Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor originating in the nasal cavity: A CARE case report.

INTRODUCTION: Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor (PHAT) is a rare low-grade malignant mesenchymal neoplasm. It commonly occurs in the limbs and trunk, with limited occurrences in the head and neck region. Only five cases of PHAT occurring in the head and neck have been reported in the literature to date. The etiology of PHAT remains unclear. We described a case of nasal cavity PHAT following CARE guidelines. CASE SUMMARY: A 32-year-old male with PHAT originating in the nasal cavity recurred after two surgeries. Adjuvant radiotherapy was performed after the third surgery. The patient has been regularly followed up for 36months, and no tumor recurrence or metastasis has been observed. DISCUSSION: PHAT is a rare soft tissue tumor known for its local aggressiveness. Because of a high risk of recurrence, extensive resection should be implemented, possibly completed by radiotherapy if resection cannot be complete because of proximity to at-risk structures.

[Strolling through the glorious years of Alveolar Surgery, bravely stepping onto the path of practice and innovation].

This article summarizes and organizes relevant publications in journals, along with a review of medical history, systematically summarizing the development process of dental alveolar surgery in China. The initial establishment phase (1935-1952) marked the starting point of Chinese Alveolar Surgery. Despite the impact of wars, it laid the foundation for subsequent research and practice. During the early development phase (1953-1966), the "Chinese Journal of Stomatology" was founded, which promoted the development of Alveolar Surgery. Research focused on tooth extraction methods and complications. Tooth Transplantation and Preprosthetic Surgery gradually began to take off. The stagnant phase (1967-1977) occurred due to the interruption of international exchanges, leading to an almost complete halt in the development of Alveolar Surgery. Entering the rapid catch-up phase (1978-1985), Alveolar Surgery scholars in China began striving to overcome the stagnation of the previous decade. While some progress was made, no significant innovative achievements emerged. In the scientific development phase (1986-2010), clinical research, basic experiments, and paper writing in modern Chinese Alveolar Surgery began to adhere to scientific standards with the rise of experimental medicine. The exploration and innovation stage (2011-2023) is the current development phase, during which Chinese Aveolar Surgery has reached its peak, making substantial progress in technology, clinical practices, and basic research, gradually reaching or even surpassing international advanced levels. Looking back at the development history in China, we can find the wisdom and hard work of the older generation of Alveolar Surgery scholars. However, contemporary challenges and issues, such as standardizing technology, promoting clinical practices, and talent cultivation, need to be addressed by present-day Alveolar Surgery professionals as they forge ahead.

[Research status of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on obstructive sleep apnea].

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common sleep-disordered breathing disease. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the gold standard for treatment, but compliance is suboptimal. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies need to be explored. OSA is often associated with multiple comorbidities, particularly type 2 diabetes and obesity. Effective weight loss is known to be crucial in reversing OSA and its associated comorbidities. However, sustained weight loss is difficult to achieve with lifestyle changes alone. Medications that have both hypoglycemic and weight-loss effects are one way to achieve this goal. This article discussed the therapeutic effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on this disease.

[Epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) among acute respiratory infection (ARI) cases in 16 provinces of China from 2009 to 2023].

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) among acute respiratory infection (ARI) cases in 16 provinces of China from 2009 to 2023. Methods: The data of this study were collected from the ARI surveillance data from 16 provinces in China from 2009 to 2023, with a total of 28 278 ARI cases included in the study. The clinical specimens from ARI cases were screened for HRSV nucleic acid from 2009 to 2023, and differences in virus detection rates among cases of different age groups, regions, and months were analyzed. Results: A total of 28 278 ARI cases were enrolled from January 2009 to September 2023. The age of the cases ranged from<1 month to 112 years, and the age M (Q1, Q3) was 3 years (1 year, 9 years). Among them, 3 062 cases were positive for HRSV nucleic acid, with a total detection rate of 10.83%. From 2009 to 2019, the detection rate of HRSV was 9.33%, and the virus was mainly prevalent in winter and spring. During the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the detection rate of HRSV fluctuated between 6.32% and 18.67%. There was no traditional winter epidemic peak of HRSV from the end of 2022 to the beginning of 2023, and an anti-seasonal epidemic of HRSV occurred from April to May 2023. About 87.95% (2 693/3 062) of positive cases were children under 5 years old, and the difference in the detection rate of HRSV among different age groups was statistically significant (P<0.001), showing a decreasing trend of HRSV detection rate with the increase of age (P<0.001). Among them, the HRSV detection rate (25.69%) was highest in children under 6 months. Compared with 2009-2019, the ranking of HRSV detection rates in different age groups changed from high to low between 2020 and 2023, with the age M (Q1, Q3) of HRSV positive cases increasing from 1 year (6 months, 3 years) to 2 years (11 months, 3 years). Conclusion: Through 15 years of continuous HRSV surveillance analysis, children under 5 years old, especially infants under 6 months old, are the main high-risk population for HRSV infection. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence and patterns of HRSV in China have changed.

