Particle release transport in Danshuei River estuarine system and adjacent coastal ocean: a modeling assessment.

A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model was created to study the Danshuei River estuarine system and adjacent coastal ocean in Taiwan. The model was verified using measurements of the time-series water surface elevation, tidal current, and salinity from 1999. We conclude that our model is consistent with these observations. Our particle-tracking model was also used to explore the transport of particles released from the Hsin-Hai Bridge, an area that is heavily polluted. The results suggest that it takes a much longer time for the estuary to be flushed out under low freshwater discharge conditions than with high freshwater discharge. We conclude that the northeast and southwest winds minimally impact particle dispersion in the estuary. The particles fail to settle to the bottom in the absence of density-induced circulation. Our model was also used to simulate the ocean outfall at the Bali. Our experimental results suggest that the tidal current dominates the particle trajectories and influences the transport properties in the absence of a wind stress condition. The particles tend to move northeast or southwest along the coast when northeast or southwest winds prevail. Our data suggest that wind-driven currents and tidal currents play important roles in water movement as linked with ocean outfall in the context of the Danshuei River.

Simulation of water quality and plankton dynamics in the Danshuei River estuary, Taiwan.

An ecosystem model was developed to simulate the water quality and plankton dynamics in the Danshuei River estuary, Taiwan. The model simulates the hydrodynamics with a laterally integrated 2-dimensional intratidal numerical model, which supplies the physical transport processes for simulation of water quality and plankton state variables. The application of the model to the Danshuei River estuary indicates that the point source loadings are mainly responsible for the degraded water quality and very high nutrient concentrations in the estuary. The impacts of wastewater discharges are tightly controlled by the transport processes. Frequent occurrence of high river flow and flood events rapidly cleanses the estuary by flushing out both pollutants and plankton populations. The plankton is allowed to grow to significant populations if low river flow lasts for a period much longer than the biological time scale.

Water quality modeling to determine minimum instream flow for fish survival in tidal rivers.

The Hsintien Stream is one of the major branches of the Danshuei River system, which runs through the metropolitan capital city of Taipei, Taiwan and receives a large amount of wastewater. The dissolved oxygen concentration is generally low in the tidal portion of the Hsintien Stream. Hypoxia/anoxia occurs often, particularly during the low-flow period when the Feitsui Reservoir, Chingtan Dam and Chihtan Dam impound the freshwater for municipal water supply. Fish kills happen from time to time. This paper describes the application of a numerical hydrodynamic and water quality model to the Danshuei River system, with special attention to the tidal portion of the Hsintien Stream. The model is recalibrated with the prototype conditions of the year 2000. The hydrodynamic portion of the model is recalibrated with measured surface elevation and velocity at various stations in the river system. The water quality portion of the model is recalibrated with respect to the field data provided by Taiwan EPA. The input data of point and nonpoint sources are also estimated. The model simulates the concentrations of various forms of nutrients, CBOD and dissolved oxygen. A series of sensitivity runs was conducted to investigate the effects of point source loadings and river flow on the DO level in the river. It is demonstrated that the augmentation of river flow has as much effect on raising DO level as the reduction of point source loadings. The completion of the Taipei sewer project is expected to reduce the point source loadings by at least 75%. Under these reduced loadings, if the daily instream flow is maintained above the monthly Q75 flow throughout the year, the minimum DO concentration in the river would not fall below 1mg/L, which is the suffocation level for most fish species in the Hsintien Stream. (Q75 is the flow which is equaled or exceeded 75% of the days in the month.) The Feitsui Reservoir, Chingtan Dam and Chihtan Dam may impound water during the high flow periods and release freshwater to maintain the flow at the Q75 value in the Hsintien Stream during the drought periods.

Modelling of hydrodynamics and cohesive sediment transport in Tanshui River estuarine system, Taiwan.

A laterally averaged two-dimensional numerical model is used to simulate hydrodynamics and cohesive sediment transport in the Tanshui River estuarine system. The model handles tributaries as well as the main stem of the estuarine system. Observed time series of salinity data and tidally averaged salinity distributions have been compared with model results to calibrate the turbulent diffusion coefficients. The overall model verification is achieved with comparisons of residual currents and salinity distribution. The model reproduces the prototype water surface elevation, currents and salinity distributions. Comparisons of the suspended cohesive sediment concentrations calculated by the numerical model and the field data at various stations show good agreement. The validated model is applied to investigate the tidally averaged salinity distributions, residual circulation and suspended sediment concentration under low flow conditions in the Tanshui River estuarine system. The model results show that the limit of salt intrusion in the mainstem estuary is located at Hsin-Hai bridge in Tahan Stream, 26 km from the River mouth under Q75 flow. The null point is located at the head of salt intrusion, using 1 ppt isohaline as an indicator. The tidally averaged sediment concentration distribution exhibits a local maximum around the null point.