Characterization of flavour components and identification of lipid flavour precursors in different cuts of pork by phospholipidomics.

The lipids and volatile compounds in pork from different parts, including the loin, belly, shoulder and hind leg were analyzed by triple quadrupole tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Q-TOF/MS) and gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS), respectively. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) and Pearson correlation analysis were utilized to establish the relationship between the lipids and volatile compounds. A total of 8 main flavour substances, 38 main phospholipids, and 32 main fatty acids were identified. The results showed that the key flavour compounds were mainly derived from unsaturated fatty acids and phospholipids containing unsaturated fatty acids, including oleic acid (C18:2n6c), α-Linolenic acid (C18:3n3), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), PE O (18:1/20:4), PE O (18:2/20:4), and PE O (18:2/18:2), etc. Understanding the relationship between flavour compounds and lipids of pork will be helpful to control the quality of pork.

Design and Synthesis of Thiourea-Conjugating Organic Arsenic D-Glucose with Anticancer Activities.

Organic arsenic compounds such as p-aminophenylarsine oxide (p-APAO) are easier for structural optimization to improve drug-like properties such as pharmacokinetic properties, therapeutic efficacy, and target selectivity. In order to strengthen the selectivity of 4-(1,3,2-dithiarsinan-2-yl) aniline 7 to tumor cell, a thiourea moiety was used to strengthen the anticancer activity. To avoid forming a mixture of α/ß anomers, the strategy of 2-acetyl's neighboring group participation was used to lock the configuration of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-ß-d-glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate from 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-d-glucopyranosyl bromide. 1-(4-(1,3,2-dithiarsinan-2-yl) aniline)-2-N-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-ß-d-glucopyranos-1-yl)-thiourea 2 can increase the selectivity of human colon cancer cells HCT-116 (0.82 ± 0.06 µM vs. 1.82 ± 0.07 µM) to human embryonic kidney 293T cells (1.38 ± 0.01 µM vs. 1.22 ± 0.06 µM) from 0.67 to 1.68, suggesting a feasible approach to improve the therapeutic index of arsenic-containing compounds as chemotherapeutic agents.

The OsZIP2 transporter is involved in root-to-shoot translocation and intervascular transfer of cadmium in rice.

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal that poses serious threats to human health. Rice is a major source of dietary Cd but how rice plants transport Cd to the grain is not fully understood. Here, we characterize the function of the ZIP (ZRT, IRT-like protein) family protein, OsZIP2, in the root-to-shoot translocation of Cd and intervascular transfer of Cd in nodes. OsZIP2 is localized at the plasma membrane and exhibited Cd2+ transport activity when heterologously expressed in yeast. OsZIP2 is strongly expressed in xylem parenchyma cells in roots and in enlarged vascular bundles in nodes. Knockout of OsZIP2 significantly enhanced root-to-shoot translocation of Cd and alleviated the inhibition of root elongation by excess Cd stress; whereas overexpression of OsZIP2 decreased Cd translocation to shoots and resulted in Cd sensitivity. Knockout of OsZIP2 increased Cd allocation to the flag leaf but decreased Cd allocation to the panicle and grain. We further reveal that the variation of OsZIP2 expression level contributes to grain Cd concentration among rice germplasms. Our results demonstrate that OsZIP2 functions in root-to-shoot translocation of Cd in roots and intervascular transfer of Cd in nodes, which can be used for breeding low Cd rice varieties.

