From transients to permanent residents: the existence of obligate aerobic microorganisms in the goat rumen.

The rumen serves as a complex ecosystem, harboring diverse microbial communities that play crucial ecological roles. Because previous studies have predominantly focused on anaerobic microorganisms, limited attention has been given to aerobic microorganisms in the goat rumen. This study aims to explore the diversity of aerobic microorganisms in the rumen and understand their niche and ecological roles. Rumen fluid samples were collected from 6 goats at different time points post-morning feeding. pH, NH3-N, and volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentrations were measured, while In vitro cultivation of aerobic microorganisms was performed using PDA medium. Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and 16S sequencing unveiled microbial diversity within the rumen fluid samples. Evidence of obligate aerobic microorganisms in the goat rumen suggests their potential contribution to ecological functionalities. Significantly, certain aerobic microorganisms exhibited correlations with TVFA levels, implying their involvement in TVFA metabolism. This study provides evidence of the existence and potential ecological roles of obligate aerobic microorganisms in the goat rumen. The findings underscore the significance of comprehensively deciphering goat rumen microbial communities and their interactions, with aerobes regarded as permanent residents rather than transients. These insights form a solid foundation for advancing our understanding of the intricate interplay between goat and their aerobic microorganisms in the rumen.

Differences in composition and diversity of rumen fungi in buffalo fed different diets.

The rumen is a complex ecosystem containing a variety of fungi, which are crucial for the digestive activities of ruminants. Previous research on rumen fungi has mainly focused on anaerobic fungi, given the rumen's reputation as a mainly anaerobic environment. The objective of this study was to investigate rumen fungal diversity and the presence of aerobic fungi in buffalo fed on different diets. Three adult buffaloes were used as experimental animals. Alfalfa hay, oat hay, whole corn silage, sugarcane shoot silage, fresh king grass, dried rice straw, and five kinds of mixed diets with concentrate to roughage ratios of 20:80, 35:65, 50:50, 65:35, and 80:20 were used as the experimental diets. The experimental animals were fed different diets for 22 days. Rumen fluid was collected from the rumen fistula for ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) sequencing 2 h after feeding on the morning of day 22. The results indicate the presence of large quantities of aerobic fungi in the rumen of the buffaloes 2 h after feeding and suggest that Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are the dominant fungal groups under different feeding conditions. The study also identified 62 different fungal types, which showed significant differences among the 11 experimental diets.

Tranexamic Acid Reduces Occult Blood Loss, Blood Transfusion, and Improves Recovery of Knee Function after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Comparative Study.

This study intends to explore the effects of tranexamic acid (TA) on occult blood loss, blood transfusion, and recovery of knee function in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). From October 2013 to April 2015, 224 patients undergoing TKA were enrolled in this study. These patients were randomly assigned into the control group (intravenous infusion of normal saline), 10 mg/kg TA group (intravenous infusion of 10 mg/kg TA) and 15 mg/kg TA group (intravenous infusion of 15 mg/kg TA). Compared with the control group, the 10 and 15 mg/kg TA groups were lower in postoperative blood loss, occult blood loss, blood transfusion rate, and volume. In comparison to the control group, hemoglobin levels were lower and the number of red blood cells was higher at 7 days after surgery in the 10 and 15 mg/kg TA groups. Higher fibrinogen levels and lower prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time, D-dimer levels, thrombin time, lower the visual analog scale/score, and circumference diameter of knee joint were observed in the 10 and 15 mg/kg TA groups compared with the control group at 7 and 14 days after surgery. At 1 and 3 months after surgery, the knee joint range of motion scores, Hospital for Special Surgery scores, and Knee Society Score were increased in 10 and 15 mg/kg TA groups in comparison to the control group. TA could reduce occult blood loss and blood transfusion rate and improve recovery of knee function in patients undergoing TKA.

[Fluorescence lifetime measurement based on different pump waveform].

The present paper analyzes the different pump wave theory under the fluorescence decay law, and presents a different pump wave measured fluorescence lifetime of the new method-double-pulse detection method, namely the use of pump pulse and probe pulse for the fluorescence decay methods to measure fluorescence lifetime. By measuring the sample neodymium glass and Cr:ZnSe crystal fluorescence lifetime, results showed that: using this method can be achieved under different pump wave in visible and near-infrared to the mid-infrared laser medium of the fluorescence lifetime measurement. Therefore, using the measurement method can be convenient and effective to avoid seeking samples by deconvolution for fluorescence lifetime with the cumbersome process of measuring laser medium at different pump wave under the fluorescence lifetime with a reference value.