Effect of oocyte maturation time, sperm selection method and oxygen tension on in vitro embryo development in alpacas.

We evaluated the effect of in vitro maturation time, sperm selection and oxygen tension on alpaca embryo development. In Experiment I, Cumulus Oocyte- Complexes (COCs) were obtained from abattoir ovaries and in vitro matured in TCM-199 for 24 (n = 217), 28 (215), or 32 h (223) at 38.5 °C, high humidity and 5% CO2 in air. Oocytes from 24 (n = 392), 28 (n = 456) or 32 (n = 368) h groups were in vitro fertilized with epididymal sperm and cultured in SOFaa at 38.5 °C, high humidity and 5% CO2, 5% O2 and 90% N2 for 7 days. Embryo development was evaluated on Day 2, 5 and Day 7 of in vitro culture (Day 0 = in vitro fertilization). In Experiment II, a 2 by 2-factorial design was used to determine the effect of sperm selection (Swim-up vs Percoll) and oxygen tension (20% vs 5%) during embryo culture and their interaction on embryo development. COCs were in vitro matured for 32 h at 38.5 °C and 5% CO2 in air and then in vitro inseminated with epididymal sperm processed by swim-up or Percoll. Zygotes were cultured in SOFaa + cumulus cells at 38.5 °C under 20 or 5% of O2 tension and high humidity for 7 days. A total of 235, 235, 253 and 240 oocytes were assigned to: swim-up+20 O2, swim-up+5 O2 or Percoll+20 O2, Percoll+5 O2, groups respectively. The proportion of oocytes reaching MII stage was highest after 32 h of in vitro maturation (P < 0.05). Blastocyst rate (29.1 ± 2.7%) was also highest for COCs matured for 32 h (Exp I). In Experiment II, Blastocysts rate (26.03 ± 4.7; 27.7 ± 4.3; 29.7 ± 3.8 and 27.6 ± 4.2% for swim-up+20 O2, swim-up+5 O2 or Percoll+20 O2, Percoll+5 O2, respectively) was not affected by sperm selection method (P = 0.8), oxygen tension (P = 0.9) or their interaction (P = 0.5).

Aplicación de la terapia centrada en las soluciones / Aplication of the therapy connected to the solutions

Para evaluar los resultados de la aplicación de la Terapia Centrada en las soluciones se realizó una investigación de tipo aplicada, en un nivel exploratoiro, siguiendo el método pre-experimental, tomando una muestra intencionada - no probabilistica - constituida por cinco pacientes que solicitaron atención psicológica en el consultorio de la Escuela Académico Profesional de Psicología de la Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán; a los cuales se les aplicó el instruento denominado "Escala de Avances de Shazer". Hallando como resultado la existencia de diferencias estadísticamente significativas antes y después de la aplicación del modelo de al Terapia Centrada en las soluciones, traducido en que el valor de test de 4,18 y resulta superior al valor de la tabla en un nivel de confianza de 0,01 (4,18 > 2,19) coincidiendo con la hipótesis sustantiva y la hipótesis estadística de la investigación; asimismo el porcentage de éxito resultó de 80 por ciento. Llegando a la conclusión que, la terapia Centrada en las soluciones demuestra eficacia, aplicabilidad y brevedad.

To evaluate the results abouth the application f the therapy to solutions it was done a research in a exploratory level, with the method Pre -experimental, selecting an intentional sample "no probabilistic - it was constituted for five patients who requested psychological attention in the Psychology Professional Academic School of UNHEVAL; They received the instrument named Progress Range (Scale) of Shazer, Finding as aftermaths the existence of diferences statistically significant before and after of the application of this model, value t is 4,18 and it's superior at the value of the board in a confidence level in 0,01 (4,18 > 2,90) agreeing with substancial hypothesis and the investigation's statistical hypothesis and the investigation's statistica hypothesis; likewise the percentage of sucess is 80 per cent. The conclusion is this therapy shows efficacy, applicability and brevity.