Analysis of the intestinal microbiota and profiles of blood amino acids and acylcarnitines in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to discuss the distinctive features of the intestinal microbiota in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia and to comprehensively analyse the composition of the intestinal microbiota as well as the levels of free amino acids and acylcarnitines in the peripheral blood of neonates experiencing hyperbilirubinemia. RESULTS: At the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Chloroflexi were the five predominant microbial groups identified in both the hyperbilirubinemia and control groups. Alpha diversity analysis, encompassing seven indices, showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups. However, Beta diversity analysis revealed a significant difference in intestinal microbiota structure between the groups. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) indicated a significant reduction in the abundance of Gammaproteobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae within the hyperbilirubinemia group compared to that in the control group. The heatmap revealed that the control group exhibited increased abundances of Escherichia and Bifidobacterium, while the hyperbilirubinemia group exhibited increased levels of Enterococcus and Streptococcus. Regarding blood amino acids and acylcarnitines, there were greater concentrations of citrulline (Cit), arginine (Arg), ornithine (Orn), and valine (Val) in the hyperbilirubinemia group than in the control group. The hyperbilirubinemia group also exhibited significant increases in medium-chain fatty acids (C6, C8), long-chain fatty acids (C18), and free carnitine (C0). CONCLUSION: By comparing neonates with hyperbilirubinemia to those without, a significant disparity in the community structure of the intestinal microbiota was observed. The intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in the bilirubin metabolism process. The intestinal microbiota of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia exhibited a certain degree of dysbiosis. The abundances of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium were negatively correlated with the bilirubin concentration. Therefore, the fact that neonates with hyperbilirubinemia exhibit some variations in blood amino acid and acylcarnitine levels may provide, to a certain degree, a theoretical basis for clinical treatment and diagnosis.

Parent-child attachment mediates the association between parental conflict perceptions and suicide intention: a cross-sectional survey among middle school students in China.

Introduction: Adolescent suicide is a prevalent issue globally, with various factors contributing to this phenomenon. This study aimed to investigate these factors and their interrelationships to better understand the causes of adolescent suicide and provide evidence for its prevention. Methods: This study conducted among middle school students in Liaoning Province, China, from April to May 2016, A cross-sectional survey was administered to 1,028 students aged 10-19, using instruments such as the Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPIC), and revised version of Inventory of Parent Attachment (IPPA-R). Result: Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that adolescents aged 15-19, adolescents with strong perceptions of parental conflict were at high risk of suicide intention. Adolescents living in rural areas, adolescents with high mother-child attachment, adolescents with high father-child attachment were at low risk of suicide intention. Furthermore, parent-child attachment played a mediating role between two dimensions of parental conflict perception (resolved situations and response effect) and suicide intention. Discussion: The study concludes that adolescents living in urban areas, older adolescents, adolescents with a high level of parental conflict intensity, and those with low levels of parent-child attachment are at high risk of suicide intention. parent-child attachment played a mediating role between two dimensions of parental conflict perception (resolved situations and response effect) and suicide intention. Interventions aimed at reducing family conflicts and improving parent-child relationships are recommended to decrease the incidence of adolescent suicide.

Influence mechanisms of linoleic acid and oleic acid on the gel properties of egg yolk protein.

