Effectiveness of Chewing Gum on Nausea and Vomiting Following Postprocedure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of chewing gum in reducing postprocedure nausea and vomiting. DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed on MEDLINE Complete, EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, Academic Search Complete, and Cochrane Library databases from their inception to October 2, 2022. Methodological quality was assessed using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool for randomized trials. A meta-analysis was performed using a fixed-effects model to calculate pooled effects with Review Manager 5.4.1. FINDINGS: Twelve randomized trials encompassing 1,458 participants were pooled. The chewing gum intervention was effective in reducing vomiting (P = .007; risk ratio = 0.55; 95% Cl = 0.35-0.85), but not nausea (P = .14; risk ratio = 0.84; 95% Cl = 0.66-1.06). Thirty-minute sessions of gum chewing were significantly more effective in reducing vomiting than 15-minute sessions (P = .04; risk ratio = 0.31; 95% Cl = 0.1-0.93). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that repeated gum chewing sessions of at least 30 minutes may act as a nonpharmacological intervention for reducing vomiting. However, further studies are necessary to determine the outcomes of chewing gum interventions.

Outcomes of trauma-informed care on the psychological health of women experiencing intimate partner violence: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Women are more likely to experience intimate partner violence (IPV) than men; 19.2%-69.0% of women have experienced IPV, and the percentage is increasing. Survivors of IPV suffer from physical, psychological, social and reproductive health problems and numerous adverse health consequences such as post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety. These are considered IPV comorbidities, especially among women. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This study reviews and reinforces existing scientific knowledge regarding the application of trauma-informed care (TIC), including intervention content or type, frequency, duration of session and length. This study focused on the effects of TIC. Furthermore, it examines short-term (3 months) and medium-term (6 months) outcome effects, which are more significant for clinical practice. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Development of a standardized protocol to address specific needs for TIC in IPV care settings. Among multidisciplinary teams, nurses are the ideal professionals to support women experiencing IPV. They can understand their traumatic experiences better, improve their therapeutic relationships and engage patients in collaborative care. ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety are considered intimate partner violence (IPV) comorbidities, especially among women. Trauma-informed care (TIC) is the most common element of IPV care. AIM: This study analysed the short-term (3 months) and medium-term (6 months) outcomes of TIC on PTSD, depression and anxiety in women experiencing IPV. METHOD: The Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were followed, and databases were searched from their inception to September 2022. RESULTS: Thirteen randomized controlled trials included 850 women randomly assigned to the TIC and usual care groups. Overall, TIC showed a superior psychological health-improving effect. Depression and anxiety significantly improved after treatment and at three and 6 months. No difference was observed in PTSD between the two groups at 3 and 6 months. DISCUSSION: The growing evidence demonstrates that the lack of IPV intervention effects reported by reviews may be due to the attributes of PTSD, heterogeneity of TIC intervention design and components of TIC. Therefore, its clinical efficacy remains inconclusive. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: We analysed studies by stratifying intervention frequencies of once or twice a week. Regardless of the intervention frequency, length and design, PTSD decreased immediately after the TIC intervention. However, a significant difference in depression was observed after a TIC intervention of above 9 weeks.

Effectiveness of integrated care for elderly patients with hip fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Hip fractures in the elderly often cause many complications after surgery. Although ample evidence shows that integrated care can effectively improve postoperative conditions, the effectiveness of specific interventions remains inconsistent across studies. This study was conducted following the Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The database was from November 1998 to July 2022. Twelve studies (3,010 participants) implemented integrated care for elderly patients with hip fractures. Overall, integrated care improved Activities of Daily Living (ADL) levels within 6 months, at 12 months, Quality of Life (QoL) at 6 months, and decreased Length of Stay (LOS) and mortality rate at 3 months. At least 3 months of integrated care intervention for hip fractures in the elderly to reduce patient complications and medical costs, can be used as a reference for future policies and clinical care.

Capillary electrophoresis-laser-induced fluorescence detection of rat brain catecholamines with microwave-assisted derivatization.

In this study, a rapid and sensitive method is described for the catecholamines detection in rat brain. CE with LIF detection for the determination of FITC derivatized catecholamines (dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine) was demonstrated. Conventional water bath and microwave-assisted derivatization methods were employed and a significant reduction in the derivatization time from 2 h for the conventional water bath at room temperature (ca. 25°C) to 2 min for the microwave-assisted derivatization was achieved. Online sample concentration of field-amplified sample stacking (FASS) method was employed to achieve higher sensitivities (the detection limits obtained in the normal injection mode ranged from 2.6 to 4.5 ng L⁻¹ and in the FASS mode ranged from 22 to 34 pg L⁻¹). Furthermore, this microwave-assisted derivatization CE-LIF method successfully determined catecholamines in rat brain with as low as 100 ng L⁻¹ (FASS mode) to 10 µg L⁻¹ (normal injection mode). This CE-LIF method provided better detection ability when compared to the best reports on catecholamines analyses.

