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1.
Microbiol Resour Announc ; 13(1): e0081123, 2024 Jan 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38047654

RESUMO

We report the whole-genome sequence of monkeypox virus obtained using MinION technology (Oxford Nanopore Technologies) from a French clinical specimen during the 2022 epidemic. Amplicon-based sequencing and shotgun metagenomic approaches were directly applied to the sample.

2.
Microbiol Resour Announc ; 12(4): e0000923, 2023 Apr 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36971577

RESUMO

We report the whole-genome sequences of a monkeypox virus from the skin lesion of a French patient and the corresponding isolated viral strain. Both viral genomic sequences were successfully obtained by applying shotgun metagenomics using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing approach.

3.
PeerJ ; 9: e11015, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34611501

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic initially erupted from a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown origin in the city of Wuhan, China. Presently, it has almost reached 94 million cases worldwide. Lebanon on the brink of economic collapse and its healthcare system thrown into turmoil, has previously managed to cope with the initial SARS-CoV-2 wave. In this study, we sequenced 11 viral genomes from positive cases isolated between 2 February 2020 and 15 March 2020. METHODS: Sequencing data was quality controlled, consensus sequences generated, and a maximum-likelihood tree was generated with IQTREE v2. Genetic lineages were assigned with Pangolin v1.1.14 and single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were called from read files and manually curated from consensus sequence alignment through JalView v2.11 and the genomic mutational interference with molecular diagnostic tools was assessed with the CoV-GLUE pipeline. Phylogenetic analysis of whole genome sequences confirmed a multiple introduction scenario due to international travel. RESULTS: Three major lineages were identified to be circulating in Lebanon in the studied period. The B.1 (20A clade) was the most prominent, followed by the B.4 lineage (19A clade) and the B.1.1 lineage (20B clade). SNV analysis showed 15 novel mutations from which only one was observed in the spike region.

4.
BMC Genomics ; 22(1): 540, 2021 Jul 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34261445

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In Tunisia a first SARS-CoV-2 confirmed case was reported in March 03, 2020. Since then, an increase of cases number was observed from either imported or local cases. The aim of this preliminary study was to better understand the molecular epidemiology and genetic variability of SARS-CoV-2 viruses circulating in Tunisia and worldwide. METHODS: Whole genome sequencing was performed using NGS approach on six SARS. CoV-2 highly positive samples detected during the early phase of the outbreak. RESULTS: Full genomes sequences of six Tunisian SARS-CoV-2 strains were obtained from imported and locally transmission cases during the COVID-19 outbreak. Reported sequences were non-identical with 0.1% nucleotide divergence rate and clustered into 6 different clades with worldwide sequences. SNPs results favor the distribution of the reported Tunisian sequences into 3 major genotypes. These SNP mutations are critical for diagnosis and vaccine development. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate multiple introductions of the virus in Tunisia and add new genomic data on SARS-CoV-2 at the international level.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Genoma Viral , Humanos , Pandemias , Filogenia , Tunísia/epidemiologia , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma
5.
Infect Agent Cancer ; 16(1): 10, 2021 Feb 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33549143

RESUMO

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is generally associated with chronic antigen stimulation: auto-antigens or of microbial origin. Only one study suggested association between Achromobacter xylosoxidans and pulmonary MALT lymphoma. We aimed to investigate the presence of virus or any infectious agents in pulmonary MALT lymphoma by using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS).All lung samples were centrally reviewed. The t(11;18) (q21;q21) was evaluated by FISH analysis. The snap frozen large lung biopsies were analyzed by mNGS. After lung biopsies homogenization total nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) were extracted, amplified and classified according to their taxonomic assignment, after exclusion of host DNA.We included 13 samples from pulmonary MALT lymphoma (mean age: 60.3 years, 7 women, 3 with auto-immune background) and 10 controls. The diagnosis of MALT lymphoma was confirmed for the 13 samples, 3 showed API2-MALT1 translocation (23%). No evidence of the presence of a specific pathogen was clearly identified in the group of patients with pulmonary MALT lymphoma. We identifiedA. xylosoxidans sequence in 4/13 patients and in 4/10 controls.This study did not find evidence for a DNA or RNA virus, a fungi, a parasite or a bacteria associated with pulmonary MALT lymphoma either in the stroma or in tumor cells.

