Anti-inflammatory, anti-tussive effects and toxicity evaluation of Qingfei Dayuan granules.

OBJECTIVE: To study the anti-inflammatory and anti-tussive effects of Qingfei Dayuan granules (, QFDY), and to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of QFDY. METHODS: Anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by murine model of xylene induced ear edema in mice. Ear swelling degree was calculated and tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1ß and interleukin-6 were determined. Anti-tussive evaluations were carried out in the mouse cough model induced by ammonia liquor. Latent period cough and number of cough within 3 min were counted. In acute toxicity study, the rats were randomly divided into test group and solvent control group. Body weighs, food intakes and general clinical signs were monitored. In the sub-chronic toxicity study, QFDY was administered to rats at 0, 4, 8 and 16 g/kg per day for 28 and 30 d of post treatment was conducted. Mortalities, clinical signs, body weight changes, food intakes, ophthalmological examinations, hematological parameters, biochemical indicators, electrolyte indicators, urinalyses and histopathological examinations were monitored. RESULTS: QFDY significantly inhibited the development of ear edema in anti-inflammatory assay and decreased cough frequency caused by ammonia liquor. The results presented a dose-effect relationship. In acute toxicity study, no abnormality exhibited at dose of 24.0 g/kg per day during the 14-d observation period. In the sub-chronic toxicity study, higher reticulocyte count, lymphocyte and lower Cl-, blood urea nitrogen were analyzed compared with the solvent control group. But the differences were considered to be incidental and not clinically toxic. Obvious dose-effect relationship of urine color was observed, and the three test groups at the end of the experiments resulted in significant increase in urobilinogen, bilirubin, ketone body and urine leukocyte. However, all the positive indicators returned to normal in the recovery period. Therefore, no toxicological changes were found during the study period. CONCLUSION: QFDY showed significant anti-inflammatory and anti-tussive effects in mice. The lethal dose (LD50) of per oral QFDY in rats was estimated to be more than 24.0 g/kg per day and the no observed adverse effect level was over 16 g/kg per day, which suggested that QFDY is relatively safe for oral medication at the present dose on rats. Our experimental results provide a reference for the further development and research of QFDY.

Analysis of Quality Value Transmitting of Volatile Oil in Bran-processed Atractylodes lancea and Its Standard Decoction with Different Physicochemical Forms / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the differences in volatile oil content of bran-processed Atractylodes lancea and its standard decoction concentrate and freeze-dried powder， as well as the differences in the types and contents of chemical components in volatile oil， and to clarify the quality value transmitting. MethodTen batches of A. lancea rhizoma were collected and prepared into raw products and bran-processed products of A. lancea， standard decoction concentrate and freeze-dried powder of bran-processed A. lancea in order to extract the volatile oil， and the transfer rate of volatile oil in each sample was calculated. Quantitative analysis of the main chemical components（β-eudesmol， atractylon， atractylodin） in each volatile oil was performed by gas chromatography（GC） on the HP-5 quartz capillary column（0.32 mm×30 m， 0.25 μm） with a flame ionization detector（FID）， a split ratio of 10∶1 and a temperature program（initial temperature at 80 ℃， hold for 1 min， rise to 150 ℃ at 10 ℃·min-1， hold for 10 min， rise to 155 ℃ at 0.5 ℃·min-1， hold for 5 min， rise to 240 ℃ at 8.5 ℃·min-1， hold for 8 min）. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis（PCA） were used to explore the overall differences in types and contents of chemical components between the standard decoction concentrate and freeze-dried powder. ResultThe transfer rates of volatile oil in the bran-processed products， standard decoction concentrate and freeze-dried powder were 70.51%， 1.57% and 40.90%， respectively. The average transfer rates of β-eudesmol， atractylon and atractylodin in the volatile oil of bran-processed A. lancea were 58.45%， 48.49% and 55.64%， respectively. In the standard decoction concentrate， only β-eudesmol and atractylodin were detected， and their average transfer rates were 0.22% and 0.10%， respectively. And only β-eudesmol was detected in the freeze-dried powder with the average transfer rate of 8.37%. The results of cluster analysis and PCA showed that there are obvious differences in the types and contents of chemical components between the standard decoction concentrate and freeze-dried powder. ConclusionThe quality value transmitting between bran-processed A. lancea and its standard decoction concentrate and freeze-dried powder is stable， and if the freeze-dried powder is selected as the reference material of dispensing granules， appropriate amount of volatile oil should be added back to make it consistent with the quality of the standard decoction concentrate.

Comparison of the fingerprints and in vitro antioxidant activity of decoction pieces of Polygonum cuspidatum by integrated processing and traditional processing / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To compare t he diff erences of the fingerprint and in vitro antioxidant activity between decoction pieces of Polygonum cuspidatum by integrated technology of habitat processing and processing （short for IPDP ）and traditional processing decoction pieces （short for TPDP ）. METHODS Ten batches of IPDP and ten batches of TPDP were prepared by integrated technology and traditional technology ，respectively. HPLC method was used to establish and compare the fingerprints of IPDP and TPDP. The scavenging rates of DPPH free radical ，ABTS free radical ，superoxide free radical and hydroxyl free radical and reducing activity of Fe 3+ were detected for IPDP and TPDP. In vitro antioxidant activities were compared between IPDP and TPDP. RESULTS There were 11 common peaks in the fingerprints of IPDP and TPDP ，among which 17 came from IPDP and 13 came from TPDP. The peak heights of peak 6（polydatin）and peak 15（emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside）in IPDP were significantly higher than those in the TPDP ，and the peak heights of peak 13（resveratrol），peak 17（emodin）and peak 19（physcion）in the TPDP were significantly higher than those in the IPDP. The results of in vitro antioxidant test showed that IPDP and TPDP had a certain scavenging capacity on DPPH free radical ，ABTS free radical ，superoxide free radical and hydroxyl free radicals ，and also had a certain reducing capacity on Fe 3+. CONCLUSIONS The integrated processing technology of P. cuspidatum has a good retention effect on the glycosides in P. cuspidatum ，and the in vitro antioxidant activity of IPDP is stronger than that of TPDP.