BACKGROUND: Gel property is among the crucial functional properties of egg yolk (EY), which determines the texture and flavor of EY products. In the present study, the effects of two unsaturated fatty acids [monounsaturated fatty acid oleic acid (OA) and diunsaturated fatty acid linoleic acid (LA)] on the gel properties of EY protein were investigated. RESULTS: Compared with the blank group, the addition of LA and OA (10-50 g kg-1) improved the gel hardness (from 270.54 g to 385.85 g and 414.38 g, respectively) and viscosity coefficient (from 0.015 Pa.sn to 11.892 Pa.sn and 1.812 Pa.sn, respectively). The surface hydrophobicity of EY protein increased to a maximum value of 40 g kg-1 with the addition of both fatty acids (39.06 µg and 41.58 µg, respectively). However, excess unsaturated fatty acids (≥ 50 g kg-1) disrupted the completeness of the gel matrix and weakened the structural properties of the EY gel. CONCLUSION: Both fatty acids improved the gel properties of EY protein. At the same addition level, OA was superior to LA in improving gel properties. The present study provides a theoretical underpinning for the sensible application of unsaturated fatty acids in improving EY gel properties. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Optical coherence tomography biomarkers as outcome predictors to guide dexamethasone implant use in patients with iERM: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate the anatomical features of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and vitreous cytokine levels as predictors of outcomes of combined phacovitrectomy with intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX) implants for idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) treatment. METHODS: A prospective, single-masked, randomized, controlled clinical trial included 48 eyes. They were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to undergo the DEX group (combined phacovitrectomy with ERM peeling and Ozurdex implantation) and control group (phacovitrectomy only). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) were assessed at 1 d, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. The structural features of OCT before surgery were analysed for stratified analysis. Baseline soluble CD14 (sCD14) and sCD163 levels in the vitreous fluid were measured using ELISA. RESULTS: BCVA and CMT were not significantly different in the DEX and control groups. Eyes with hyperreflective foci (HRF) at baseline achieved better BCVA (Ptime*group=0.746; Pgroup=0.043, Wald χ²=7.869) and lower CMT (Ptime*group = 0.079; Pgroup = 0.001, Wald χ²=6.774) responses to DEX during follow-up. In all patients, the mean vitreous level of sCD163 in eyes with HRF was significantly higher than that in eyes without HRF (P = 0.036, Z=-2.093) at baseline. In the DEX group, higher sCD163 predicted greater reduction in CMT from baseline to 1 month (r = 0.470, P = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS: We found that intraoperative DEX implantation did not have beneficial effects on BCVA and CMT over a 3-month period in all patients with iERM, implying that the use of DEX for all iERM is not recommended. In contrast, for those with HRF on OCT responded better to DEX implants at the 3-month follow-up and thier vitreous fluid expressed higher levels of sCD163 at baseline. These data support the hypothesis that DEX implants may be particularly effective in treating cases where ERM is secondary to inflammation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trail has been registered at Chinese Clinical Trail Registry( https://www.chictr.org.cn ) on 2021/03/12 (ChiCTR2100044228). And all patients in the article were enrolled after registration.

A three-mode biosensor for hypoxanthine assay in aquatic products under various storage conditions.

Establishing a rapid and accurate method for monitoring the freshness of aquatic products is of great importance. Hypoxanthine has been considered an essential indicator of aquatic products' freshness. Here, a novel smartphone colorimetric / inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) / photothermal three-mode sensing strategy was established for monitoring hypoxanthine. Hypoxanthine can be catalyzed by xanthine oxidase to H2O2 and uric acid, which can simultaneously degrade MnO2 nanosheets (NSs) to Mn2+. After filter-assisted separation, the smartphone and ICP-MS were performed by monitoring the color of the membrane and the Mn2+ in the filtrate. Additionally, MnO2 NSs can facilitate the oxidation of dopamine to form polydopamine nanoparticles, which exhibit strong photothermal efficiency. The approach successfully monitored the deterioration of aquatic products under various storage conditions through portable thermometers and smartphones with low limits of detection (LODs), providing a potential application for in-situ evaluation of the freshness of aquatic products.

Effect of parenting style on the emotional and behavioral problems among Chinese adolescents: the mediating effect of resilience.

BACKGROUND: Although previous studies have found that parenting style significantly predicts emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) among Chinese adolescents, the mechanism between different parenting styles and EBPs requires in-depth investigation. In our study, we aimed to investigate the mediating effect of resilience, a positive psychological characteristic, between parenting style and EBPs among Chinese adolescents. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we used a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method to collect data in Shenyang, Liaoning Province from November to December 2019. Self-developed questionnaires were distributed to 1028 adolescents aged 10-18. Finally, the study consisted of 895 participants. The bootstrap method was used to investigate the role of resilience as a mediator in the relationship between different parenting styles and EBPs from a positive psychology perspective. RESULTS: The mean score of EBPs was 12.71 (SD = 5.77). After controlling for variables such as gender, age, left-behind children, family type and family income, resilience partially played a mediating role in the associations of paternal rejection (a × b = 0.051 BCa95%CI:0.023,0.080), maternal rejection (a × b = 0.055 BCa95%CI: 0.024, 0.086), paternal emotional warmth (a × b = -0.139 BCa95%CI: -0.182, -0.099) and maternal emotional warmth (a × b = -0.140 BCa95%CI: -0.182, -0.102), with EBPs. The effect sizes were11.28%, 11.51%, 40.76%, and 38.78%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Resilience could partially mediate the relationship between parenting style and EBPs, highlighting that parents should adopt a positive parenting style and that resilience improvement could be effective in reducing EBPs among Chinese adolescents.