6.
Front Microbiol ; 11: 571328, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33101244

RESUMO

Global human health is increasingly challenged by emerging viral threats, especially those observed over the last 20 years with coronavirus-related human diseases, such as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). Recently, in late December 2019, a novel Betacoronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, originating from the Chinese city of Wuhan, emerged and was then identified as the causative agent of a new severe form of pneumonia, COVID-19. Real-time genome sequencing in such viral outbreaks is a key issue to confirm identification and characterization of the involved pathogen and to help establish public health measures. Here, we implemented an amplicon-based sequencing approach combined with easily deployable next-generation sequencers, the small and hand-held MinION sequencer and the latest most compact Illumina sequencer, the iSeq100TM system. Our results highlighted the great potential of the amplicon-based approach to obtain consensus genomes of SARS-CoV-2 from clinical samples in just a few hours. Both these mobile next-generation sequencers are proven to be efficient to obtain viral sequences and easy to implement, with a minimal laboratory environment requirement, providing useful opportunities in the field and in remote areas.

7.
PLoS Pathog ; 16(8): e1008822, 2020 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32866204

RESUMO

Shigella flexneri invades host cells by entering within a bacteria-containing vacuole (BCV). In order to establish its niche in the host cytosol, the bacterium ruptures its BCV. Contacts between S. flexneri BCV and infection-associated macropinosomes (IAMs) formed in situ have been reported to enhance BCV disintegration. The mechanism underlying S. flexneri vacuolar escape remains however obscure. To decipher the molecular mechanism priming the communication between the IAMs and S. flexneri BCV, we performed mass spectrometry-based analysis of the magnetically purified IAMs from S. flexneri-infected cells. While proteins involved in host recycling and exocytic pathways were significantly enriched at the IAMs, we demonstrate more precisely that the S. flexneri type III effector protein IpgD mediates the recruitment of the exocyst to the IAMs through the Rab8/Rab11 pathway. This recruitment results in IAM clustering around S. flexneri BCV. More importantly, we reveal that IAM clustering subsequently facilitates an IAM-mediated unwrapping of the ruptured vacuole membranes from S. flexneri, enabling the naked bacterium to be ready for intercellular spread via actin-based motility. Taken together, our work untangles the molecular cascade of S. flexneri-driven host trafficking subversion at IAMs to develop its cytosolic lifestyle, a crucial step en route for infection progression at cellular and tissue level.


Assuntos
Disenteria Bacilar , Shigella flexneri , Transdução de Sinais , Vacúolos , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Disenteria Bacilar/genética , Disenteria Bacilar/metabolismo , Células HeLa , Humanos , Shigella flexneri/genética , Shigella flexneri/metabolismo , Shigella flexneri/patogenicidade , Vacúolos/genética , Vacúolos/metabolismo , Vacúolos/microbiologia , Fatores de Virulência/genética , Fatores de Virulência/metabolismo , Proteínas rab de Ligação ao GTP/genética , Proteínas rab de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismo
8.
Transbound Emerg Dis ; 67(6): 2324-2328, 2020 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32500944

RESUMO

After its first description in Wuhan (China), SARS-CoV-2 the agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly spread worldwide. Previous studies suggested that pets could be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. Here, we investigated the putative infection by SARS-CoV-2 in 22 cats and 11 dogs from owners previously infected or suspected of being infected by SARS-CoV-2. For each animal, rectal, nasopharyngeal swabs and serum were taken. Swabs were submitted to RT-qPCR assays targeting 2 genes of SARS-CoV-2. All dogs were tested SARS-CoV-2 negative. One cat was tested positive by RT-qPCR on rectal swab. Nasopharyngeal swabs from this animal were tested negative. This cat showed mild respiratory and digestive signs. Serological analysis confirms the presence of antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 in both serum samples taken 10 days apart. Genome sequence analysis revealed that the cat SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the phylogenetic clade A2a like most of the French human SARS-CoV-2. This study reports for the first time the natural infection of a cat in France (near Paris) probably through their owners. There is currently no evidence that cats can spread COVID-19 and owners should not abandon their pets or compromise their welfare.


