of the same type to the hand. The results of this study indicate that the doll and, to a lesser extent, the hand may be useful components in determining the aggressive tendencies of dogs. The results also point out the major limitations, because the false positives and false negatives are too frequent.


Assuntos
Agressão/psicologia , Comportamento Animal , Cães/psicologia , Animais , Reações Falso-Negativas , Reações Falso-Positivas , Medo/psicologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes
18.
Clin Tech Small Anim Pract ; 19(4): 194-204, 2004 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18371316
19.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract ; 33(2): 345-63, 2003 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12701516

RESUMO

The influence of hereditary and environmental factors is indispensable as the foundation on which the temperament of an animal is formed. Genetic research on animal temperament has experienced a turning point in recent years as a result of the development of molecular biology. In the near future, it may be possible to explain the formation process of animal temperament as the two fields share their research. We look forward to applying these research results to the development of new genetic treatment methods for problem behavior and training programs suited to the individual.


Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade/terapia , Comportamento Animal , Gatos/genética , Cães/genética , Terapia Genética , Animais , Cruzamento
20.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract ; 33(2): 405-16, vii-viii, 2003 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12701518

RESUMO

The effects of dietary deficiency, including both malnutrition and deficiency of specific vitamins, on behavior is discussed with special emphasis on the growing kitten and puppy. The effect of caloric restriction on behavior is reviewed so that owners can be advised what to expect when their dog is placed on a reducing diet. The evidence for influence of dietary protein and tryptophan on canine aggression is presented. The effect of special diets on canine cognitive dysfunction is reviewed.


Assuntos
Ração Animal , Comportamento Animal , Dieta , Animais , Gatos , Cães
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