OsCOPT7 is a copper exporter at the tonoplast and endoplasmic reticulum and controls Cu translocation to the shoots and grain of rice.

Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for all living organisms but is also highly toxic in excess. Cellular homoeostasis of Cu is maintained by various transporters and metallochaperones. Here, we investigated the biological function of OsCOPT7, a member of the copper transporters (COPT) family, in Cu homoeostasis in rice. OsCOPT7 was mainly expressed in the roots and the expression was upregulated by Cu deficiency. OsCOPT7 was localized at the tonoplast and the endoplasmic reticulum. Knockout of OsCOPT7 increased Cu accumulation in the roots but decreased Cu concentrations in the shoots and grain. The knockout mutants contained higher concentrations of Cu in the roots cell sap but markedly lower concentrations of Cu in the xylem sap than wild-type plants. Seed setting and grain yield were reduced significantly in the knockout mutants grown in a low Cu soil. Knockout mutants were more tolerant to Cu toxicity. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays showed that OsCOPT7 interacts physically with the rice Cu chaperone antioxidant protein 1 (OsATX1). Taken together, our results indicate that OsCOPT7 is a specific Cu transporter functioning to export Cu from the vacuoles and the ER and plays an important role in controlling the root-to-shoot Cu translocation in rice.

Methylprednisolone as Adjunct to Endovascular Thrombectomy for Large-Vessel Occlusion Stroke: The MARVEL Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: It is uncertain whether intravenous methylprednisolone improves outcomes for patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large-vessel occlusion (LVO) undergoing endovascular thrombectomy. Objective: To assess the efficacy and adverse events of adjunctive intravenous low-dose methylprednisolone to endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke secondary to LVO. Design, Setting, and Participants: This investigator-initiated, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was implemented at 82 hospitals in China, enrolling 1680 patients with stroke and proximal intracranial LVO presenting within 24 hours of time last known to be well. Recruitment took place between February 9, 2022, and June 30, 2023, with a final follow-up on September 30, 2023. Interventions: Eligible patients were randomly assigned to intravenous methylprednisolone (n = 839) at 2 mg/kg/d or placebo (n = 841) for 3 days adjunctive to endovascular thrombectomy. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary efficacy outcome was disability level at 90 days as measured by the overall distribution of the modified Rankin Scale scores (range, 0 [no symptoms] to 6 [death]). The primary safety outcomes included mortality at 90 days and the incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 48 hours. Results: Among 1680 patients randomized (median age, 69 years; 727 female [43.3%]), 1673 (99.6%) completed the trial. The median 90-day modified Rankin Scale score was 3 (IQR, 1-5) in the methylprednisolone group vs 3 (IQR, 1-6) in the placebo group (adjusted generalized odds ratio for a lower level of disability, 1.10 [95% CI, 0.96-1.25]; P = .17). In the methylprednisolone group, there was a lower mortality rate (23.2% vs 28.5%; adjusted risk ratio, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.71-0.98]; P = .03) and a lower rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (8.6% vs 11.7%; adjusted risk ratio, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.55-0.99]; P = .04) compared with placebo. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with acute ischemic stroke due to LVO undergoing endovascular thrombectomy, adjunctive methylprednisolone added to endovascular thrombectomy did not significantly improve the degree of overall disability. Trial Registration: ChiCTR.org.cn Identifier: ChiCTR2100051729.

BINGO: a blind unmixing algorithm for ultra-multiplexing fluorescence images.

