Cardiovascular disease risk models and dementia or cognitive decline: a systematic review.

Background: Health cognitive promotion and protection is a critical topic. With the world's aging population and rising life expectancy, there will be many people living with highly age-related dementia illnesses. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dementia share the same risk factors, such as unhealthy lifestyles and metabolic factors. These recognized risks associated with CVD and dementia frequently co-occur. CVD risk models may have a close association with dementia and cognitive decline. So, this systematic review aimed to determine whether CVD risk models were connected with dementia or cognitive decline and compare the predictive ability of various models. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, PsychINFO, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Sinomed, and WanFang were searched from 1 January 2014 until 16 February 2023. Only CVD risk models were included. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) for the quality assessment of included cohort studies and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) for cross-sectional studies. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement's guidelines were followed in this systematic study. Results: In all, 9,718 references were screened, of which 22 articles were included. A total of 15 CVD risk models were summarized. Except for the Cardiovascular Health in Ambulatory Care Research Team (CANHEART) health index, the other 14 CVD risk models were associated with dementia and cognitive decline. In comparison, different CVD risk models and domain-specific cognitive function correlation variation depended on cohort characteristics, risk models, cognitive function tests, and study designs. Moreover, it needed to be clarified when comparing the predicting performance of different CVD risk models. Conclusion: It is significant for public health to improve disease risk prediction and prevention and mitigate the potential adverse effects of the heart on the brain. More cohort studies are warranted to prove the correlation between CVD risk models and cognitive function. Moreover, further studies are encouraged to compare the efficacy of CVD risk models in predicting cognitive disorders.

Risk factors of facial herpes simplex after percutaneous microballoon compression for trigeminal neuralgia: A retrospective case-cohort study..

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous microballoon compression (PMC) is an important clinical technique for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Some studies have shown that patients may be infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) after surgery. However, the prevalence and associated risk factors are unclear yet. This study aimed to explore the potential risk factors of facial herpes simplex (FHS) in patients with TN treated by PMC retrospectively. METHODS: A retrospective study included 181 patients with TN undergoing PMC treatment between September 2019 and August 2020 in Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute. Depending on whether the patient was infected with HSV-1 after PMC operation or not, the patients were divided into two groups, FHS group and non-FHS group, respectively. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and surgical data of the patients were collected. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to explore the risk factors of infecting with HSV-1 in patients with TN after PMC. RESULTS: Among 181 patients with TN treated by PMC surgery without FHS. 49 patients were diagnosed with FHS after operation, and the diagnosis was confirmed by PCR detection of HSV-1. All patients had no FHS before operation, the occurrence of FHS was 27.07% (49/181) in patients underwent PMC. Variables with p<0.05 in univariable analysis included gender (male/female), age, duration of disease and CD8+ T cells count. The results of multivariable logistic regression analysis showed the independent risk factors of FHS after PMC were gender (male/female) (p<0.01, OR 0.061, 95% CI 0.009~0.428), age (p<0.001, OR 1.169, 95% CI 1.065~1.283), duration of disease (p<0.001, OR 1.361, 95% CI 1.206~1.535) and CD8+T cells count (p<0.01, OR 0.993, 95% CI 0.989~0.998). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, we found that elderly patients and duration of disease were the risk factors of occurring FHS in TN patients after PMC surgery. CD8+T cells count and male gender were the protective factors for not developing FHS.

Past, present and future of living systematic review: a bibliometrics analysis.

INTRODUCTION: In recent years, the concept of living systematic review (LSR) has attracted the attention of many scholars and institutions. A growing number of studies have been conducted based on LSR methodology, but their focus direction is unclear. The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of existing LSR-related studies and to analyse their whole picture and future trends with bibliometrics. METHODS: A comprehensive search strategy was used to construct a representative dataset of LSRs up to October 2021. GraphPad V.8.2.1 and Mindmaster Pro presented the basic information of the included studies and the timeline of LSR development, respectively. The author and country cooperation network, hotspot distribution clustering, historical citation network and future development trend prediction related to LSR were visualised by VOSviewer V.1.6.16 and R-Studio V.1.4. RESULTS: A total of 213 studies were eventually included. The concept of LSR was first proposed in 2014, and the number of studies has proliferated since 2020. There was a closer collaboration between author teams and more frequent LSR research development and collaboration in Europe, North America and Australia. Numerous LSR studies have been published in high-impact journals. COVID-19 is the predominant disease of concern at this stage, and the rehabilitation of its patients and virological studies are possible directions of research in LSR for a long time to come. A review of existing studies found that more than half of the LSR series had not yet been updated and that the method needed to be more standardised in practice. CONCLUSION: Although LSR has a relatively short history, it has received much attention and currently has a high overall acceptance. The LSR methodology was further practised in COVID-19, and we look forward to seeing it applied in more areas.

Chinese herbal medicine and COVID-19: quality evaluation of clinical guidelines and expert consensus and analysis of key recommendations.

To systematically review the clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), assess the methodological quality as well as clinical credibility and implementability of specific recommendations, and summarize key recommendations. Methods: As of April 2022, we conducted a comprehensive search on major electronic databases, guideline websites, academic society websites, and government websites to assess the methodological quality and clinical applicability of the included CPGs using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II tool and Evaluation-Recommendations EXcellence (AGREE-REX) instructions, respectively. Results: The search yielded 61 CPGs, which were mostly published in 2020; moreover, 98.4% of the CPGs were published in China. Only five CPGs achieved a high-quality AGREE II rating; further, six CPGs could be directly recommended, with most of the CPGs still showing much room for improvement. CPGs had a low overall score in the AGREE-REX evaluation, with the domains of clinical applicability, values and preferences, and implementability being standardized in 21.80% ±â€…12.56%, 16.00% ±â€…11.81%, and 31.33% ±â€…14.55% of the CPGs, respectively. Five high-quality CPGs mentioned 56 Chinese herbal formulas. Half of the recommendations had moderate or strong evidence level in the GRADE evaluation. The most frequently recommended herbal medicines were Lianhua Qingwen granule/capsule and Jinhua Qinggan granule; however, the strength of recommendation for each prescription varied across CPGs and populations. Conclusions: The overall quality of current CPGs for COVID-19 for CHM still needs to be improved; moreover, the strength of the evidence remains to be standardized across CPGs. Graphical abstract: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A34.

Purification and biochemical characterization of Arabidopsis At-NEET, an ancient iron-sulfur protein, reveals a conserved cleavage motif for subcellular localization.

CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing proteins (CISDs) are newly discovered proteins with electron-accepting and electron-donating moieties. Although the CISDs of plants and animals show high sequence similarity in their CDGSH domain at the C-terminus, their N-terminal peptides have low sequence homology. Here, we show that At-NEET, a recently identified Arabidopsis CISD, contains a cleavable N-terminal peptide for chloroplast targeting, which is different from the uncleavable N-terminal peptide of mammal CISDs for mitochondrial outer membrane localization. Using affinity purification to isolate endogenous At-NEET, we identified a consensus sequence for the chloroplast transit peptide cleavage site of V-[R/K]↓A-E in At-NEET as well as other plant CISDs. Moreover, chloroplast subfractionation and immunogold labeling experiments showed that At-NEET localizes to the stroma of chloroplast. In addition, biochemical characterization revealed that At-NEET contains a conserved Cys(3)-His(1) ligand in the CDGSH domain, which is essential for coordination of 2Fe-2S clusters and protein folding. Our findings suggest that plant and animal CISDs contain an evolutionarily conserved CDGSH domain. However, they show different subcellular localization patterns that may result in distinct physiological functions.