Assuntos
COVID-19/veterinária , Doenças do Gato/virologia , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Animais , COVID-19/virologia , Gatos , Feminino , França
9.
PLoS One ; 15(5): e0232585, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32374750

RESUMO

Neurotropic flavivirus Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are amongst the leading causes of encephalitis. Using label-free quantitative proteomics, we identified proteins differentially expressed upon JEV (gp-3, RP9) or WNV (IS98) infection of human neuroblastoma cells. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD016805. Both viruses were associated with the up-regulation of immune response (IFIT1/3/5, ISG15, OAS, STAT1, IRF9) and the down-regulation of SSBP2 and PAM, involved in gene expression and in neuropeptide amidation respectively. Proteins associated to membranes, involved in extracellular matrix organization and collagen metabolism represented major clusters down-regulated by JEV and WNV. Moreover, transcription regulation and mRNA processing clusters were also heavily regulated by both viruses. The proteome of neuroblastoma cells infected by JEV or WNV was significantly modulated in the presence of mosquito saliva, but distinct patterns were associated to each virus. Mosquito saliva favored modulation of proteins associated with gene regulation in JEV infected neuroblastoma cells while modulation of proteins associated with protein maturation, signal transduction and ion transporters was found in WNV infected neuroblastoma cells.


Assuntos
Culicidae/metabolismo , Encefalite Japonesa/metabolismo , Neurônios/patologia , Proteoma/metabolismo , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/metabolismo , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Culicidae/virologia , Vírus da Encefalite Japonesa (Subgrupo)/isolamento & purificação , Encefalite Japonesa/patologia , Encefalite Japonesa/virologia , Feminino , Humanos , Neurônios/metabolismo , Neurônios/virologia , Proteoma/análise , Saliva/metabolismo , Saliva/virologia , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/patologia , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/virologia , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental/isolamento & purificação
10.
Methods Mol Biol ; 2127: 339-358, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32112332

RESUMO

Integral membrane proteins are involved in numerous biological functions and represent important drug targets. Despite their abundance in the human proteome, the number of integral membrane protein structures is largely underrepresented in the Protein Data Bank. The challenges associated with the biophysical characterization of such biological systems are well known. Most structural approaches, including X-ray crystallography, SAXS, or mass spectrometry (MS), require the complete solubilization of membrane proteins in aqueous solutions. Detergents are frequently used for this task, but may interfere with the analysis, as is the case with MS. The use of "MS-friendly" detergents, such as non-ionic alkyl glycoside detergents, has greatly facilitated the analysis of detergent-solubilized membrane proteins. Here, we describe a protocol, which we have successfully implemented in our laboratory to study the structure and dynamics of detergent-solubilized integral membrane proteins by Hydrogen/Deuterium eXchange and Mass Spectrometry (HDX-MS). The procedure does not require detergent removal prior to MS analysis, instead taking advantage of the ultra-high pressure chromatographic system to separate deuterated peptides from "MS-friendly" detergents.


Assuntos
Medição da Troca de Deutério/métodos , Espectrometria de Massa com Troca Hidrogênio-Deutério/métodos , Proteínas de Membrana/química , Cristalografia por Raios X , Detergentes/química , Deutério/química , Medição da Troca de Deutério/instrumentação , Humanos , Espectrometria de Massa com Troca Hidrogênio-Deutério/instrumentação , Espectrometria de Massas , Proteínas de Membrana/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Moleculares , Conformação Proteica , Espalhamento a Baixo Ângulo , Solubilidade , Difração de Raios X
12.
PLoS Pathog ; 15(7): e1007945, 2019 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31356623