[Comparative study of benign and malignant parotid gland tumors by infrared thermal imaging].

Objective: To analyze the temperature difference of benign and malignant parotid gland tumors in preoperative infrared thermography (IRT), and to provide the basis for predicting tumor properties. Methods: The clinical data of 98 patients with parotid gland tumor admitted to the Department of Oral and maxillofacial Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, from May 2021 to April 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 61 males and 37 females, aged (51.1±16.0) years (10-86 years). In addition to routine examination, the temperature difference between the lesion site of parotid gland and the contralateral mirror area was measured by infrared thermal imager in all patients one day before surgery. The maximum diameter (dmax) and location of the tumor (deep or superficial lobe) were recorded according to preoperative clinical examination and imaging examinations such as CT and ultrasound. The patients were divided into three groups by tumor size: dmax≤2 cm, 2 cm4 cm. The patients were also divided into different groups: deep lobe group and superficial lobe group (according to the tumor location), benign group and malignant group (according to postoperative pathological results). The relationship between temperature difference, pathology, size and location was analyzed. Results: There were 79 cases in the benign group and 19 cases in the malignant group. The temperature difference of the healthy and affected side in the malignant group [(1.73±0.21) ℃] was significantly higher than that in the benign group [(0.73±0.32) ℃] (t=16.70, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in temperature difference between the healthy and affected sides of tumors with different diameters (P>0.05). The temperature difference of healthy and affected side of tumor in superficial lobe [(0.97±0.50) ℃] was significantly higher than that in deep lobe [(0.67±0.44) ℃] (t=2.24, P=0.028). Conclusions: The difference of temperature difference between benign and malignant parotid gland tumors detected by IRT is statistically significant, which can be used to predict tumor properties, and has certain clinical application value.

ASPM overexpression enhances cellular proliferation and migration and predicts worse prognosis for papillary renal cell carcinoma.

Various studies have recognized the vital role of the abnormal spindle microtubule assembly (ASPM) gene in the progression of numerous tumors and its association with their poorer clinical outcomes. Nonetheless, the clinical significance and regulatory mechanism of ASPM in papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) have not been illuminated. Herein, we designed a series of experiments to determine the functional significance of ASPM in PRCC. The expression of ASPM was significantly elevated in PRCC tissues and cells, and a higher expression level of ASPM was associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with PRCC. Following the knockdown of ASPM, the proliferation, invasion, and migration abilities of PRCC cells were all repressed. Moreover, the silencing of ASPM attenuated the expressions of crucial proteins involved in Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway, including Dvl-2, ß-catenin, TCF4, and LEF1. Our study shows the biological significance of ASPM in PRCC and provides new insights for exploring therapeutic targets in PRCC.

[A long-term follow-up study of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on all-cause mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-obstructive sleep apnea overlap syndrome].

