Forgiveness and friendship protect adolescent victims of bullying from emotional maladjustment / El perdón y la amistad protegen a los adolescentes víctimas de acoso escolar de la inadaptación emocional

BACKGROUND: Adolescent victims of bullying often present high levels of maladjustment, such as depression, anxiety, and the inability to manage anger. Both forgiveness and friendship have been found to be moderating agents for the debilitating psychological effects seen in the victims of bullying. Our aim was to explore the roles of forgiveness and friendship in the psychological adjustment of victimised youths. METHOD: The sample was composed of 2,105 adolescents (age range 13-20) recruited from central and southern Italy. We collected information on bullying, forgiveness, friendship, depression, anxiety and anger. RESULTS: We found that more victimisation and not having a best friend had an additive effect on maladjustment. Moreover, adolescents who scored lower in forgiveness were more likely to be depressed and angry. DISCUSSION: Our data provide confirmation that forgiveness is a protective factor for Italian adolescents, as is friendship, although they do not operate as interactive protective factors. Given that forgiveness is so significantly associated with wellbeing and the fact that it can be taught and enhanced in both clinical and school settings, it would be worthwhile to include work on forgiveness in prevention and treatment programmes

ANTECEDENTES: los adolescentes víctimas de acoso escolar presentan a menudo niveles altos de depresión y de ansiedad y problemas en el manejo de la ira. Se ha observado que tanto el perdón como la amistad funcionan como moderadores de los efectos psicológicos del acoso. Nuestro objetivo fue explorar las funciones del perdón y la amistad en la adaptación de jóvenes víctimas de acoso escolar. MÉTODO: se han utilizado datos sobre el acoso, el perdón, la amistad, la depresión y la ira de una muestra de 2.015 adolescentes, de entre 13 y 20 años, de centros de educación de Italia centro-meridional. RESULTADOS: se encuentra que el perdón y no tener un amigo afectan a la inadaptación de forma aditiva. Además, los adolescentes con puntuaciones bajas en perdón tienden a deprimirse y enfadarse. CONCLUSIONES: nuestros datos confirman que tanto el perdón como la amistad funcionan como factores de protección para los adolescentes italianos, aunque no de forma interactiva. Dada la importancia del perdón para el bienestar y puesto que se puede enseñar y potenciar en escuelas y fuera de ellas, conviene incluir el perdón en programas de prevención y tratamiento

Bullying and the detrimental role of un-forgiveness in adolescent´s wellbeing / Acoso escolar y el papel perjudicial del no-perdón en el bienestar de los adolescentes

BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown that victimisation by bullies is linked with psychopathology. Research has also demonstrated that forgiveness is associated with the mental health of victims of bullying. METHOD: Our objective was to explore the multiple components of forgiveness (i.e., benevolence, decreased avoidance of the perpetrator and diminished desire for revenge) as mediators of the negative mental health effects of bullying in Italian adolescents. Our hypothesis was that those who forgive their bullies would show lower levels of depression, state anger, and behaviour problems than those who did not forgive. Participants were 319 students ages 14 to 22 from two schools in Southern Italy who completed five self-report questionnaires measuring levels of victimisation, forgiveness, depression, anger, and total behaviour problems. RESULTS: The results varied according to the components of forgiveness: although benevolence toward the victim was not a significant correlate of outcome, harbouring a desire for revenge and avoiding the perpetrator emerged as very maladaptive. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that is it important for those working with adolescents to help victims of bullying overcome the negative mental health effects of the victimisation by letting go of un-forgiveness

ANTECEDENTES: el vínculo entre la victimización por matones y la psicopatología ha sido bien establecido. En muchos estudios el perdón ha sido asociado con una mejor salud mental para víctimas de acoso. MÉTODO: nuestro objetivo era explorar los múltiples componentes del perdón (es decir, la benevolencia, la disminución de la evitación del perpetrador y el deseo disminuido de venganza) como mediadores de los efectos negativos de la intimidación sobre la salud mental de los adolescentes italianos. Nuestra hipótesis era que quienes perdonan a sus matones muestran menores niveles de depresión, ira-estado y más problemas de comportamiento. Los participantes fueron 319 estudiantes, de edades entre 14 y 22, de dos escuelas del sur de Italia que completaron cinco cuestionarios de auto-informe midiendo los niveles de victimización, perdón, depresión, ira y problemas de comportamiento. RESULTADOS: mientras que la benevolencia hacia la víctima no se relacionó significativamente con el resultado, albergar un deseo de venganza y evitar la víctima emergieron como muy mal adaptativos. CONCLUSIONES: nuestro estudio indica que es importante que quienes trabajan con adolescentes ayuden a las víctimas de acoso a superar los negativos efectos sobre la salud mental de la victimización por dejar ir el no-perdón

Bullying and the detrimental role of un-forgiveness in adolescents' wellbeing.

BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown that victimisation by bullies is linked with psychopathology. Research has also demonstrated that forgiveness is associated with the mental health of victims of bullying. METHOD: Our objective was to explore the multiple components of forgiveness (i.e., benevolence, decreased avoidance of the perpetrator and diminished desire for revenge) as mediators of the negative mental health effects of bullying in Italian adolescents. Our hypothesis was that those who forgive their bullies would show lower levels of depression, state anger, and behaviour problems than those who did not forgive. Participants were 319 students ages 14 to 22 from two schools in Southern Italy who completed five self-report questionnaires measuring levels of victimisation, forgiveness, depression, anger, and total behaviour problems. RESULTS: The results varied according to the components of forgiveness: although benevolence toward the victim was not a significant correlate of outcome, harbouring a desire for revenge and avoiding the perpetrator emerged as very maladaptive. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that is it important for those working with adolescents to help victims of bullying overcome the negative mental health effects of the victimisation by letting go of un-forgiveness.