[Animal study on left bundle branch current of injury and anatomic location of leads in His-purkinje conduction system pacing].

Objective: Explore the relationship between tip of the left bundle branch pacing lead and anatomic location of left bundle branch as well as the mechanism of left bundle branch current of injury. To clarify the clinical value of left bundle branch current of injury during operation. Methods: The pacing leads were implanted in the hearts of two living swines. Intraoperative electrophysiological study confirmed that the left bundle branch or only the deep left ventricular septum was captured at low output. Immediately after operation, the gross specimen of swine hearts was stained with iodine to observe the gross distribution of His-purkinje conduction system on the left ventricular endocardium and its relationship with the leads. Subsequently, the swine hearts were fixed with formalin solution, and the pacing leads were removed after the positions were marked. The swine hearts were then sectioned and stained with Masson and Goldner trichrome, and the relationship between the anatomic location of the conduction system and the tip of the lead was observed under a light microscope. Results: After iodine staining of the specimen, the His-purkinje conduction system was observed with the naked eye in a net-like distribution, and the lead tip was screwed deeply and fixed in the left bundle branch area of the left ventricular subendocardium in the ventricular septum. Masson and Goldner trichrome staining showed that left bundle branch pacing lead directly passed through the left bundle branch when there was left bundle branch potential with left bundle branch current of injury, while it was not directly contact the left bundle branch when there was left bundle branch potential without left bundle branch current of injury. Conclusion: The left bundle branch current of injury observed on intracardiac electrocardiogram during His-purkinje conduction system pacing suggests that the pacing lead directly contacted the conduction bundle or its branches, therefore, the captured threshold was relatively low. Left bundle branch current of injury can be used as an important anatomic and electrophysiological evidence of left bundle branch capture.

[A randomized controlled study on the long-term efficacy of intra-cervical lymphatic immunotherapy for adult allergic rhinitis].

Objective: To determine the long-term efficacy and safety of intra-cervical lymphatic immunotherapy (ICLIT) for adult allergic rhinitis (AR) by comparing it with subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT). Methods: A total of 100 adult AR patients with dust mite allergy in Department of Otorhinolaryngology, First People's Hospital of Foshan from Feb 2018 to Dec 2019 were randomly divided into two groups, 50 in SCIT group [including 42 males and 8 females, aging (32.55±9.72) years] and 50 in ICLIT group [including 45 males and 5 females, aging (31.33±9.84) years]. The changes in total symptom score (total system score, TSS), nasal symptom score (total nasal symptom score, TNSS), eye symptom score (total ocular scoring system, TOSS), drug score (total medication score, TMS), and quality of life score of the two groups of patients were evaluated before and after treatment, and the adverse reactions of all patients during the treatment period were recorded. The changes in the level of dust mite specific IgE (sIgE) in the serum were evaluated. GraphPad Prism 9.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: In the SCIT group, 38 patients completed treatment and follow-up, with a dropout rate of 24%. In the ICLIT group, 48 patients completed treatment and follow-up, with a dropout rate of only 4%. The scores of TSS, TNSS, TOSS, TMS, and quality of life in the ICLIT group before treatment were 32.1±3.0, 27.3±3.1, 4.8±2.8, 2.3±0.9, and 68.1±28.7, respectively; After 36 months of treatment, the scores were 21.8±11.4, 18.1±9.4, 3.7±2.9, 1.3±1.1, and 36.0±26.7, respectively, which were significantly lower than those before treatment (all P<0.001). After 36 months of treatment, the TSS of the ICLIT group improved by 10.3±11.2 compared to before, while the TSS of the SCIT group improved significantly by 21.9±11.0 compared to before, with statistically significant differences between the groups (P<0.001). No serious systemic adverse reactions occurred in both groups of patients. Conclusions: ICLIT treatment for adult AR has long-term efficacy, high safety, and high compliance, but its long-term efficacy is not as good as SCIT. ICLIT can be considered as a new complementary option for AR immunotherapy.

Mass Measurement of Upper fp-Shell N=Z-2 and N=Z-1 Nuclei and the Importance of Three-Nucleon Force along the N=Z Line.