MOTIVATION: Spectral imaging is often used to observe different objects with multiple fluorescent labels to reveal the development of the biological event. As the number of observed objects increases, the spectral overlap between fluorophores becomes more serious, and obtaining a "pure" picture of each fluorophore becomes a major challenge. Here, we propose a blind spectral unmixing algorithm called BINGO (Blind unmixing via SVD-based Initialization Nmf with project Gradient descent and spare cOnstrain), which can extract all kinds of fluorophores more accurately from highly overlapping multichannel data, even if the spectra of the fluorophores are extremely similar or their fluorescence intensity varies greatly. RESULTS: BINGO can isolate up to 10 fluorophores from spectral imaging data for a single excitation. nine-color living HeLa cells were visualized distinctly with BINGO. It provides an important algorithmic tool for multiplex imaging studies, especially in intravital imaging. BINGO shows great potential in multicolor imaging for biomedical sciences. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The source code used for this paper is available with the test data at https://github.com/Xinyuan555/BINGO_unmixing.

Helicobacter pylori promotes gastric fibroblast proliferation and migration by expulsing exosomal miR-124-3p.

Gastric fibroblasts (GFs) are direct targets of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). GFs infected with H. pylori exhibit marked changes in their morphology and biological behavior. However, the molecular mechanisms by which H. pylori regulates GFs remain unknown. In this study, we cocultured GFs with H. pylori for 48 h. As a result, GFs exhibited an elongated and spindle-shaped morphology. Further, cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) biomarkers were increased, and related behaviors were significantly enhanced in H. pylori-activated GFs. The number of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by H. pylori-activated GFs remarkably increased. The miR-124-3p level was increased in secreted EVs but decreased in the cytoplasm of H. pylori-activated GFs. Overexpression of miRNA-124-3p in the original GFs significantly suppressed their proliferation and migration. In addition, the migration-promoting effects of H. pylori-activated GFs were suppressed by miR-124-3p and GW4869, which blocked EV generation. Finally, pull-down and luciferase assays revealed that SNAI2 is a target of miR-124-3p. The migration-inhibitory effects of GFs treated with miR-124-3p were eliminated by the overexpression of SNAI2, and the upregulation of SNAI2 in H. pylori-activated GFs was partially alleviated by miR-124-3p or GW4869. Overall, H. pylori infection promotes the proliferation and migration of GFs by accelerating the expulsion of EVs carrying miRNA-124-3p, a SNAI2 inhibitor.

IAR4 mutation enhances cadmium toxicity by disturbing auxin homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic to plants, but the targets and modes of toxicity remain unclear. We isolated a Cd-hypersensitive mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, Cd-induced short root 2 (cdsr2), in the background of the phytochelatin synthase-defective mutant cad1-3. Both cdsr2 and cdsr2 cad1-3 displayed shorter roots and were more sensitive to Cd than their respective wild type. Using genomic resequencing and complementation, IAR4 was identified as the causal gene, which encodes a putative mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α subunit. cdsr2 showed decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and NADH content, but markedly increased concentrations of pyruvate and alanine in roots. Both Cd stress and IAR4 mutation decreased auxin level in the root tips, and the effect was additive. A higher growth temperature rescued the phenotypes in cdsr2. Exogenous alanine inhibited root growth and decreased auxin level in the wild type. Cadmium stress suppressed the expression of genes involved in auxin biosynthesis, hydrolysis of auxin-conjugates and auxin polar transport. Our results suggest that auxin homeostasis is a key target of Cd toxicity, which is aggravated by IAR4 mutation due to decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. Decreased auxin level in cdsr2 is likely caused by increased auxin-alanine conjugation and decreased energy status in roots.

Combined genomics to discover genes associated with tolerance to soil carbonate.