RESUMO

Metabolically quiescent pathogens can persist in a viable non-replicating state for months or even years. For certain infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, latent infection is a corollary of this dormant state, which has the risk for reactivation and clinical disease. During murine cryptococcosis and macrophage uptake, stress and host immunity induce Cryptococcus neoformans heterogeneity with the generation of a sub-population of yeasts that manifests a phenotype compatible with dormancy (low stress response, latency of growth). In this subpopulation, mitochondrial transcriptional activity is regulated and this phenotype has been considered as a hallmark of quiescence in stem cells. Based on these findings, we worked to reproduce this phenotype in vitro and then standardize the experimental conditions to consistently generate this dormancy in C. neoformans. We found that incubation of stationary phase yeasts (STAT) in nutriment limited conditions and hypoxia for 8 days (8D-HYPOx) was able to produced cells that mimic the phenotype obtained in vivo. In these conditions, mortality and/or apoptosis occurred in less than 5% of the yeasts compared to 30-40% of apoptotic or dead yeasts upon incubation in normoxia (8D-NORMOx). Yeasts in 8D-HYPOx harbored a lower stress response, delayed growth and less that 1% of culturability on agar plates, suggesting that these yeasts are viable but non culturable cells (VBNC). These VBNC were able to reactivate in the presence of pantothenic acid, a vitamin that is known to be involved in quorum sensing and a precursor of acetyl-CoA. Global metabolism of 8D-HYPOx cells showed some specific requirements and was globally shut down compared to 8D-NORMOx and STAT conditions. Mitochondrial analyses showed that the mitochondrial mass increased with mitochondria mostly depolarized in 8D-HYPOx compared to 8D-NORMox, with increased expression of mitochondrial genes. Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses of 8D-HYPOx revealed that the number of secreted proteins and transcripts detected also decreased compared to 8D-NORMOx and STAT, and the proteome, secretome and transcriptome harbored specific profiles that are engaged as soon as four days of incubation. Importantly, acetyl-CoA and the fatty acid pathway involving mitochondria are required for the generation and viability maintenance of VBNC. Altogether, these data show that we were able to generate for the first time VBNC phenotype in C. neoformans. This VBNC state is associated with a specific metabolism that should be further studied to understand dormancy/quiescence in this yeast.


Assuntos
Cryptococcus neoformans/fisiologia , Cryptococcus neoformans/patogenicidade , Animais , Criptococose/microbiologia , Cryptococcus neoformans/genética , Meios de Cultura , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Humanos , Camundongos , Viabilidade Microbiana , Mitocôndrias/genética , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Oxigênio/metabolismo , Ácido Pantotênico/farmacologia , Fenótipo , Transcriptoma
13.
Pathog Dis ; 76(8)2018 11 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30452651

RESUMO

The adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) is a multi-domain protein secreted by Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough. CyaA is involved in the early stages of respiratory tract colonization by Bordetella pertussis. CyaA is produced and acylated in the bacteria, and secreted via a dedicated secretion system. The cell intoxication process involves a unique mechanism of transport of the CyaA toxin catalytic domain (ACD) across the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Once translocated, ACD binds to and is activated by calmodulin and produces high amounts of cAMP, subverting the physiology of eukaryotic cells. Here, we review our work on the identification and characterization of a critical region of CyaA, the translocation region, required to deliver ACD into the cytosol of target cells. The translocation region contains a segment that exhibits membrane-active properties, i.e. is able to fold upon membrane interaction and permeabilize lipid bilayers. We proposed that this region is required to locally destabilize the membrane, decreasing the energy required for ACD translocation. To further study the translocation process, we developed a tethered bilayer lipid membrane (tBLM) design that recapitulate the ACD transport across a membrane separating two hermetic compartments. We showed that ACD translocation is critically dependent on calcium, membrane potential, CyaA acylation and on the presence of calmodulin in the trans compartment. Finally, we describe how calmodulin-binding triggers key conformational changes in ACD, leading to its activation and production of supraphysiological concentrations of cAMP.


Assuntos
Toxina Adenilato Ciclase/metabolismo , Bordetella pertussis/metabolismo , Calmodulina/metabolismo , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Acilação , Toxina Adenilato Ciclase/química , Cálcio/metabolismo , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Células Eucarióticas , Humanos , Potenciais da Membrana , Permeabilidade , Ligação Proteica , Conformação Proteica , Dobramento de Proteína , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional , Transporte Proteico
14.
Toxicon ; 149: 37-44, 2018 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29337218