Objective: To investigate the effect of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation(NIPPV) on all-cause mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-obstructive sleep apnea overlap syndrome(OVS) through long-term follow-up. Methods: A total of 187 OVS patients were divided into the NIPPV group(n=92) and the non-NIPPV group(n=95). Of these, 85 males and 7 females were in the NIPPV group with an average age of (66.5±8.5) years(range 47-80 years); 89 males and 6 females were in the non-NIPPV group with an average age of (67.4±7.8) years(range 44-79 years). Follow-up was performed from enrolment with an average duration of 39(20, 51) months. The all-cause mortality was compared between the two groups. Result: There were no significant differences in their baseline clinical characteristics(all P>0.05), indicating that the data from the two groups were comparable. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed no difference in all-cause mortality between the two groups(log rank P=0.229). However, deaths from cardio-cerebrovascular diseases were higher in the non-NIPPV than in the NIPPV group(15.8% vs. 6.5%,P=0.045). Age, BMI, neck circumference, PaCO2, FEV1, FEV1%, moderate to severe OSA(AHI>15 events/h), mMRC, CAT, number of acute exacerbations of COPD and number of hospitalizations were associated with all-cause death in OVS patients; among which, age(HR 1.067, 95%CI 1.017-1.119, P=0.008), FEV1(HR 0.378, 95%CI 0.176-0.811, P=0.013), and number of COPD exacerbations(HR 1.298, 95%CI 1.102-1.530, P=0.002) were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality in OVS patients. Conclusions: The combination of NIPPV and conventional treatment may reduce cardio-cerebrovascular disease-related mortality in OVS patients. The deceased OVS patients had severe airflow limitation and mild to moderate OSA. Old age, low FEV1 and COPD exacerbations were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality in OVS patients.

[Effects of porcine urinary bladder matrix on motility and polarization of bone marrow-derived macrophages in mice].

Objective: To explore the effects of porcine urinary bladder matrix (UBM) on the motility and polarization of bone marrow-derived macrophages in mice, so as to provide evidence for the rational selection of stent in clinical wound repair. Methods: The method of experimental research was used. The microstructure of porcine UBM and absorbable dressing was observed under scanning electron microscope. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to observe the protein distribution of the two stent extracts. The primary macrophages were induced from bone marrow-derived cells isolated from six 6-8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice (mouse age, sex, and strain, the same below) and identified. Three batches of macrophages were divided into porcine UBM extract group and absorbable dressing extract group. The cells in each group were cultured with Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium/F12 medium containing the corresponding extracts. The cell migration rate was detected and calculated on 1, 3, and 7 d after scratching by scratch test. The number of migrated cells at 12 and 24 h of culture was detected by Transwell experiment. The percentages of CD206 and CD86 positive cells at 24 h of culture was detected by flow cytometer. The numbers of sample in the above cell experiments were all 3. An incision was prepared on the left and right back of twelve mice, respectively. The left incision of each mouse was included in porcine UBM group and the right incision was included in absorbable dressing group, and the corresponding stents were implanted into the incisions respectively. On post operation day (POD) 7 and 14, the number of inflammatory cells infiltrated in the stent was detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining; the number of F4/80, transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9) positive cells and type Ⅰ collagen deposition in stents were observed by immunohistochemistry; the percentages of F4/80, CD86, and CD206 positive cells were observed by immunofluorescence staining. The numbers of sample in the above animal experiments were all 6. Data were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance for factorial design, analysis of variance for repeated measurement, and independent sample t test. Results: Porcine UBM has a dense basement membrane structure on one side and porous propria containing a fibrous structures on the other. Both sides of the absorbable dressing had three-dimensional porous structure. In the molecular weight range of (50-70)×103, multiple non-type Ⅰ collagen bands appeared in the lanes of porcine UBM extract, while no obvious bands appeared in the lanes of absorbable dressing extract. It had been identified that mouse bone marrow-derived cells had been successfully induced into macrophages. The cell migration rates in porcine UBM extract group were significantly higher than those in absorbable dressing extract group on 1, 3, and 7 d after scratching (with t values of 15.31, 19.76, and 20.58, respectively, P<0.05). The numbers of migrated cells in porcine UBM extract group were significantly more than those in absorbable dressing extract group at 12 and 24 h of culture (with t values of 12.20 and 33.26, respectively, P<0.05). At 24 h of culture, the percentage of CD86 positive cells in porcine UBM extract group ((1.27±0.19)%) was significantly lower than (7.34±0.14)% in absorbable dressing extract group (t=17.03, P<0.05);the percentage of CD206 positive cells in porcine UBM extract group was (73.4±0.7)%, significantly higher than (32.2±0.5)% in absorbable dressing extract group (t=119.10, P<0.05). On POD 7 and 14, the numbers of inflammatory cells infiltrated in the stents in porcine UBM group was significantly more than those in absorbable dressing group (with t values of 6.58 and 10.70, respectively, P<0.05). On POD 7 and 14, the numbers of F4/80, TGF-ß1, VEGF, and MMP-9 positive cells in the stents in porcine UBM group were significantly more than those in absorbable dressing group (with t values of 46.11, 40.69, 13.90, 14.15, 19.79, 32.93, 12.16, and 13.21, respectively, P<0.05); type Ⅰ collagen deposition in the stents in porcine UBM group was more pronounced than that in absorbable dressing group; the percentages of CD206 positive cells in the stents in porcine UBM group were significantly higher than those in absorbable dressing group (with t values of 5.05 and 4.13, respectively, P<0.05), while the percentages of CD86 positive cells were significantly lower than those in absorbable dressing group (with t values of 20.90 and 19.64, respectively, P<0.05), and more M2-type macrophages were seen in the stents in porcine UBM group and more M1-type macrophages were seen in the stents in absorbable dressing group. Conclusions: Porcine UBM can enhance macrophage motility, induce M2 polarization and paracrine function, create a microenvironment containing growth factors such as TGF-ß1 and MMP-9 tissue remodeling molecules, and promote tissue regeneration and extracellular matrix remodeling in mice.

