Quality of life and self-efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Peruvian public hospital.

Quality of life and self-efficacy assessments are increasingly applied in research with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients due to the impact of the disease on their lives. This study aimed to describe the quality of life and self-efficacy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and describe the association of quality of life and self-efficacy with demographic, metabolic, and clinical variables. This is a secondary data analysis from a cross-sectional study: Metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a public hospital in Peru: a cross-sectional study in a low-middle income country. Data were obtained by standardized interviews and evaluation of medical records. The evaluation tools used were the Diabetes 39 questionnaire (D-39) to measure the quality of life and the General Self-Efficacy scale (GSE) for self-efficacy. The median scores of the D-39 and GSE were 34.6 and 34, respectively. The D-39 dimension with the highest score was anxiety and concern. Better quality of life was associated with being older than 65 years old, not having complications, and the absence of depression. No significant association was found between self-efficacy and the quality of life score. Results suggest patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a poor quality of life. Patient-centered strategies for type 2 diabetes mellitus care must consider these psychosocial factors to improve disease control and quality of life.

La calidad de vida y la evaluación de autoefiacia se aplican cada vez más en la valoración de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 debido al alto impacto de la enfermedad en sus vidas. Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir la calidad de vida y autoeficacia en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y describir la asociación de calidad de vida y autoeficacia con variables demográficas, metabólicas y clínicas. Este estudio es un análisis secundario del estudio transversal: “Control metabólico en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en un hospital público del Perú: estudio de corte transversal en un país de bajos y medianos ingresos”. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante cuestionarios estandarizadas y evaluación de historias clínicas. Las herramientas de evaluación utilizadas fueron el cuestionario Diabetes -39 (D-39) para medir la calidad de vida y la escala de autoeficacia general para medir autoeficacia (GSE). Las medias del D-39 y GSE fueron 34,6 y 34, respectivamente. La dimensión con la puntuación más alta del D-39 fue "ansiedad y preocupación". Una mejor calidad de vida estuvo asociada con ser mayor de 65 años, no tener complicaciones microvasculares y la ausencia de depresión. No se encontró una asociación significativa entre la autoeficacia y calidad de vida. Los resultados sugieren que los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 tienen una pobre calidad de vida. Las estrategias centradas en el cuidado del paciente con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 deben considerar estos factores psicosociales para mejorar el control de la enfermedad y la calidad de vida.

Metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a public hospital in Peru: a cross-sectional study in a low-middle income country.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess patients' achievement of ADA (American Diabetes Association) guideline recommendations for glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profile, and blood pressure in a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) outpatient clinic in a low-middle income country (LMIC) setting. METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with 123 ambulatory T2DM patients who are being treated at a public hospital in Lima, Peru. Data was gathered via standardized interviews, clinical surveys, and anthropomorphic measurements for each patient. Blood samples were drawn in fasting state for measures of glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and lipid profile. Laboratory parameters and blood pressure were evaluated according to ADA recommendations. RESULTS: Of the 123 patients, 81 were women and the mean age was 61.8 years. Glycemic control was abnormal in 82 (68.33%) participants, and 45 (37.50%) were unable to control their blood pressure. Lipid profile was abnormal in 73 (60.83%) participants. Only nine (7.50%) participants fulfilled ADA recommendations for glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid control. CONCLUSIONS: Amongst individuals with type 2 diabetes, there was poor attainment of the ADA recommendations (HbA1c, blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol) for ambulatory T2DM patients. Interventions are urgently needed in order to prevent long-term diabetic complications.