RESUMO

The adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) plays an essential role in the early stages of respiratory tract colonization by Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough. Once secreted, CyaA invades eukaryotic cells, leading to cell death. The cell intoxication process involves a unique mechanism of translocation of the CyaA catalytic domain directly across the plasma membrane of the target cell. Herein, we review our recent results describing how calcium is involved in several steps of this intoxication process. In conditions mimicking the low calcium environment of the crowded bacterial cytosol, we show that the C-terminal, calcium-binding Repeat-in-ToXin (RTX) domain of CyaA, RD, is an extended, intrinsically disordered polypeptide chain with a significant level of local, secondary structure elements, appropriately sized for transport through the narrow channel of the secretion system. Upon secretion, the high calcium concentration in the extracellular milieu induces the refolding of RD, which likely acts as a scaffold to favor the refolding of the upstream domains of the full-length protein. Due to the presence of hydrophobic regions, CyaA is prone to aggregate into multimeric forms in vitro, in the absence of a chaotropic agent. We have recently defined the experimental conditions required for CyaA folding, comprising both calcium binding and molecular confinement. These parameters are critical for CyaA folding into a stable, monomeric and functional form. The monomeric, calcium-loaded (holo) toxin exhibits efficient liposome permeabilization and hemolytic activities in vitro, even in a fully calcium-free environment. By contrast, the toxin requires sub-millimolar calcium concentrations in solution to translocate its catalytic domain across the plasma membrane, indicating that free calcium in solution is actively involved in the CyaA toxin translocation process. Overall, this data demonstrates the remarkable adaptation of bacterial RTX toxins to the diversity of calcium concentrations it is exposed to in the successive environments encountered in the course of the intoxication process.


Assuntos
Toxina Adenilato Ciclase/química , Cálcio/química , Modelos Biológicos , Coqueluche/microbiologia , Toxina Adenilato Ciclase/metabolismo , Bordetella pertussis , Células Eucarióticas/microbiologia , Domínios Proteicos , Dobramento de Proteína , Sistemas de Translocação de Proteínas , Transporte Proteico
15.
PLoS Biol ; 15(12): e2004486, 2017 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29287065

RESUMO

Once translocated into the cytosol of target cells, the catalytic domain (AC) of the adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA), a major virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis, is potently activated by binding calmodulin (CaM) to produce supraphysiological levels of cAMP, inducing cell death. Using a combination of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), and synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SR-CD), we show that, in the absence of CaM, AC exhibits significant structural disorder, and a 75-residue-long stretch within AC undergoes a disorder-to-order transition upon CaM binding. Beyond this local folding, CaM binding induces long-range allosteric effects that stabilize the distant catalytic site, whilst preserving catalytic loop flexibility. We propose that the high enzymatic activity of AC is due to a tight balance between the CaM-induced decrease of structural flexibility around the catalytic site and the preservation of catalytic loop flexibility, allowing for fast substrate binding and product release. The CaM-induced dampening of AC conformational disorder is likely relevant to other CaM-activated enzymes.


Assuntos
Toxina Adenilato Ciclase/química , Bordetella pertussis/química , Calmodulina/química , Toxina Adenilato Ciclase/metabolismo , Toxina Adenilato Ciclase/fisiologia , Bordetella pertussis/patogenicidade , Sinalização do Cálcio , Calmodulina/metabolismo , Calmodulina/fisiologia , Catálise , Domínio Catalítico , Dicroísmo Circular , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Medição da Troca de Deutério , Espectrometria de Massas , Modelos Moleculares , Ligação Proteica , Conformação Proteica , Espalhamento a Baixo Ângulo , Síncrotrons
16.
PLoS Pathog ; 13(10): e1006697, 2017 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29084252