Carbonate-rich soils limit plant performance and crop production. Previously, local adaptation to carbonated soils was detected in wild Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, allowing the selection of two demes with contrasting phenotypes: A1 (carbonate tolerant, c+) and T6 (carbonate sensitive, c-). Here, A1(c+) and T6(c - ) seedlings were grown hydroponically under control (pH 5.9) and bicarbonate conditions (10 mM NaHCO3 , pH 8.3) to obtain ionomic profiles and conduct transcriptomic analysis. In parallel, A1(c+) and T6(c - ) parental lines and their progeny were cultivated on carbonated soil to evaluate fitness and segregation patterns. To understand the genetic architecture beyond the contrasted phenotypes, a bulk segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-Seq) was performed. Transcriptomics revealed 208 root and 2503 leaf differentially expressed genes in A1(c+) versus T6(c - ) comparison under bicarbonate stress, mainly involved in iron, nitrogen and carbon metabolism, hormones and glycosylates biosynthesis. Based on A1(c+) and T6(c - ) genome contrasts and BSA-Seq analysis, 69 genes were associated with carbonate tolerance. Comparative analysis of genomics and transcriptomics discovered a final set of 18 genes involved in bicarbonate stress responses that may have relevant roles in soil carbonate tolerance.

Unintentional injury and its associated factors among left-behind children: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Unintentional injuries among children and adolescents are a major public health problem worldwide. These injuries not only have negative effects on children's physiology and psychology, but also bring huge economic losses and social burdens to families and society. Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of disability and death among Chinese adolescents, and left-behind children (LBC) are more prone to experience unintentional injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the type and incidence of unintentional injury among Chinese children and adolescents and explore the influences of personal and environmental factors by comparing the differences between LBC and not left-behind children (NLBC). METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in January and February 2019. Additionally, 2786 children and adolescents from 10 to 19 years old in Liaoning Province in China were collected in the form of self-filled questionnaires, including Unintentional Injury Investigation, Unintentional Injury Perception Questionnaire, Multidimensional Subhealth Questionnaire of Adolescent (MSQA), Negative life events, "My Class" questionnaire and Bullying/victim Questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors associated with unintentional injury among children and adolescents. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors affecting unintentional injuries between LBC and NLBC. RESULTS: The top three unintentional injuries were falling injuries (29.7%), sprains (27.2%) and burns and scalds (20.3%) in our study population. The incidence of unintentional injuries in LBC was higher than that in NLBC. Burn and scalds, cutting injury and animal bites in LBC were higher than those in NLBC. The results show that junior high school students (odds ratio (OR) = 1.296, CI = 1.066-1.574) were more likely to report multiple unintentional injuries than primary school students. Girls (OR = 1.252, CI = 1.042-1.504) had higher odds of reporting multiple unintentional injuries. The odds of multiple injuries in children and adolescents with low levels of unintentional injury perception were higher than those in children and adolescents with high levels of unintentional injury perception (OR = 1.321, C = 1.013-1.568). Children and adolescents with a higher levels of mental health symptoms (OR = 1.442, CI = 1.193-1.744) had higher odds of reporting multiple unintentional injuries. Compared with teenagers who had never experienced negative life events, teenagers who had experienced negative life events many times (OR = 2.724, CI = 2.121-3.499) were more likely to suffer unintentional injuries many times. Low-level discipline and order (OR = 1.277, CI = 1.036-1.574) had higher odds of reporting multiple unintentional injuries. In-school adolescents who were bullied were more likely to report being injured multiple times than their counterparts who were not bullied (OR = 2.340, CI = 1.925-2.845). Low levels of unintentional injury perception, experienced negative life events and bullying had greater impacts on LBC than on NLBC. CONCLUSION: The survey found that the incidence of at least one unintentional injury was 64.8%. School level, sex, unintentional injury perception, subhealth, negative life events, discipline and order and bullying were associated with incidents of unintentional injury. Compared with NLBC, LBC had a higher incidence of unintentional injury, and special attention should be given to this group.

Advanced Nanomedicine: Redefining Therapeutic Paradigms for Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic and recurrent gastrointestinal inflammatory disorder with a variety of painful clinical manifestations and an increased risk of cancerization or death, has become an emerging challenge to global healthcare due to its rapidly increasing incidence. At present, there is no efficient cure against IBD because of the elusive etiology and pathogenesis of IBD. Therefore, the development of alternative therapeutic strategies with positive clinical efficacy and reduced side effects is urgently needed. In recent years, the great prosperity of nanomedicine promoted by a variety of advanced nanomaterials is redefining more attractive and promising therapeutic strategies for IBD owing to their advantages in the physiological stability, bioavailability, and targeting of inflammatory sites. In this review, firstly the basic characteristics of healthy and inflammatory intestinal microenvironments are presented. Then, different administration routes and targeting strategies of nanotherapeutics for IBD treatment are reviewed. Subsequently, a specific focus is placed on the introduction of nanotherapeutic treatments based on different IBD pathogenesis. Finally, some future challenges and perspectives of the currently developed nanomedicines for IBD treatment are provided. It is believed that the above topics will attract researchers from various fields including medicine, biological sciences, materials, chemistry and pharmaceutics.

