Intergenerational or intragenerational learning? The relationship between interpersonal neural synchrony and older adult's learning acquisition.

OBJECTIVES: Lifelong learning facilitates active ageing, and intragenerational learning-the process by which older adults learn from their peers-is an effective means of achieving this goal. The present research aims to elucidate the mechanisms and differences between intergenerational and intragenerational learning models for older adults as evidenced by brain-to-brain synchrony. METHODS: Fifty-six instructor-learner dyads completed a study comparing intergenerational and intragenerational learning models, as well as task difficulty. The study utilized a block puzzle task and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for hyperscanning. RESULTS: The instructor-learner dyads showed greater interpersonal neural synchrony (INS) and learning acquisition in the intragenerational learning model in the difficult task condition (t (54) = 3.49, p < 0.01), whereas the two learning models yielded similar results in the easy condition (t (54) = 1.96, p = 0.06). In addition, INS and self-efficacy mediated the association between learning models and learning acquisition in older adults (b = 0.14, SEM = 0.04, 95 % CI [0.01 0.16]). DISCUSSION: This study is the first to provide evidence of interbrain synchrony in an investigation of the intragenerational learning model in older adults. Our findings suggest that intra-learning is as effective as traditional inter-learning and may be more effective in certain contexts, such as difficult tasks. Encouraging intra-learning in community service or educational activities can effectively mitigate the challenge of limited volunteers and enhance learning acquisition among older adults.

Ultra-Broadband Ultraviolet-Visible Light-Short Wavelength Infrared InGaAs Focal Plane Arrays via n-InP Contact Layer Removal.

PIN InGaAs short wavelength infrared (SWIR) focal plane array (FPA) detectors have attracted extensive attention due to their high detectivity, high quantum efficiency, room temperature operation, low dark current, and good radiation resistance. Furthermore, InGaAs FPA detectors have wide applications in many fields, such as aviation safety, biomedicine, camouflage recognition, and infrared night vision. Recently, extensive research has been conducted on the extension of the response spectrum from short wavelength infrared (SWIR) to visible light (VIS) through InP substrate removal and reserving the n-InP contact layer. However, there is little research on the absorption of InGaAs detectors in the ultraviolet (UV) band. In this paper, we present an ultra-broadband UV-VIS-SWIR 640 × 512 15 µm InGaAs FPA detector by removing the n-InP contact layer in the active area and reserving the InP contact layer around the pixels for n contact, creating incident light to be directly absorbed by the In0.53Ga0.47As absorption layer. In addition, the optical absorption characteristics of InGaAs infrared detectors with and without an n-InP contact layer are studied theoretically. The test results show that the spectral response is extended to the range of 200-1700 nm. The quantum efficiency is higher than 45% over a broad wavelength range of 300-1650 nm. The operability is up to 99.98%, and the responsivity non-uniformity is 3.28%. The imaging capability of InGaAs FPAs without the n-InP contact layer has also been demonstrated, which proves the feasibility of simultaneous detection for these three bands.

Finite element analysis of female pelvic organ prolapse mechanism: current landscape and future opportunities.

The prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) has been steadily increasing over the years, rendering it a pressing global health concern that significantly impacts women's physical and mental wellbeing as well as their overall quality of life. With the advancement of three-dimensional reconstruction and computer simulation techniques for pelvic floor structures, research on POP has progressively shifted toward a biomechanical focus. Finite element (FE) analysis is an established tool to analyze the biomechanics of complex systems. With the advancement of computer technology, an increasing number of researchers are now employing FE analysis to investigate the pathogenesis of POP in women. There is a considerable number of research on the female pelvic FE analysis and to date there has been less review of this technique. In this review article, we summarized the current research status of FE analysis in various types of POP diseases and provided a detailed explanation of the issues and future development in pelvic floor disorders. Currently, the application of FE analysis in POP is still in its exploratory stage and has inherent limitations. Through continuous development and optimization of various technologies, this technique can be employed with greater accuracy to depict the true functional state of the pelvic floor, thereby enhancing the supplementation of the POP mechanism from the perspective of computer biomechanics.

Suppression of the Electrical Crosstalk of Planar-Type High-Density InGaAs Detectors with a Guard Hole.

The resolution of InGaAs FPA detectors is degraded by the electrical crosstalk, which is especially severe in high-density FPAs. We propose a guard-hole structure to suppress the electrical crosstalk in a planar-type 640 × 512 15 µm InGaAs short wavelength infrared FPA detector. For comparison, the frequently used guard ring is also prepared according to the same processing. The calculation results show that the electrical crosstalk with a guard hole is suppressed from 13.4% to 4.5%, reducing by 66%, while the electrical crosstalk with a guard ring is suppressed to 0.4%. Furthermore, we discuss the effects of the guard ring and the guard hole on the dark current, quantum efficiency, and detectivity. Experimental results show the detector with a guard-hole structure has higher performance compared with the detector with a guard-ring structure, the dark current density is reduced by 60%, the QE is increased by 64.5%, and the detectivity is increased by 1.36 times, respectively. The guard-hole structure provides a novel suppression method for the electrical crosstalk of high-density InGaAs detectors.

Investigation for GSK3ß expression in diabetic osteoporosis and negative osteogenic effects of GSK3ß on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells under a high glucose microenvironment.

Osteoporosis is a common skeletal complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of diabetic osteoporosis are complex. Glycogen synthase kinase-3ß (GSK-3ß) is a widely expressed serine/threonine kinase and associated with both DM and bone metabolism, which arouse our concern. In this study, we established the diabetic mouse model by high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin injection. Decreased bone mass and reduced osteogenesis were observed in femurs of the mice. Besides, we identified that there is an activated expression of GSK3ß in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) of diabetic mice. To explore the link between GSK3ß and diabetic osteoporosis, we exposed BMSCs to a high glucose microenvironment in vitro and discovered that the glucose-induced GSK3ß activation has negative osteogenic effects on BMSCs by suppressing ß-catenin/Tcf7/Ccn4 signaling axis. Inhibition of GSK3ß by specific concentrations of LiCl could reverse the impaired osteogenesis of BMSCs and increase expression of ß-catenin, Tcf7 and Ccn4. Our research indicated that abnormal activation of GSK3ß plays a role in diabetic osteoporosis and might be a potential target to treat diabetic osteoporosis.