Poly[[µ-1,4-bis-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)benzene-κN:N']di-µ-bromido-cadmium].

In the title coordination polymer, [CdBr(2)(C(12)H(12)N(2)O(2))](n), the Cd(II) ion, situated on an inversion centre, is coordinated by four bridging Br atoms and two N atoms from two 1,4-bis-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)benzene (L) ligands in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. The L ligand, which also lies across an inversion centre, bridges two Cd(II) ions, forming layers parallel to (010).

Poly(divinylbenzene-alkyl methacrylate) monolithic stationary phases in capillary electrochromatography.

In this study, a series of poly(divinylbenzene-alkyl methacrylate) monolithic stationary phases, which were prepared by single step in situ polymerization of divinylbenzene and various alkyl methacrylates (butyl-, octyl-, or lauryl-methacrylate), were developed as separation columns of benzophenone compounds for capillary electrochromatography (CEC). In addition to the presence of plenty of benzene moieties, the stationary phases contained long and flexible alkyl groups on the surface. With an increase in the molecular length of alkyl methacrylate, the polymeric monolith, which had higher hydrophobicity, effectively reduced the peak tailing of benzophenones, but a weaker retention was observed. The unusual phenomenon was likely due to the pi-pi interaction between the aromatic compound and the polymeric material. The usage of longer alkyl methacrylate as reaction monomer limited the retention of aromatic compounds on the stationary phase surface, thus the pi-pi interaction between them was possibly reduced. Consequently, the retention time of aromatic compounds was markedly decreased with an increase in carbon length of alkyl methacrylate that was carried on the polymeric monolith. Compared to previous reports on polystyrene-based columns in which the peak-tailing problem was reduced by decreasing the benzene moieties on the stationary phase, this study demonstrated that the undesirable retention (peak-tailing) could also be improved by the inclusion of long alkyl methacrylate to the polystyrene-based columns.

Determination of melamine and related triazine by-products ammeline, ammelide, and cyanuric acid by micellar electrokinetic chromatography.

In this study, micellar electrokinetic chromatographic (MEKC) methods were developed for the detection of traces of melamine and its related by-products (ammeline, ammelide, and cyanuric acid). Two on-line sample concentration steps namely reversed electrode polarity stacking mode (REPSM) and cation-selective injection (CSI) were used for improving the detection sensitivity. For REPSM, a borate-NaOH buffer (pH 10, 35 mM) composed of 60 mM SDS and 10% (v/v) methanol, was used as carrier electrolyte, and samples were prepared in an aqueous solution of 10 mM NaOH. In CSI, a phosphate buffer (pH 2, 50 mM) containing 41 mM SDS was used as the carrier electrolyte, and samples were prepared with an aqueous solution of 10 mM NaOH and a phosphate buffer (pH 2.0, 25 mM) in a volume ratio of 1:9. The results indicated that REPSM enhanced all analyte signals except for melamine, which could be concentrated only by the CSI. The detection limit was reduced from 1.7 mg L(-1) to 2.8 microg L(-1) for melamine by the optimal CSI step, and from 0.23-1.2 mg L(-1) to 2.4-5.0 microg L(-1) for the other three analytes by the optimal REPSM step. Tableware made of melamine and samples of flour were used as test samples, and the results indicated that the proposed MEKC methods can successfully determine contaminations from melamine. The study also indicated that when the plastic made of melamine was exposed only once to an acidic solution (acetic or phosphoric acid) at 80 degrees C for 30 min, melamine continuously leached out from the test sample even without any further treatment with an acidic solution.

A novel cyclometalated dimeric iridium complex, [(dfpbo)2Ir]2 [dfpbo = 2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)benzoxazolato-N,C2'], containing an unsupported Ir(II)-Ir(II) bond.

An unusual iridium complex, [(dfpbo)(2)Ir](2) [dfpbo = 2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)benzoxazolato-N,C(2')], which is the first dimeric iridium complex composed of two bis-cyclometalated Ir(II) structures connected by an unsupported Ir(II)-Ir(II) bond, has been synthesized and fully characterized. Under mild conditions of neutral pH at room temperature, this complex dissociated spontaneously to form the stable radical [Ir(dfpbo)(2)]*.