RESUMO

At the crossroad between the NF-κB and the MAPK pathways, the ternary complex composed of p105, ABIN2 and TPL2 is essential for the host cell response to pathogens. The matrix protein (M) of field isolates of rabies virus was previously shown to disturb the signaling induced by RelAp43, a NF-κB protein close to RelA/p65. Here, we investigated how the M protein disturbs the NF-κB pathway in a RelAp43-dependant manner and the potential involvement of the ternary complex in this mechanism. Using a tandem affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry approach, we show that RelAp43 interacts with the p105-ABIN2-TPL2 complex and we observe a strong perturbation of this complex in presence of M protein. M protein interaction with RelAp43 is associated with a wide disturbance of NF-κB signaling, involving a modulation of IκBα-, IκBß-, and IκBε-RelAp43 interaction and a favored interaction of RelAp43 with the non-canonical pathway (RelB and p100/p52). Monitoring the interactions between host and viral proteins using protein-fragment complementation assay and bioluminescent resonance energy transfer, we further show that RelAp43 is associated to the p105-ABIN2-TPL2 complex as RelAp43-p105 interaction stabilizes the formation of a complex with ABIN2 and TPL2. Interestingly, the M protein interacts not only with RelAp43 but also with TPL2 and ABIN2. Upon interaction with this complex, M protein promotes the release of ABIN2, which ultimately favors the production of RelAp43-p50 NF-κB dimers. The use of recombinant rabies viruses further indicates that this mechanism leads to the control of IFNß, TNF and CXCL2 expression during the infection and a high pathogenicity profile in rabies virus infected mice. All together, our results demonstrate the important role of RelAp43 and M protein in the regulation of NF-κB signaling.


Assuntos
Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/metabolismo , MAP Quinase Quinase Quinases/metabolismo , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , Complexos Multiproteicos/metabolismo , Subunidade p50 de NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Vírus da Raiva/metabolismo , Raiva/metabolismo , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/genética , Células HEK293 , Células HeLa , Humanos , MAP Quinase Quinase Quinases/genética , Complexos Multiproteicos/genética , Subunidade p50 de NF-kappa B/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Raiva/genética , Vírus da Raiva/genética , Fator de Transcrição RelA/genética , Fator de Transcrição RelA/metabolismo , Proteínas Virais/genética , Proteínas Virais/metabolismo
17.
Front Microbiol ; 8: 1215, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28713344

RESUMO

Veillonella parvula is a biofilm-forming commensal found in the lungs, vagina, mouth, and gastro-intestinal tract of humans, yet it may develop into an opportunistic pathogen. Furthermore, the presence of Veillonella has been associated with the development of a healthy immune system in infants. Veillonella belongs to the Negativicutes, a diverse clade of bacteria that represent an evolutionary enigma: they phylogenetically belong to Gram-positive (monoderm) Firmicutes yet maintain an outer membrane (OM) with lipopolysaccharide similar to classic Gram-negative (diderm) bacteria. The OMs of Negativicutes have unique characteristics including the replacement of Braun's lipoprotein by OmpM for tethering the OM to the peptidoglycan. Through phylogenomic analysis, we have recently provided bioinformatic annotation of the Negativicutes diderm cell envelope. We showed that it is a unique type of envelope that was present in the ancestor of present-day Firmicutes and lost multiple times independently in this phylum, giving rise to the monoderm architecture; however, little experimental data is presently available for any Negativicutes cell envelope. Here, we performed the first experimental proteomic characterization of the cell envelope of a diderm Firmicute, producing an OM proteome of V. parvula. We initially conducted a thorough bioinformatics analysis of all 1,844 predicted proteins from V. parvula DSM 2008's genome using 12 different localization prediction programs. These results were complemented by protein extraction with surface exposed (SE) protein tags and by subcellular fractionation, both of which were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The merging of proteomics and bioinformatics results allowed identification of 78 OM proteins. These include a number of receptors for TonB-dependent transport, the main component of the BAM system for OM protein biogenesis (BamA), the Lpt system component LptD, which is responsible for insertion of LPS into the OM, and several copies of the major OmpM protein. The annotation of V. parvula's OM proteome markedly extends previous inferences on the nature of the cell envelope of Negativicutes, including the experimental evidence of a BAM/TAM system for OM protein biogenesis and of a complete Lpt system for LPS transport to the OM. It also provides important information on the role of OM components in the lifestyle of Veillonella, such as a possible gene cluster for O-antigen synthesis and a large number of adhesins. Finally, many OM hypothetical proteins were identified, which are priority targets for further characterization.