Using a novel method of isochronous mass spectrometry, the masses of ^{62}Ge, ^{64}As, ^{66}Se, and ^{70}Kr are measured for the first time, and the masses of ^{58}Zn, ^{61}Ga, ^{63}Ge, ^{65}As, ^{67}Se, ^{71}Kr, and ^{75}Sr are redetermined with improved accuracy. The new masses allow us to derive residual proton-neutron interactions (δV_{pn}) in the N=Z nuclei, which are found to decrease (increase) with increasing mass A for even-even (odd-odd) nuclei beyond Z=28. This bifurcation of δV_{pn} cannot be reproduced by the available mass models, nor is it consistent with expectations of a pseudo-SU(4) symmetry restoration in the fp shell. We performed ab initio calculations with a chiral three-nucleon force (3NF) included, which indicate the enhancement of the T=1 pn pairing over the T=0 pn pairing in this mass region, leading to the opposite evolving trends of δV_{pn} in even-even and odd-odd nuclei.

MRI features and whole-lesion apparent diffusion coefficient histogram analysis of brain metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer for differentiating epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status.

AIM: To explore the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics and whole-lesion apparent diffusion coefficient histogram analysis of brain metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the differentiation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight patients with brain metastases from NSCLC were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients were subtyped into EGFR mutation (23 cases) and wild-type (25 cases) groups. Whole-lesion histogram metrics were derived from the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, and imaging features were evaluated according to conventional MRI. Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test, chi-squared test, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed to discriminate the two groups and to determine the diagnostic efficacy of ADC histogram parameters. RESULTS: EGFR mutation group had more multiple brain metastases, less peritumoural brain oedema (PTBO), and lower peritumoural brain oedema index (PTBO-I) than EGFR wild-type group (all p<0.05). In addition, 90th and 75th percentiles of ADC and maximum ADC in the EGFR mutation group were significantly higher than in the EGFR wild-type group (all p<0.05). Ninetieth percentile of ADC had the highest area under the curve (AUC; 0.711), and it was found to outperform 75th percentile of ADC (AUC, 0.662; p=0.039) and maximum ADC (AUC, 0.681). CONCLUSIONS: Whole-lesion ADC histogram analysis and MRI features of brain metastasis from NSCLC are expected to be potential biomarkers to non-invasively differentiate the EGFR mutation status.

A review on the Role of Oral Nutritional Supplements in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Due to the high smoking rate in developing countries and the rising aging population in high-income countries, the global prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), estimated to be 11.7%, is increasing and is the third-leading cause of mortality. COPD is likely to be present in elderly individuals with impaired gastro-enteric functions. Gastrointestinal congestion, dyspnea, and anxiety are pathophysiological characteristics of COPD, contributing to poor appetite, reduced dietary intake, and high-energy expenditure. These factors are implicated in the progression of malnutrition in COPD patients. Malnutrition is detrimental to lung functions and is associated with an increased risk of infection, exacerbation and mortality, and a longer duration of hospitalization. Therefore, nutritional support to treat malnutrition in COPD patients is very vital. Oral nutritional supplements (ONS) may hold the key to COPD treatment. To clarify this statement, we review current evidence for ONS in COPD patients to benefit from clinical outcomes.

[Immunogenicity and safety of a booster vaccination with an inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine in adults aged 18 to 59 years].

Objective: To assess the immunogenicity and safety of a booster vaccination with an inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine. Methods: The phase Ⅱ trial of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was conducted by Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) since October 2020. The subjects were healthy adults aged 18-59 years, excluding pregnant, and not breastfeeding women. The primary vaccination schedule groups were 0-14 d 5 µg, 0-14 d 10 µg, 0-28 d 5 µg and 0-28 d 10 µg, respectively. And 50 participants in each group, a total of 200, who have received 2-doses primary vaccination were selected in ascending order of the study number and vaccinated with a booster dose (same dosage as primary vaccination) at the 6th months after post the primary vaccination (30-day window period). Blood samples were collected before and after boosting and tested for the geometric mean titers (GMT) and seroconversion of live virus neutralizing antibody, pseudovirus neutralizing antibody and receptor-binding-domain (RBD) IgG antibody. Adverse events (AE) were collected and assessed within 28 days after boosting. Results: The ages of subjects in group 0-14 d 5 µg, 0-14 d 10 µg, 0-28 d 5 µg and 0-28 d 10 µg were (43.98±9.58), (43.46±9.34), (42.56±9.08) and (43.94±11.05) years old, respectively (P=0.877). Sex ratios were balanced among the 4 groups (P=0.331). The live virus neutralizing antibody GMT (95%CI) in group 0-14 d 5 µg, 0-14 d 10 µg, 0-28 d 5 µg and 0-28 d 10 µg increased from 4.07 (3.30-5.04), 3.75 (3.08-4.55), 8.33 (7.01-11.11) and 7.69 (6.19-9.57) before the booster vaccination to 284.84 (215.28-376.86), 233.05 (178.61-304.08), 274.81 (223.64-337.68) and 280.77 (234.59-336.04) in 28 days after the booster vaccination, respectively. The rates of live virus neutralizing antibody seroconversion were all 100% in the 4 groups. The AE incidences following booster vaccination were 18.0% (9 cases), 4.0% (2 cases), 12% (6 cases), and 12% (6 cases) in the 4 groups(P=0.182). No AE was graded as level 3 or worse. No serious AE was reported. Conclusion: One booster vaccination of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administered 6 months after primary vaccination showed good immunogenicity and safety.