Favorable outcome in advanced pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma after hypofractionated intensity modulated radiotherapy.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to review outcomes of patients with advanced/metastatic pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) treated at our institution with Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), describe the treatment outcomes, and determine predictors. METHODS: A retrospective study on patients with advanced/metastatic PPGL who received IMRT at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2014 and 2019. A total of 14 patients with 17 lesions were included in this study. Ultra-hypofractionated radiation therapy was used for 7 lesions in 5 patients, while hypofractionated radiation therapy was used for 8 lesions in 7 patients. 2 patients got conventional fractionated radiotherapy. Patients who received external beam radiation therapy were given a median total radiation dose of 74.4/130 Gy (BED10/3) in a median of 13 fractions. RESULTS: OS at 2 years was 78% for all patients. For lesions evaluated by RECIST response, at least stable disease of the target lesion was achieved in 94% and distant progression in 28.5%, with an average time to progression of 5.2 months. Patients with locally advanced primary tumors or recurred in situ (n = 8) achieved 100% local control, and none of them got recurrence or distant metastasis after radiotherapy at last follow-up (median 29 months). Of patients with catecholamine-related syndromes (n = 12), 91% of symptomatic lesions improved following radiation therapy and a more than 50% decline in catecholamines. CONCLUSIONS: We have found hypofractionated IMRT effective as an additional therapy for patients with advanced primary tumors or recurrence in situ and not amenable to complete surgical resection.

[Host factors and characteristics of hospitalized patients with pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia].

Objectives: To describe the underlying diseases, microbiologic examination and severity of hospitalized patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in a tertiary Chinese hospital. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 485 identified PJP patients who were admitted to our hospital between January 2013 and December 2021. Results: Among the 485 enrolled PJP cases, there were 237 males and 248 females, aging (53.3±16.2) years (range from 14 y to 88 y). They were divided into 8 subgroups with variable underlying diseases. There were 209 cases with connective tissue diseases(CTD), 27 cases with non-hematologic malignancies, 38 cases with hematologic malignancies, 81 cases with kidney diseases, 33 cases with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia(IIP), 30 cases infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and 42 cases with miscellaneous underlying diseases. In the CTD group, there was more females than males, while male patients were predominant in both the malignant and the HIV groups. The Pneumocystis was identified in 44.95%(218/485) sputum samples and 92.01%(265/288) bronchoscopic samples. Pneumocystis asci were observed at direct microscopic examination with Grocott's methenamine silver stain in 4.95%(24/485)sputum samples and 9.72%(28/288)bronchoscopic samples. Pneumocystis DNA fragments were identified by PCR analysis in 43.09%(209/485)sputum samples and 90.63%(261/288)bronchoscopic samples. Among the 8 groups, cytomegaviremia and respiratory failure were most common in the HIV-infected PJP group, but the rates of mechanic ventilation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death were the lowest. There were less PJP patients in the IIP group (IIP-PJP) who received mechanic ventilation and admitted to ICU than the other groups except HIV-infected PJP group. However, the mortality rate was highest for the IIP-PJP group. Conclusions: CTD was the most common predisposed underlying disease for our enrolled PJP cases. Cytomegaviremia and respiratory failure were common in HIV-infected PJP patients, but the prognosis of HIV-PJP was slightly better than the others. The disease was more severe, rapidly progressive and fatal in the IIP-PJP group.

