Challenges for ethics committees in biomedical research governance: illustrations from China and Australia.

In this paper, the evolution of the ethics committees for health research, their history, membership, and function in China and Australia is described. Investigators in each country compared the history and governance of their ethical systems based on the published evidence rather than personal opinions. Similarly, examples of challenges were selected from the literature. In both countries, the aim was to maximize the social benefits of research and minimize the risk imposed on the participants. Common challenges include maintaining independence, funding and delivering timely ethical reviews of the research projects. These challenges can be difficult where research ethics committees rely on voluntary contributions and lack a strong resource base. They must adapt to the increasingly rapid pace of research as well as the technological sophistication. Population health research can challenge the conventional views of consent and privacy. The principles of the sound ethical review are common in both countries; governance arrangements and operational procedures, however, can differ, reflecting the cultural values and norms of their host countries and in respect of legal environments. By studying the evolution and function of ethics committees in the two countries, we established the differences in the governance and health systems, while similar ethical objectives helped sustain collaborative research.

A potent neutralizing nanobody against SARS-CoV-2 with inhaled delivery potential

The outbreak of COVID-19 has emerged as a global pandemic. The unprecedented scale and severity call for rapid development of effective prophylactics or therapeutics. We here reported Nanobody (Nb) phage display libraries derived from four camels immunized with the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD), from which 381 Nbs were identified to recognize SARS-CoV-2-RBD. Furthermore, seven Nbs were shown to block interaction of human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) with SARS-CoV-2-RBD-variants, bat-SL-CoV-WIV1-RBD and SARS-CoV-1-RBD. Among the seven candidates, Nb11-59 exhibited the highest activity against authentic SARS-CoV-2 with ND50 of 0.55 g/mL. Nb11-59 can be produced on a large-scale in Pichia pastoris, with 20 g/L titer and 99.36% purity. It also showed good stability profile, and nebulization did not impact its stability. Overall, Nb11-59 might be a promising prophylactic and therapeutic molecule against COVID-19, especially through inhalation delivery. Graphical Abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=154 SRC="FIGDIR/small/242867v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (42K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@e4434org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@9fee79org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e15bb1org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@4adb0c_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG

Moral Defense for Ethical Review of Medical Technology Clinical Admittance / 中国医学伦理学

This paper discussed the main point specifically from the three aspects which are the certainty and uncertainty of technological function , the predictability and unpredictability of technological efficiency , and“should do”or“not should do”of technological application .It presented an ethics argument of medical technology clinical admittance restriction and defends the standpoint -what we can do does not mean what we should do , aiming to provide moral theoretical support of ethical review of medical technology application .

The effect on postoperative pain and complications in patients with health education for senile fracture characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国现代医生

Objective To explore the effect of postoperative pain and complications in patients with health education for senile fracture characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 98 cases of senile fracture patients in our hospital from October 2013 to October 2014,and were divided into control group (50 cases) and observation group (50 cases),and were given characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine health education and routine nursing care.The total effective rate,pain score,the incidence of com-plications of the two groups were observed and compared. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05).The pain score of observe group was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05);the incidence rate of complications of observation group was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The implementation of patients before treatment,after treatment of senile fracture characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine and rehabilitation period of the full range of health education, can ef-fectively alleviate the effect of postoperative pain,and reduce the complication rate of reduction.

Production of human papillomavirus type 6 virus-like particles and detection of its neutralizing antibodies / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To produce human papillomavirus type 6(HPV-6)virus-like particles with Escherichia coli expression system and study its immunogenicity.Methods HPV-6 L1 gene was inserted into pmkaryotic expression vector pTO-T7 and then expressed in Escherichia coli ER2566.The HPV-6 L1 protein was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation,ion-exchange chromatography,and hydrophobic interaction chromatography.Then the purified HPV-6 L1 self-assembled into virus-like particle after removing 1,4dithiothreitol(DTr).The morphology of the virus-like particles was investigated with dynamic light scatter and transmission electron microscopy,and the immunogenicity was determined with in vitro pseudownons neutralization as8ay.Results HPV-6 L1 was expressed in soluble form in Escherichia coli.Following the removal of DTT,purified HPV-6 L1 protein could assemble into virus-like particles as 25 am in the radius.And the animal immunization test showed HPV-6 virus-like particles can elite hish titer neutralizing antibodies.Conclusion The bacterially expressed HPV-6 L1 VLP is highly immunogenieity and easy to produce.And it can be good candidate of HPV-6 vaccine.