[Antigenic evolution of influenza virus and the implications for influenza vaccine development].

Influenza virus has a continuous and extensive impact on human health around the world. Its extensive animal host characteristics and highly variable characteristics lead to continuous antigen drift and change of susceptible populations, causing repeated global influenza epidemics, and also affecting the protective effect of seasonal influenza vaccine. This research in a number of subtypes of influenza a virus, for example, from the antigenic drift of antigenicity, influence of the seasonal influenza vaccine strains and popular strain compatibility, broad-spectrum flu vaccine development train of thought, etc. summarizes the progress of relevant research, to deepen the understanding of the influenza virus antigenic evolution, provide reference for flu vaccine development in the future.

Direct Q-Value Determination of the ß

The cyclotron frequency ratio of ^{187}Os^{29+} to ^{187}Re^{29+} ions was measured with the Penning-trap mass spectrometer PENTATRAP. The achieved result of R=1.000 000 013 882(5) is to date the most precise such measurement performed on ions. Furthermore, the total binding-energy difference of the 29 missing electrons in Re and Os was calculated by relativistic multiconfiguration methods, yielding the value of ΔE=53.5(10) eV. Finally, using the achieved results, the mass difference between neutral ^{187}Re and ^{187}Os, i.e., the Q value of the ß^{-} decay of ^{187}Re, is determined to be 2470.9(13) eV.

Association between serum amyloid A levels and predicting disase severity in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Global health resources have faced huge challenges from the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since December 2019. Numerous clinical reports have focused on the association of serum amyloid A (SAA) levels with severe COVID-19. However, a systematic analysis synthesizing these findings has not been performed. This meta-analysis aims to systematically review the role of SAA levels in distinguishing among patients with mild, severe, and critical COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases from the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak to February 1, 2021. Two investigators independently reviewed suitable studies. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and correlation coefficients (r) were computed using a random-effects model. RESULTS: We included 19 of 317 titles identified by our search, involving a total of 1806 mild cases and 1529 severe cases. Compared with the mild group, the severe group had markedly higher SAA levels (SMD=1.155, 95% CI 0.89, 1.42). Subgroup analysis revealed that the SAA level differences between the severe group and the mild group were associated with age, sample size, and detection method. Sensitivity analyses showed the credibility and robustness of our results. In addition, in six studies involving 1144 patients with severe COVID-19 and 433 patients with critical COVID-19, SAA was significantly higher in patients with critical COVID-19 (SMD=0.476, 95% CI 0.13, 0.82). CONCLUSIONS: High circulating SAA levels were markedly associated with COVID-19 severity, especially for subjects aged less than 50 years, compared with patients with mild COVID-19. SAA concentrations were also significantly higher in patients with critical COVID-19 compared with those with severe COVID-19. Further studies in large cohorts are needed to confirm whether the SAA is a useful tool in discriminating among patients with stable COVID-19, those with acute exacerbations, and subjects without disease.