[Clinical analysis of autoimmune diseases associated with interstitial lung diseases initially presented with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis].

Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics of patients with autoimmune diseases associated interstitial lung diseases (AID-ILD) initially presented with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in a tertiary Chinese hospital. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 14 patients diagnosed with AID-ILD during the IPF follow-up between January 2016 and December 2021. Among the 14 enrolled AID-ILD cases, there were 13 males and 1 female, (69.71±9.07) years old (range from 55 y to 87 y). Results: Detailed clinical consultation and further laboratory analysis were performed during the follow-up when the IPF patients showed exaggerated dyspnea (7 cases), fever of unknown causes (6 cases), microscopic hematuria (5 cases), arthralgia and swelling (4 cases), arthralgia (2 cases), morning stiffness (2 cases) and renal failure (2 cases). Finally, 6 patients showed positive MPO-ANCA, one patient showed positive PR3-ANCA and 7 patients showed positive anti-CCP. During the IPF periods, 7 patients had received antifibrotic agents and 5 patients had been prescribed with N-acetylcysteine, and 1 patient had received antifibrotic agents after N-acetylcysteine. Among them, no medication was prescribed for one IPF patient. After they were diagnosed with AID-ILD, glucocorticoids and/or immunosuppressants were added for 13 of them. Thirteen of cases improved or stable after these treatments, but one didn't show significant changes. Conclusions: AID-UIP, especially ANCA-UIP, AAV-UIP or RA-UIP should be considered when the IPF patients showed fever of unknown origin, microscopic hematuria and/or arthritis related symptoms. They might benefit from the add-on glucocorticoids and/or immunosuppressants.

Role of transanal drainage tubes in preventing anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: The transanal drainage tube (TDT) is thought to reduce the incidence of anastomotic leakage (AL) in patients with low anterior resection (LAR). However, results from different clinical trials are inconsistent, although nearly all meta-analyses agree on the efficacy. In contrast to results of many previous studies, 2 recent independent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that the use of TDT does not prevent AL. We performed a meta-analysis including only RCTs to compare patients with TDTs vs. those without TDTs in terms of AL rate. METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library databases, Clinicaltrials.gov and WHO/ICTRP from inception until February 14, 2022. RCTs that evaluated the role of TDTs in AL prevention in patients who underwent LAR for rectal cancer were included. A meta-analysis was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. Data were extracted by two authors independently, and random-effects models were implemented. The main outcome was AL, and the secondary outcome was the grade of AL. RESULTS: Three RCTs were included involving a total of 1115 participants (559 patients in the TDT group and 556 in the non-TDT group). No significant difference in the AL rate was detected (RR = 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.42-1.15, p = 0.15, I2 = 21%, very low certainty evidence). The incidence of grade C AL was possibly lower in the TDT group (RR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.11-1.01, p = 0.05, very low certainty evidence), while the rate of grade B AL was similar between the two groups (RR = 1.17, 95% CI 0.66-2.08, p = 0.59, very low certainty evidence). CONCLUSIONS: The present meta-analysis suggests that TDTs are not effective in reducing the overall incidence of AL, but possibly have a potential benefit in reducing the occurrence of grade C AL in patients with LAR. Based on the current limited data and existing heterogeneity, the inclusion of larger populations and the identification of more uniform indications for TDT need to be addressed in future studies.

