[Emission Factors and Preliminary Emission Estimates of Air Pollutants from Ships at Berth in the Guangzhou Port].

Three large container vessels over a tonnage of 40×103 t at berth in the Guangzhou Port were selected for determination of air pollutants in exhausts from auxiliary engines to obtain fuel-based emission factors (EFs). The fuel-based EFs for vessels A, B, and C at berth were 3096, 3031, and 3028 g·kg-1, respectively, for CO2; 61.8, 19.9, and 27.0 g·kg-1 for NOx; 8.0, 4.0, and 5.3 g·kg-1 for CO; 31.4, 41.9, and 56.7 g·kg-1 for SO2; 2.4, 1.1, and 1.5 g·kg-1 for PM2.5; and 0.13, 0.09, and 0.17 g·kg-1 for VOCs. With the basic information about ship types, arrival times, and berthing times, the emissions of NOx, CO, SO2, PM2.5, and NH3 from a ship at berth in the Guangzhou Port in 2014 were roughly estimated to be 1231, 226, 1229, 47.6 and 0.04 t, respectively, with ships with a tonnage of 10×103-50×103 t sharing the largest burdens, followed by ships over a tonnage of 50×103 t. Estimated emission of VOCs from ships at berth in the Guangzhou Port was about 33.6 t, with vessels below a tonnage of 3×103 t contributing the most.

[BTX monitoring nearby main road traffic in Guangzhou].

In order to study the levels of BTX (benzene, toluene, xylene, etc) nearby the main roads of Guangzhou from November 2010 to December 2010 during the Asian Games, BTX and conventional pollutants such as NO2, O3 in the air were monitored by the DOAS system nearby Huangsha Road, which is in the Liwan District of Guangzhou City. The results showed that, during the entire period, BTX showed a high concentration in the evening and the average concentrations of benzene, toluene, p-xylene, m-xylene and phenol were 15.9 microg x m(-3), 61.3 microg x m(-3), 6.5 microg x m(-3), 16.9 microg x m(-3), 0.88 microg x m(-3), respectively. The average concentrations of benzene and toluene were close to those in other cities, and the ratio of toluene to benzene was in range of 1.2-6.16. Throughout the monitoring period, the correlation coefficient of benzene and toluene was 0.86 and it rose to 0.985 during the high concentration period, indicating that they had the same source in this region. The correlation coefficient between toluene and CO was 0.78, indicating that traffic emissions was the major source of benzene and toluene. Based on the combination of wind speed, wind direction and other meteorological data, it was found that the weather condition was an important factor which affected the BTX concentration, and some possible point sources were suggested nearby the site.