[Survey of Oncomelania hupensis in national schistosomiasis surveillance sites of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2015 to 2019].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution characteristics of Oncomelania hupensis in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, so as to provide insights into the assessment of the risk of schistosomiasis transmission and the scientific formulation of the schistosomiasis surveillance strategy. METHODS: From 2015 to 2019, a total of 19 national schistosomiasis surveillance sites were assigned in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, including 4 fixed sites and 15 mobile sites. Snail survey was performed by means of systematic sampling in combination with environmental sampling, and the infection of Schistosoma japonicum was detected by the crushing method combined with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. RESULTS: From 2015 to 2019, snail habitats were detected at areas of 17 040 to 39 527 m2, including 6 214 m2 emerging snail habitats and 16 563 m2 re-emerging snail habitats. The overall mean density of living snails was 0.019 2 snails/0.1 m2 and the occurrence of frames with snails was 1.11% in the national schistosomiasis surveillance sites; however, no S. japonicum infection was identified in snails. The area of snail habitats increased by 121.46% in the national surveillance sites in 2019 as compared to that in 2015; however, 50.34% (Z = -0.422, P > 0.05) and 42.85% (χ2 = 130.41, P < 0.01) reductions were seen in the overall means density of living snails and the occurrence of frames with snails. All snail habitats were distributed in the 4 fixed surveillance sites, and were mainly found in ditches, paddy fields and dry lands, with weeds as the primary vegetation type. CONCLUSIONS: There are still risk factors leading to re-emergent transmission of schistosomiasis in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, such as local snail spread, and the monitoring of schistosomiasis remains to be reinforced to further consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis elimination in the region.

One-year outcomes of an osteoporosis liaison services program initiated within a healthcare system.

Due to the huge gap in the care of patients with osteoporosis and fragility fractures, we aimed to explore the effectiveness of the osteoporosis liaison service (OLS) in osteoporosis care. We found that OLS can improve osteoporosis care, including increasing medication compliance, increasing calcium/vitamin D/protein intake, and reducing fall rate. INTRODUCTION: A significant gap exists in the care of patients with osteoporosis and fragility fractures. This study aimed to evaluate 1-year outcomes of an osteoporosis liaison service (OLS) program that includes two independent components: medication management services (MMS) to improve medication adherence and fracture liaison services (FLS) for secondary prevention. METHODS: Patients with new hip fracture or untreated vertebral fractures enrolled in the FLS program (n = 600), and those with osteoporosis medication management issues but not necessarily fragility fractures enrolled in the MMS program (n = 499) were included. To evaluate outcomes, care coordinators assessed baseline items adapted from the 13 Best Practices Framework (BPF) standards of the International Osteoporosis Foundation, with telephone follow-up every 4 months for 1 year. RESULTS: Mean age of this cohort was 76.2 ± 10.3 years, 78.8% were female. After 1-year participation in the program, all patients had received bone mineral density tests, and medication adherence for the entire cohort at 12 months was 91.9 ± 19.6%, with significant improvement in fall rates (23.4% reduction), exercise rates (16.8% increase), calcium intake (26.5% increase), vitamin D intake (26.4% increase), and adequate protein intake (17.3% increase) (all p < 0.05). After 1-year OLS program, the overall rates of mortality, incident fracture, and falls were 6.6%, 4.0%, and 24.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The OLS program is associated with improved osteoporosis care, including increased medication adherence, calcium/vitamin D and protein intake, and reduced fall rate.

[Cross-reaction of seasonal influenza vaccine immune serum against Eurasian Avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus].

Objective: To evaluate the cross-reaction of seasonal influenza vaccine immune serum against Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus. Methods: Nine human infected Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus strains were obtained from national influenza surveillance network laboratories in Jiangsu, Hebei, Shandong, Yunnan, Hunan, Fujian and Tianjin provinces, and their genetic characteristics of hemagglutinin were analyzed by deep sequencing. 30 volunteers were recruited respectively from children (2-5 years old), adults (24-57 years old) and elderly (60-84 years old) who received 2019-2020 seasonal influenza vaccine in Anning city, Yunnan Province in October 2019, and serum samples were collected before and 1 month after vaccination. The hemagglutination inhibition test was used to evaluate the cross-reaction of serum before and after immunization against 4 strains of human infection with Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus isolated since 2015. Results: The homology of hemagglutinin genes of 9 Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza viruses was similar, but the difference of hemagglutinin heavy chain and light chain amino acid genes with A (H1N1) pdm09 (vaccine strain) were 90-101 and 24-30 amino acids respectively. The antibody titer of vaccine strain antiserum to vaccine strain was 2 560; the antibody titers of the vaccine strain antiserum to Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus and the Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus antiserum to vaccine strain were same as 640. The proportion of children, adults and elderly vaccinated with seasonal influenza vaccine with antibody titer ≥40 against vaccine strain was 90.0%, 70.0% and 73.3%, respectively; while the proportion merely were 46.7%, 36.7% and 33.3%-43.3% to 4 strains of Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus, respectively. Conclusion: Seasonal influenza vaccination does not provide effective cross-protection against Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus.