Polymer formulated self-amplifying RNA vaccine is partially protective against influenza virus infection in ferrets.

COVID-19 has demonstrated the power of RNA vaccines as part of a pandemic response toolkit. Another virus with pandemic potential is influenza. Further development of RNA vaccines in advance of a future influenza pandemic will save time and lives. As RNA vaccines require formulation to enter cells and induce antigen expression, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a recently developed bioreducible cationic polymer, pABOL for the delivery of a self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccine for seasonal influenza virus in mice and ferrets. Mice and ferrets were immunized with pABOL formulated saRNA vaccines expressing either haemagglutinin (HA) from H1N1 or H3N2 influenza virus in a prime boost regime. Antibody responses, both binding and functional were measured in serum after immunization. Animals were then challenged with a matched influenza virus either directly by intranasal inoculation or in a contact transmission model. While highly immunogenic in mice, pABOL-formulated saRNA led to variable responses in ferrets. Animals that responded to the vaccine with higher levels of influenza virus-specific neutralizing antibodies were more protected against influenza virus infection. pABOL-formulated saRNA is immunogenic in ferrets, but further optimization of RNA vaccine formulation and constructs is required to increase the quality and quantity of the antibody response to the vaccine.

[Analysis of common viral infection in surveillance cases of febrile respiratory syndrome in 9 provinces of China from 2009 to 2021].

Objective: To understand the common viral infection among the surveillance cases of fever respiratory syndrome (FRS) in nine provinces in China. Methods: The research data were obtained from nine provinces (Anhui, Beijing, Guangdong, Hebei, Hunan, Jilin, Shandong, Shaanxi and Xinjiang) in the "Infectious Disease Surveillance Technology Platform Information Management System" of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2009 to June 2021. Finally, 8 243 FRS cases with nucleic acid detection results of eight viruses [human influenza virus (HIFV), human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), human adenovirus (HAdV), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV), human rhinovirus (HRV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human coronavirus (HCoV) and human Boca virus (HBoV)] were included in the study. The χ2 test/Fisher exact probability method was used to analyze the difference of virus detection rate in different age groups, regions and seasons. Results The M (Q1, Q3) age of 8 243 FRS cases was 4 (1, 18) years old, and 56.56% (4 662 cases) were children under 5 years old. Males accounted for 58.1% (4 792 cases) of all cases. All cases were from outpatient/emergency department (2 043 cases) and inpatient department (6 200 cases). The virus detection rates of FRS cases from high to low were HRSV, HIFV, HPIV, HRV, HAdV, HMPV, HCoV and HBoV. Two or more viruses were detected simultaneously in 524 cases, accounting for 15.66% of virus-positive cases. The difference of the virus detection rate in different age groups was statistically significant (all P values<0.05), and the virus detection rate in children<5 years old was higher (49.96%). The positive rate of any virus in south China was higher than that in north China (P<0.001). The virus-positive FRS cases were detected throughout the year. The detection rate of HRSV was higher in autumn and winter. The detection rate of HIFV was higher in winter. The detection rate of HMPV was higher in winter and spring. The detection rates of HPIV, HRV, HCoV and HBoV were higher in summer and autumn, while there was no significant difference in the detection rate of HAdV in different seasons. Compared with 2009-2019, the detection rate of any virus in 2020-2021 decreased from 41.37% to 37.86%. The detection rate of HIFV decreased sharply from 10.62% to 1.37%. The detection rate of HPIV decreased from 8.24% to 5.88%. The detection rate of HRV and HBoV increased from 5.43% and 1.79% to 9.67% and 3.19%, respectively. Conclusion: HRSV and HIFV infections are more common among FRS cases in nine provinces in China from 2009 to 2021, and the epidemiological characteristics of eight common respiratory viruses vary in different age groups, regions and seasons.

[Overexpression of NAT10 induced platinum drugs resistance in breast cancer cell].

