Correction: Comparing Vision-Capable Models, GPT-4 and Gemini, With GPT-3.5 on Taiwan's Pulmonologist Exam.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.67641.].

Comparing Vision-Capable Models, GPT-4 and Gemini, With GPT-3.5 on Taiwan's Pulmonologist Exam.

Introduction The latest generation of large language models (LLMs) features multimodal capabilities, allowing them to interpret graphics, images, and videos, which are crucial in medical fields. This study investigates the vision capabilities of the next-generation Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4) and Google's Gemini. Methods To establish a comparative baseline, we used GPT-3.5, a model limited to text processing, and evaluated the performance of both GPT-4 and Gemini on questions from the Taiwan Specialist Board Exams in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine. Our dataset included 1,100 questions from 2012 to 2023, with 100 questions per year. Of these, 1,059 were in pure text and 41 were text with images, with the majority in a non-English language and only six in pure English. Results For each annual exam consisting of 100 questions from 2013 to 2023, GPT-4 achieved scores of 66, 69, 51, 64, 72, 64, 66, 64, 63, 68, and 67, respectively. Gemini scored 45, 48, 45, 45, 46, 59, 54, 41, 53, 45, and 45, while GPT-3.5 scored 39, 33, 35, 36, 32, 33, 43, 28, 32, 33, and 36. Conclusions These results demonstrate that the newer LLMs with vision capabilities significantly outperform the text-only model. When a passing score of 60 was set, GPT-4 passed most exams and approached human performance.

Factors associated with endometrial bleeding in continuous hormone replacement therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical and laboratory parameters associated with the occurrence of endometrial bleeding within the first 6 months of treatment in postmenopausal women taking continuous hormone replacement therapy. DESIGN: We performed a prospective study of 55 postmenopausal women who had amenorrhea for at least 12 months before baseline screening and were taking 0.625 mg conjugated estrogen and 5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate daily on a continuous basis. Postmenopausal duration was defined as the interval, in months, between the last menstruation and the commencement of treatment. All subjects were instructed to monitor bleeding episodes in a diary and were followed up monthly for at least 12 months. RESULTS: Thirty-four women (62%) experienced bleeding within the first 6 months of treatment. Using a multivariate approach, a woman with a postmenopausal duration of 24 months or less had a relative risk of 8.2 (95% confidence limits: 1.3, 53.1) of bleeding, as compared with those with a postmenopausal duration of more than 24 months. Furthermore, pretreatment endometrial thickness greater than 5 mm (p < 0.05) and serum estradiol levels greater than 25 pg/mL (p < 0.01) were noted to be significantly correlated with the occurrence of bleeding in women with a postmenopausal duration of more than 24 months. CONCLUSIONS: Women with a postmenopausal duration of 24 months or less, a pretreatment endometrial thickness greater than 5 mm, and serum estradiol level greater than 25 pg/mL are at risk to have endometrial bleeding within the first 6 months of continuous hormone replacement therapy.