The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as a novel predictor of asthma and its exacerbation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: It is widely known that the main white blood cell populations, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), are involved in systemic inflammation. The usefulness of NLR measurements has been reported in patients with asthma. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies to investigate the relationship between the NLR and asthma and its exacerbations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed and Embase databases for studies (published between Jan 1, 1950 and Jan 2, 2020; no language restrictions) comparing the NLR values in patients with stable asthma or asthma exacerbations to healthy controls. We assessed pooled data by use of a random-effects model. RESULTS: Of 260 identified studies, 6 were eligible and were included in our analysis (N = 2418 participants). Compared with 439 healthy controls, 743 stable asthma patients in four studies showed significantly greater NLR values (standardized mean difference, SMD, 0.567, 95% CI 0.212-0.922; p = 0.002). Furthermore, compared with 1063 stable asthma patients, 402 asthma exacerbation patients yielded significantly greater NLR values (random effects SMD 1.335, 95% CI 0.429-2.241; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis showed that the NLR values are a reasonable and easy-to-use marker for asthma and its exacerbations. Further studies, with larger sample sizes and more phenotypes, are required to establish its use as a predictive parameter in asthma.

[Evaluation and embolization strategy by ASITN/SIR grade for injured internal carotid artery of nasopharyngeal carcinoma].

Objective: To study the strategy of endovascular treatment for patients with the risks of internal carotid artery (ICA) rupture and bleeding during the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) based on American Society of Intervention and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology (ASITN/SIR) grade of collateral circulation. Methods: A total of 56 patients (45 males and 11 females, aged from 28 to 76 years old) diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University from July 2018 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 15 cases of ASITN/SIR grade 4, 24 cases of ASITN/SIR grade 3, 5 cases of ASITN/SIR grade 2, 5 cases of ASITN/SIR grade 1, and 7 cases of ASITN/SIR grade 0. The events of stroke and death were analyzed statistically. Results: ALL patients with ASITN/SIR grade 4 or 3 and some of patients with ASITN/SIR grades 2-0 passed balloon occlusion test and electrophysiological monitoring. ICA pseudoaneurysm was found in 35 patients, and one-stage ICA embolization was performed in 29 patients after evaluation. Among them, 8 cases of ASITN/SIR grade 4 and 10 cases of ASITN/SIR grade 3 with obvious posterior circulation compensation obtained successful one-stage ICA embolization without cerebral ischemia; cerebral ischemic events occurred in 5 (55.6%) of 9 patients with ASITN/SIR grade 3 and in 1(50.0%) of 2 patients with ASITN/SIR grade 2. The total incidence of ischemic events was 20.7% (6/29) and 1 case was disabled (1/29, 3.4%). Among patients with ASITN/SIR 3, there were statistically significant differences in stroke event rate between patients with obvious posterior circulation compensation and patients with slight or without posterior circulation compensation (0/10 vs. 5/9, χ(2)=4.95, P=0.026). Follow-up time was 10.1±7.8 months, and 46 patients were survival (46/56, 82.1%) and 10 patients died (10/56, 17.9%) with a mean survival time of 2.6±1.4 months. Conclusions: For NPC patients with ICA invasion, ASITN/SIR based on DSA can simplify the assessment process of cerebral blood flow compensation. ICA can be embolized directly in patients with ASITN/SIR 4 or 3 with obvious posterior communicating compensation.