Objective: To observe the platinum drugs resistance effect of N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) overexpression in breast cancer cell line and elucidate the underlining mechanisms. Methods: The experiment was divided into wild-type (MCF-7 wild-type cells without any treatment) group, NAT10 overexpression group (H-NAT10 plasmid transfected into MCF-7 cells) and NAT10 knockdown group (SH-NAT10 plasmid transfected into MCF-7 cells). The invasion was detected by Transwell array, the interaction between NAT10 and PARP1 was detected by co-immunoprecipitation. The impact of NAT10 overexpression or knockdown on the acetylation level of PARP1 and its half-life was also determined. Immunostaining and IP array were used to detect the recruitment of DNA damage repair protein by acetylated PARP1. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell apoptosis. Results: Transwell invasion assay showed that the number of cell invasion was 483.00±46.90 in the NAT10 overexpression group, 469.00±40.50 in the NAT10 knockdown group, and 445.00±35.50 in the MCF-7 wild-type cells, and the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). In the presence of 10 µmol/L oxaliplatin, the number of cell invasion was 502.00±45.60 in the NAT10 overexpression group and 105.00±20.50 in the NAT10 knockdown group, both statistically significant (P<0.05) compared with 219.00±31.50 in wild-type cells. In the presence of 10 µmol/L oxaliplatin, NAT10 overexpression enhanced the binding of PARP1 to NAT10 compared with wild-type cells, whereas the use of the NAT10 inhibitor Remodelin inhibited the mutual binding of the two. Overexpression of NAT10 induced PARP1 acetylation followed by increased PARP1 binding to XRCC1, and knockdown of NAT10 expression reduced PARP1 binding to XRCC1. Overexpression of NAT10 enhanced PARP1 binding to LIG3, while knockdown of NAT10 expression decreased PARP1 binding to LIG3. In 10 µmol/L oxaliplatin-treated cells, the γH2AX expression level was 0.38±0.02 in NAT10 overexpressing cells and 1.36±0.15 in NAT10 knockdown cells, both statistically significant (P<0.05) compared with 1.00±0.00 in wild-type cells. In 10 µmol/L oxaliplatin treated cells, the apoptosis rate was (6.54±0.68)% in the NAT10 overexpression group and (12.98±2.54)% in the NAT10 knockdown group, both of which were statistically significant (P<0.05) compared with (9.67±0.37)% in wild-type cells. Conclusion: NAT10 overexpression enhances the binding of NAT10 to PARP1 and promotes the acetylation of PARP1, which in turn prolongs the half-life of PARP1, thus enhancing PARP1 recruitment of DNA damage repair related proteins to the damage sites, promoting DNA damage repair and ultimately the survival of breast cancer cells.

[Coactivator p300-induced H3K27 acetylation mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory mediator synthesis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of acetylated modification induced by coactivator p300 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced inflammatory mediator synthesis and its molecular mechanism. METHODS: Agilent SurePrint G3 Mouse Gene Expression V2 microarray chip and Western blotting were used to screen the molecules whose expression levels in mouse macrophages (RAW246.7) were correlated with the stimulation intensity of LPS. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (chip-qPCR) were used to verify the binding of the molecules to the promoters of IL-6 and TNF-α genes. The effects of transfection of RAW246.7 cells with overexpression or interfering plasmids on IL-6 and TNF-α synthesis were evaluated with ELISA, and the binding level of the target molecules and acetylation level of H3K27 in the promoter region of IL-6 and TNF-α genes were analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing technique (chip-seq). RESULTS: Gene microarray chip data and Western blotting both confirmed a strong correlation of p300 expression with the stimulation intensity of LPS. Immunocoprecipitation confirmed the binding between p300 and c-myb. The results of EMSA demonstrated that c-myb (P < 0.05), but not p300, could directly bind to the promoter region of IL-6 and TNF-α genes; p300 could bind to the promoters only in the presence of c-myb (P < 0.05). The expressions of p65, p300 and c-myb did not show interactions. Both p300 overexpression and LPS stimulation could increase the level of promoter-binding p300 and H3K27 acetylation level, thus promoting p65 binding and inflammatory gene transcription; such effects were obviously suppressed by interference of c-myb expression (P < 0.05). Interference of p65 resulted in inhibition of p65 binding to the promoters and gene transcription (P < 0.05) without affecting p300 binding or H3K27 acetylation level. CONCLUSION: LPS can stimulate the synthesis of p300, whose binding to the promoter region of inflammatory genes via c-myb facilitates the cohesion of p65 by inducing H3K27 acetylation, thus promoting the expression of the inflammatory genes.

