Effect of nitrilotriacetic acid and tea saponin on the phytoremediation of Ni by Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf.) in Ni-pyrene contaminated soil.

Phytoremediation is commonly used in the remediation of soils co-contaminated by heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) because of its economy and effectiveness. Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf.) has well-developed roots and strong tolerance to heavy metals, so it has been widely concerned. In this study, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and tea saponin (TS) were used as enhancers and combined with Sudan grass for improving the remediation efficiency of Ni-pyrene co-contaminated soil. The results of the pot experiment in soils showed that enhancers promoted the enrichment of Ni in plants. With the function of enhancers, more inorganic and water-soluble Ni were converted into low-toxic phosphate-bonded and residual Ni, so as to reinforce the tolerance of Sudan grass to Ni. In the pot experiment based on vermiculite, it was found that enhancers increased the accumulation of Ni in cell wall by 49.71-102.73%. Enhancers also had the positive effect on the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Patescibacteria and Bacteroidetes that could tolerate heavy metals at phylum level. Simultaneously, the study found that pyrene reduced the exchangeable Ni in soils. More Ni entered the organelles and transfer to more high-toxic forms in Sudan grass when pynere coexisted. The study manifested that enhancers improved the phytoremediation effect of Ni significantly, yet the co-existence of pyrene weakened the process. Our results provided meaningful references for remediating actual co-contaminated soil of heavy metals and PAHs.

A convenient green preparation of layered double hydroxide/polyacrylamide nanocomposite hydrogels with ultrahigh deformability.

A convenient green preparation method has been developed to achieve layered double hydroxide (LDH)/polymer nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels. In contrast to previous publications using toxic organic solvent of formamide or methanol in LDH exfoliation or anion exchange, the interlayer anion exchange and exfoliation of LDH are completed in one step with the help of an amino acid (L-serine). The LDH/polyacrylamide (PAM) NC hydrogels are achieved by a convenient exfoliation-adsorption in situ polymerization method. The exfoliation of LDH is characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Interestingly, the developed NC hydrogels reveal ultrahigh deformability and extraordinary stretchability, confirmed by qualitative images and qualitative tensile and compression tests. The molecular mechanism for the ultrahigh deformability and extraordinary stretchability is discussed by crosslinking density, inter-crosslinking molecular weight and swelling tests. We believe that the findings reported herein will deepen our understanding towards the chemistry of network soft materials including gels, and further widen the applications of polymer hydrogels in mechanical devices such as artificial muscles, biomedical devices and drug delivery systems.

Novel nanocomposite hydrogels consisting of layered double hydroxide with ultrahigh tensibility and hierarchical porous structure at low inorganic content.

A novel type of polymer nanocomposite (NC) hydrogel with extraordinary mechanical properties at low inorganic content is prepared and investigated. The NC hydrogels consist of isethionate-loaded layered double hydroxide/polyacrylamide (LDH-Ise/PAM) - with LDH-Ise being used because of its swelling properties - and no conventional organic crosslinker. The NC hydrogels exhibit an unusual hierarchical porous structure at the micro- and nanometer scales, and their elongation at break can exceed 4000%.