Gene polymorphisms of SOCS1 and SOCS2 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

OBJECTIVE: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) causes the dysfunction of the systemic blood system and immune system. The etiology and predisposing factors of ALL are unknown. The suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and SOCS2 are inhibitors of cytokine signal transduction. Gene polymorphisms of SOCS1 and SOCS2 and their expressions may be related to ALL. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 200 ALL patients in our hospital and 200 healthy people were enrolled in ALL group and control group, respectively. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs) and total RNAs were extracted from the peripheral blood of each subject. Gene polymorphisms of SOCS1 at rs33977706, rs243327, and rs33932899 and those of SOCS2 at rs3816997 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. Besides, the expression levels of SOCS1 and SOCS2 in ALL patients were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. RESULTS: The frequency of the allele C of SOCS1 rs33977706 in ALL group was lower than that in the control group, displaying a significant difference between the two groups (p=0.015). The frequency of allele A of SOCS2 rs3816997 was notably higher in ALL group than that of the control group (p=0.000). In addition, the frequency of CA genotype of SOCS1 rs33977706 in ALL group was markedly lower than that in the control group, showing a significant difference (p=0.000). ALL group had remarkably higher frequencies of AA genotype of SOCS2 rs3816997 (p=0.000) and ACC haplotype of SOCS gene (p=0.000), and lower frequencies of ATG (p=0.026) and CCC (p=0.006) haplotypes. The two loci, SOCS1 rs33932899 and SOCS1 rs243327, were linked to each other (D'=0.781). Moreover, the expression level of SOCS1 in ALL group was lower than that in the control group, in which the expression of the CT genotype of SOCS1 rs243327 was relatively higher (p=0.021). SOCS2 level was lower in ALL group. Particularly, SOCS2 level in ALL patients carrying AC genotype was lower than those carrying AA and CC genotypes (p=0.000). ALL patients carrying CT genotype of SOCS1 rs243327 had shorter period of agranulocytosis (p=0.000), a lower ratio of bone marrow primitive/immature cells (p=0.001), and a higher hemoglobin (Hb) level in blood (p=0.000). The ratio of bone marrow primordial/immature cells was lower in ALL patients with AC genotype of SOCS2 rs3816997 (p=0.038). CONCLUSIONS: The expression levels of SOCS1 and SOCS2 are prominently related to ALL, and their polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility to ALL.

Detection of metastable electronic states by Penning trap mass spectrometry.

State-of-the-art optical clocks1 achieve precisions of 10-18 or better using ensembles of atoms in optical lattices2,3 or individual ions in radio-frequency traps4,5. Promising candidates for use in atomic clocks are highly charged ions6 (HCIs) and nuclear transitions7, which are largely insensitive to external perturbations and reach wavelengths beyond the optical range8 that are accessible to frequency combs9. However, insufficiently accurate atomic structure calculations hinder the identification of suitable transitions in HCIs. Here we report the observation of a long-lived metastable electronic state in an HCI by measuring the mass difference between the ground and excited states in rhenium, providing a non-destructive, direct determination of an electronic excitation energy. The result is in agreement with advanced calculations. We use the high-precision Penning trap mass spectrometer PENTATRAP to measure the cyclotron frequency ratio of the ground state to the metastable state of the ion with a precision of 10-11-an improvement by a factor of ten compared with previous measurements10,11. With a lifetime of about 130 days, the potential soft-X-ray frequency reference at 4.96 × 1016 hertz (corresponding to a transition energy of 202 electronvolts) has a linewidth of only 5 × 10-8 hertz and one of the highest electronic quality factors (1024) measured experimentally so far. The low uncertainty of our method will enable searches for further soft-X-ray clock transitions8,12 in HCIs, which are required for precision studies of fundamental physics6.

Mass-Difference Measurements on Heavy Nuclides with an eV/c

First ever measurements of the ratios of free cyclotron frequencies of heavy, highly charged ions with Z>50 with relative uncertainties close to 10^{-11} are presented. Such accurate measurements have become realistic due to the construction of the novel cryogenic multi-Penning-trap mass spectrometer PENTATRAP. Based on the measured frequency ratios, the mass differences of five pairs of stable xenon isotopes, ranging from ^{126}Xe to ^{134}Xe, have been determined. Moreover, the first direct measurement of an electron binding energy in a heavy highly charged ion, namely of the 37th atomic electron in xenon, with an uncertainty of a few eV is demonstrated. The obtained value agrees with the calculated one using two independent, different implementations of the multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock method. PENTATRAP opens the door to future measurements of electron binding energies in highly charged heavy ions for more stringent tests of bound-state quantum electrodynamics in strong electromagnetic fields and for an investigation of the manifestation of light dark matter in isotopic chains of certain chemical elements.