Testing a knowledge-based approach for inferring spatio-temporal characteristics of groundwater in the Australian State of Victoria.

Groundwater spatio-temporal characteristics are important information for groundwater development and management. However, such information is usually insufficient or even unavailable in many regions around the world due to insufficient or even lack of in-situ data such as from boreholes. Recently, a knowledge-based approach was proposed to infer 'where' and 'when' to find groundwater using Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) as an example for data-deficient regions. In this knowledge-based approach, groundwater model and inversion analysis of groundwater impact factors are used to infer groundwater storage potential and recharge timing. In the LVB's case, only 10 borehole data were used to test the spatio-temporal behaviours of groundwater, which are insufficient. In this contribution, therefore, using the Australian State of Victoria as an example, with over 15,000 boreholes data, the performance of the same knowledge-based approach is further tested in a well-controlled area. The results indicate that the knowledge-based approach is able to correctly infer regions with large groundwater storage potential suitable for extraction. The recharge timing of groundwater is also correctly indicated as the results show consistency with the borehole data. This provides further evidence of the reliability of the knowledge-based approach for inferring spatio-temporal characteristics of groundwater.

[Advances of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery in the combined treatment of primary angle-closure glaucoma].

Glaucoma is the leading irreversible blinding eye disease worldwide, and China has the largest amount of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). To reduce blindness, the therapeutic evolution can play a role. With the technical development of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS), the treatment of angle-closure glaucoma has been in a transformation. This article reviews the literatures related to the advances of MIGS in the combined treatment of PACG. The research findings show that MIGS may become one of the preferred surgical treatments for PACG in the future clinical management of glaucoma.

Prevention of Exposure Keratopathy in the Intensive Care Unit: Evaluation of an EMR-Based Lubrication Order Protocol for Ventilated Patients.

Purpose In this pilot study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of an electronic medical record (EMR) order set for lubricating ointment (four times daily) in the prevention of exposure keratopathy in ventilated patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) at the University of Utah. We attempted to capture the magnitude of morbidity, cost, and care burden in ventilated patients, as well as the utility of a systematic EMR-based preventative lubrication protocol in the ICU setting. Methods After implementation of the order set, a retrospective chart review was performed to capture all ventilated ICU patients pre- and postintervention. Three separate study periods were used: (1) Six months prior to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and prior to the ocular lubrication intervention; (2) the subsequent 6-month period including COVID-19 patients but prior to any intervention; and (3) the subsequent 6-month period postintervention, including COVID-19 patients. The primary endpoint of ointment use per day was analyzed with a Poisson regression model. Secondary endpoints including rates of ophthalmologic consultation and exposure keratopathy were compared with Fisher's exact test. A poststudy survey of ICU nurses was included. Results A total of 974 ventilated patients were included in the analysis. Ointment use per day increased by 155% (95% confidence interval [CI] 132-183%, p < 0.001) following the intervention. Rates also increased 80% (95% CI 63-99%, p < 0.001) during the COVID-19 study period but prior to intervention. The percentage of ventilated patients requiring a dilated eye exam for any indication was 3.2, 4, and 3.7% in each of the study periods, respectively. There was an overall down trend in the rate of exposure keratopathy which was diagnosed in 33.3, 20, and 8.3% of those receiving ophthalmologic consultation, though these rates were not statistically significant. Conclusion These preliminary data show a statistically significant increase in the rates of lubrication in mechanically ventilated patients using an EMR-based order set in the ICU setting. There was no statistically significant decrease in the rates of exposure keratopathy. Our preventative protocol with lubrication ointment was of minimal cost burden to the ICU. Further longitudinal and multicenter studies are needed to better assess the efficacy of such a protocol.