Correlation of Neutralizing Antibodies (NAbs) between Sows and Piglets and Evaluation of Protectability Associated with Maternally Derived NAbs in Pigs against Circulating Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) under Field Conditions.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), which is caused by a highly transmissible pathogen called porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), has caused severe problems, including reproductive disorders in sows and respiratory symptoms in nursery pigs worldwide, since the early 1990s. However, currently available PRRSV vaccines do not supply complete immunity to confront the viral infection. Elicitation of PRRSV-specific neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) during the preinfectious period has been deemed to be a feasible strategy to modulate this virus, especially in farms where nursery pigs are seized with PRRSVs. A total of 180 piglets in a farrow-to-finish farm that had a natural outbreak of PRRS were distributed into three groups based on the different PRRSV NAbs levels in their dams. In the present study, piglets that received superior maternal-transferred NAbs showed delayed and relatively slight viral loads in serum and, on the whole, higher survival rates against wild PRRSV infections. A positive correlation of maternal NAbs between sows and their piglets was identified; moreover, high NAbs titers in piglets can last for at least 4 weeks. These results provide updated information to develop an appropriate immune strategy for breeding and for future PRRSV control under field conditions.

A Preliminary Examination of Aerobic Exercise Effects on Resting EEG in Children With ADHD.

OBJECTIVE: This study attempted to determine whether the effects of physical exercise were reflected in the resting electroencephalographic (EEG) pattern of ADHD children. METHOD: Thirty-two ADHD children were assigned to either an exercise group or a control group. The exercise group participated in a water aerobics program for 8 weeks, whereas no intervention was administered to the control group. Resting EEGs were recorded under open-eyes condition before and after the intervention. Data from eligible participants, 15 from the exercise group (11 boys and 4 girls, 7.93 ± 1.02 years) and 14 from the control group (14 boys, 8.27 ± 1.04 years), were further analyzed. RESULTS: While controlling for the baseline resting EEG, separate ANCOVAs indicated that the exercise group showed smaller theta/alpha ratios over the frontal and central brain sites after the intervention compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: This finding suggests that aerobic exercise may enhance the cognitive functions of children with ADHD, as reflected in resting EEG.