Two-photon fluorescence imaging using a tunable spectral window based on fiber supercontinuum.

Two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy has evolved into a versatile tool in biological research. However, the multiplexing capability of TPEF microscopy is limited by the narrow spectral bandwidth of the light source. In this study, we apply a photonic crystal fiber in TPEF microscopy to broaden the excitation source bandwidth. We tuned the spectral window using a spatial light modulator as a programmable diffraction grating that was placed behind a prism pair. In addition, we combined a grating pair to compensate for dispersion to improve the two-photon excitation efficiency. The combination of a broad spectrum and a programmable grating enabled fast spectral window tuning rate on a time scale of tens of milliseconds. We demonstrate the performance of our method by imaging live B16 cells labeled with four emission spectrum overlapped fluorescent proteins.

Analysis of the Differences in Volatile Organic Compounds in Different Muscles of Pork by GC-IMS.

As the main consumed meat of Chinese residents, pork has a unique flavor, but the internal volatile organic compounds that cause the flavor differences between pork muscles are not clear at present. In this study, four muscles of Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) pigs (loin, ham, shoulder and belly) were used as experimental subjects. Through the analysis of volatile organic compounds in four muscles of pork, the internal volatile organic compounds of different muscles of pork were discussed. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry was employed to analyze the four muscles, and volatile organic compounds in these muscles were analyzed and identified. A total of 65 volatile organic compound peaks were obtained by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. From the qualitative database, a total of 49 volatile organic compounds were identified, including aldehydes, alcohols and ketones. With the variable importance for the projection greater than 1 and significance level less than 0.05 as the criterion, the organic compounds with significant differences were screened by partial least squares-discriminant analysis and significance difference analysis. It was determined that 2-pentylfuran, 2-butanone (M), pentanal (M), butanal (D), (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-heptenal (D), 1,2-propanediol and 2-methylpropanal were the differential organic compounds that distinguish the four pork muscles.

Steroid Drugs as an Adjunct for Reducing the Incidence of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy after Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Surgery: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies.

INTRODUCTION: The efficacy and influence of steroids for reducing the incidence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) surgery remain controversial. Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to explore the effect of steroids versus placebo on risk of PVR. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases through September 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), assessing the effect of steroid drugs as an adjunct for reducing the incidence of PVR after RRD surgery. This meta-analysis was performed using the random-effect model. Data were extracted by two reviewers independently; the quality of RCTs was assessed by the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. We calculated risk ratio (RR) and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of all outcomes and plotted on forest plots. I2 accessed using the χ2 test was applied to quantify the degree of heterogeneity. RESULTS: Four RCTs involving 478 patients (478 eyes) are included in the meta-analysis. There was no significant difference in the incidence of PVR recurrence between steroid groups and control groups (RR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.70-1.08, p = 0.19). However, the incidence of recurrent PVR was lower in the steroid group (RR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.46-0.99, p = 0.04) than in the control group when only PVR grades A and B were taken into consideration. Besides, steroids could significantly reduce the incidence of macular edema after surgery (RR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.47-0.88, p = 0.007). The steroid group and control group had comparable outcomes of retinal reattachment rate and reoperation rate after primary surgery. Additionally, there was no significant difference of the incidence of epiretinal membrane, and the incidence of surgery required by epiretinal membrane. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis reveals that RRD surgery combined with steroid drugs administration could significantly reduce the recurrence in PVR grade A and B subgroup, as well as the incidence of macular edema after surgery.