Berry anthocyanins prevent α-dicarbonyls and advanced glycation end product formation in phosphate-buffered saline-based model systems, cookie and ground pork.

α-Dicarbonyls and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are the heat-induced potential toxicants commonly found in thermally processed foods due to the Maillard reaction. Research has shown that both α-dicarbonyls and AGEs can cause oxidative stress and inflammation and have a positive link with several chronic diseases, such as diabetes. This study found that commonly consumed berry fruits exhibited excellent methylglyoxal (MGO)-trapping and antiglycative activities, positively associated with their total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Blackcurrant exhibited the strongest MGO-trapping and antiglycative activities among the tested berry fruits. In addition, we demonstrated that fortification with blackcurrant significantly reduced α-dicarbonyls and AGEs formation in the chocolate cookies and marinated ground pork. Delphinidin and cyanidin glycosides were identified as the primary bioactive compounds of blackcurrant that trapped MGO to form the corresponding mono- and di-MGO adducts. This study suggested that blackcurrant anthocyanins might serve as a novel additive to reduce the consumption of dietary reactive carbonyl species and AGEs from both animal- and plant-derived processed foods. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The levels of α-dicarbonyls and advanced glycation end products in ground pork and cookies were significantly reduced when fortified with blackcurrant. The blackcurrant anthocyanins might be a novel agent inhibiting α-dicarbonyls and dietary advanced glycation end products formation in thermally processed foods.

Optimizing Dental Bond Strength: Insights from Comprehensive Literature Review and Future Implications for Clinical Practice.

This review examines the modifying factors affecting bond strength in various bonding scenarios, particularly their relevance to the longevity of dental restorations. Understanding these factors is crucial for improving clinical outcomes in dentistry. Data were gathered from the PubMed database, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar resources, covering studies from 1992 to 2022. The findings suggest that for dentin-resin bonds, minimizing smear layers and utilizing MMP inhibitors to prevent hybrid layer degradation are essential. In the case of resin-resin bonds, reversing blood contamination is possible, but preventing saliva contamination is more challenging, underscoring its critical importance during clinical procedures. Additionally, while pretreatment on ceramics has minimal impact on bond strength, the influence of specific colorings should be carefully considered in treatment planning. This comprehensive review highlights that although established practices recognize significant bond strength factors, ongoing research provides valuable insights to enhance the clinical experience for patients. Once confirmed through rigorous experimentation, these emerging findings should be swiftly integrated into dental practice to improve patient outcomes.

Association between MMP/TIMP Levels in the Aqueous Humor and Plasma with Axial Lengths in Myopia Patients.

PURPOSE: The present study investigated the profiles of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) of the aqueous humor (AH) and plasma (PL) in myopia patients, to determine whether there was an association between these levels with their axial length (AL) and to investigate if MMPs/TIMPs were regulated locally or systemically. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Thirty-nine patients (78 eyes) diagnosed with high myopia were recruited. The AL was measured using IOL Master. And the patients were divided into three groups based on their AL, Group A (AL ≤ 26 mm), Group B (26 < AL ≤ 28 mm), and Group C (AL > 28 mm). The AH in both eyes and blood samples were collected before the patients underwent implantable collamer lens surgery. In all, 78 samples of the AH and 39 samples of the PL were analyzed using MILLIPLEX map assays, followed by statistical analyses of the results. RESULTS: There were 8 patients (16 eyes) in Group A, 22 patients (44 eyes) in Group B, and 9 patients (18 eyes) in Group C. MMP-1 (p = 0.014, Β = 0.118), MMP-2 (p ≤ 0.001, Β = 0.278), MMP-9 (p ≤ 0.001, Β = 0.019), and TIMP-1 (p = 0.014, Β = 0.062) in the AH were positively associated with the AL. MMP-1 (p = 0.004, Β = 0.001) and TIMP-1 (p = 0.030, Β = 1.171) concentrations in the PL increased linearly with longer ALs. No concentration-dependent relationship was found between MMP-2 in the PL and AL. CONCLUSIONS: There was a consistent relationship between MMP-2 in the AH and AL. AL was not consistently or substantially affected by MMP-2 in the PL, indicating myopia formation was possibly a localized process. Associations among MMP-1, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 in the AH and AL were also observed.