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1.
J Agric Food Chem ; 71(14): 5721-5732, 2023 Apr 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36971230

RESUMO

Safety issues of the controversial anthraquinones from Cassia obtusifolia seed water extracts (CWEs) limit its application. This work aimed to remove the anthraquinones of CWEs by baking treatment (BT), stir-frying treatment (ST), and adsorption treatment (AT). Effects of these treatments on the chemical composition, physicochemical properties of polysaccharides, and antioxidant activities of CWEs were analyzed and compared. Results indicated that AT exhibited the best removal effect on the total anthraquinone among the three treatments. After AT, the contents of rhein, emodin, aloe-emodin, and aurantio-obtusin of the CWE were below the limit of detection. In addition, AT increased the contents of neutral sugars in CWEs in comparison to BT and ST. None of the treatments had an obvious influence on the structural characteristics of polysaccharides. However, AT decreased the antioxidant activity of CWEs due to their lower anthraquinone content. In summary, AT was considered as an efficient and simple method to remove anthraquinones, while retaining the features of polysaccharides.


Assuntos
Antraquinonas , Cassia , Extratos Vegetais , Sementes , Adsorção , Antraquinonas/química , Antioxidantes/análise , Cassia/química , Culinária/métodos , Emodina/análise , Extratos Vegetais/química , Polissacarídeos/análise , Sementes/química
2.
Front Nutr ; 9: 846080, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35399669

RESUMO

Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) exhibited excellent immunomodulatory activity. Unfortunately, the structure and immunomodulatory activity of GLP are still unclear. GLP was separated into two fractions [high Mw Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RGLP) and low Mw EGLP] using 10 kDa cut-off ultrafiltration membrane. Although the RGLP content was low in GLP, the immunomodulatory activity in RGLP was significantly higher than that of EGLP. Moreover, RGLP was further separated via the Sephacryl column to obtain RGLP-1 showed the best immunomodulatory activity in the macrophage RAW264.7 model. Structural analysis revealed that RGLP-1 was 3,978 kDa and mainly consisted of glucose. Periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, and methylation results indicated that RGLP-1 is a ß-pyran polysaccharide mainly with 1→3, 1→4, 1→6, and 1→3, 6 glycosyl bonds at a molar ratio of 40.08: 8.11: 5.62: 17.81. Scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Congo red experiments revealed that RGLP-1 intertwined with each other to form circular aggregates and might possess a globular structure with triple-helix conformation in water. Overall, these results provide RGLP-1 as a potential functional food ingredient or pharmaceutical for immunomodulatory.

3.
Food Funct ; 12(20): 9708-9718, 2021 Oct 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34664607

RESUMO

Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) possess remarkable bioactivity and have been studied widely. However, the application of new technologies in the polysaccharide extraction has not been investigated. Herein, a novel continuous phase transition extraction (CPTE) technology was applied for the extraction of polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum. The extraction kinetics, physicochemical properties and immunomodulatory activity of GLP were evaluated. The kinetics results showed that the extraction process could be fitted to a two-site kinetic model due to the high R2 values in the range of 0.9939-0.9999. Polysaccharides extracted by different technologies showed that GLP yield by CPTE could be significantly improved, which was 3.34 times and 2.68 times that of hot water and ultrasonic-assisted extraction, respectively. Molecular weight distribution analysis indicated that high molecular mass polysaccharide proportion by CPTE was the highest among the three extraction methods, which was 2.03 times and 3.41 times as much as that of the hot water and ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Morphology analysis showed that CPTE treatment caused disruption of most of the cells and effective release of intracellular components, implying that CPTE was beneficial to extract polysaccharides. Furthermore, the immunomodulatory assays demonstrated that GLP significantly enhanced the proliferation and production of NO, TNF-α and IL-6 in macrophages. Therefore, CPTE was more effective for extracting polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum than the common extraction.


Assuntos
Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Imunomodulação/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Reishi , Animais , Frutas , Humanos , Fatores Imunológicos/química , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Polissacarídeos/química , Células RAW 264.7 , Relação Estrutura-Atividade
4.
Food Chem ; 332: 127381, 2020 Dec 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32603917

RESUMO

In this work, three different polyether-modified siloxanes (PMS1, PMS2, and PMS3) were applied to stabilize water-in-oil emulsions, and sodium caseinate (SC) was used to establish water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsions. Here, PMS polymers were modified by Isolan GPS and SC by Tween 80. The impact of modifications on the physical stability and controlled release of W/O/W emulsions were investigated. It was found that the storage stability and control release of double emulsions were dependent on the types of PMS used, percent of Isolan GPS, and Tween 80. When PMS1 and PMS2 were combined with low percent of Isolan GPS and Tween 80, the dispersed droplet sizes were reduced, lower percent in the gravitational sedimentation were achieved than using PMS3 emulsions. The controlled releases of Mg2+ from W/O/W emulsions by using PMS3 were slower than using other PMS. PMS3 had a strong influence in controlling the release of Mg2+ from the double emulsions.


Assuntos
Emulsões/química , Siloxanas/química , Caseínas/química , Condutividade Elétrica , Magnésio/metabolismo , Óleos/química , Tamanho da Partícula , Polissorbatos/química , Tensão Superficial , Água/química
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