18.
J Biol Chem ; 292(1): 328-338, 2017 Jan 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27903652

RESUMO

Members of a group of multimeric secretion pores that assemble independently of any known membrane-embedded insertase in Gram-negative bacteria fold into a prepore before membrane-insertion occurs. The mechanisms and the energetics that drive the folding of these proteins are poorly understood. Here, equilibrium unfolding and hydrogen/deuterium exchange monitored by mass spectrometry indicated that a loss of 4-5 kJ/mol/protomer in the N3 domain that is peripheral to the membrane-spanning C domain in the dodecameric secretin PulD, the founding member of this class, prevents pore formation by destabilizing the prepore into a poorly structured dodecamer as visualized by electron microscopy. Formation of native PulD-multimers by mixing protomers that differ in N3 domain stability, suggested that the N3 domain forms a thermodynamic seal onto the prepore. This highlights the role of modest free energy changes in the folding of pre-integration forms of a hyperstable outer membrane complex and reveals a key driving force for assembly independently of the ß-barrel assembly machinery.


Assuntos
Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/química , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/metabolismo , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/química , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Proteínas Mutantes/química , Proteínas Mutantes/metabolismo , Dobramento de Proteína , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/genética , Escherichia coli/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Mutagênese Sítio-Dirigida , Proteínas Mutantes/genética , Mutação/genética , Ligação Proteica , Conformação Proteica , Multimerização Proteica , Estabilidade Proteica , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos
19.
Bioinformatics ; 32(22): 3413-3419, 2016 11 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27412089

RESUMO

MOTIVATION: With the continued improvement of requisite mass spectrometers and UHPLC systems, Hydrogen/Deuterium eXchange Mass Spectrometry (HDX-MS) workflows are rapidly evolving towards the investigation of more challenging biological systems, including large protein complexes and membrane proteins. The analysis of such extensive systems results in very large HDX-MS datasets for which specific analysis tools are required to speed up data validation and interpretation. RESULTS: We introduce a web application and a new R-package named 'MEMHDX' to help users analyze, validate and visualize large HDX-MS datasets. MEMHDX is composed of two elements. A statistical tool aids in the validation of the results by applying a mixed-effects model for each peptide, in each experimental condition, and at each time point, taking into account the time dependency of the HDX reaction and number of independent replicates. Two adjusted P-values are generated per peptide, one for the 'Change in dynamics' and one for the 'Magnitude of ΔD', and are used to classify the data by means of a 'Logit' representation. A user-friendly interface developed with Shiny by RStudio facilitates the use of the package. This interactive tool allows the user to easily and rapidly validate, visualize and compare the relative deuterium incorporation on the amino acid sequence and 3D structure, providing both spatial and temporal information. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: MEMHDX is freely available as a web tool at the project home page http://memhdx.c3bi.pasteur.fr CONTACT: marie-agnes.dillies@pasteur.fr or sebastien.brier@pasteur.frSupplementary information: Supplementary data is available at Bioinformatics online.


Assuntos
Deutério , Hidrogênio , Conjuntos de Dados como Assunto , Medição da Troca de Deutério , Espectrometria de Massas , Software
20.
Sci Rep ; 5: 14223, 2015 Sep 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26374675

RESUMO

Many Gram-negative bacteria use Type I secretion systems, T1SS, to secrete virulence factors that contain calcium-binding Repeat-in-ToXin (RTX) motifs. Here, we present structural models of an RTX protein, RD, in both its intrinsically disordered calcium-free Apo-state and its folded calcium-bound Holo-state. Apo-RD behaves as a disordered polymer chain comprising several statistical elements that exhibit local rigidity with residual secondary structure. Holo-RD is a folded multi-domain protein with an anisometric shape. RTX motifs thus appear remarkably adapted to the structural and mechanistic constraints of the secretion process. In the low calcium environment of the bacterial cytosol, Apo-RD is an elongated disordered coil appropriately sized for transport through the narrow secretion machinery. The progressive folding of Holo-RD in the extracellular calcium-rich environment as it emerges form the T1SS may then favor its unidirectional export through the secretory channel. This process is relevant for hundreds of bacterial species producing virulent RTX proteins.


Assuntos
Cálcio/metabolismo , Proteínas Intrinsicamente Desordenadas/química , Proteínas Intrinsicamente Desordenadas/metabolismo , Modelos Moleculares , Conformação Proteica , Dobramento de Proteína , Proteínas/química , Proteínas/metabolismo , Ligação Proteica , Domínios e Motivos de Interação entre Proteínas , Estrutura Secundária de Proteína
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