Edema agudo hemorrágico del lactante / Acute hemorrhagic edema of the infant

El edema hemorrágico agudo del lactante (EHAL) es una vasculitis leucocitoclástica de pequeño vaso confinada a la piel, típica entre los 4 y 24 meses, que se caracteriza por placas purpúricas y edema doloroso de las extremidades con buen estado general. El diagnóstico es clínico, existiendo una gran controversia entre si el EHAL y la púrpura de Schönlein-Henoch (PSH) son 2 entidades diferentes o manifestaciones clínicas del mismo proceso. Presentamos el caso de una lactante de 8 meses con buen estado general, fiebre y lesiones purpúricas-petequiales bien delimitadas, algunas en diana, en extremidades inferiores junto con edema doloroso localizado en tobillos y en dorso de ambos pies. No afectación de mucosas. Pruebas complementarias dentro de la normalidad. En las horas siguientes al ingreso, la lesiones purpúricas se extienden al área genital y planta de pies y edema se extiende a pabellón auricular presentando posteriormente una púrpura en dicha localización. Ante la sospecha de EHAL, se instaura tratamiento sintomático, con desaparición completa de las lesiones en 5 días (AU)

Acute hemorrahagic edema of infancy (AHEI) is a cutaneus small vessel leukocytoclastic vasculitis that affects children 2-24 months old, characterized by purpuric plaques and painful edema of limbs, in a healthy infant. The diagnosis is based in clinical symptoms. Although there is a great controversy if AHEI and Schönlein-Henoch Purpura are different disease or signs of the same clinical profile. We report a case of an 8 months-old healthy infant with fever, well delimited purpuric-potechial lesions in limbs and painful edema located in ankles and in the back of both feet. The patient had some target lesions. Mucosas were not admission, purpuric lesions spread to genital area and soles, the edema spread to external ear and purpura appeared at this location. The boy was admitted to hospital with possible diagnosis of AHEI. Symptomatic treatment was applicated and lesions disappeared completely in five days (AU)

Serum transaminases concentrations in obese children and adolescents.

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between liver transaminase levels and metabolic syndrome (MS) features in obese children and adolescents. A total of 132 children and adolescents (73 males and 59 females) aged 8 - 16, participated in the study. All were studied at the department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Zaragoza (Spain). Inclusion criteria were the existence of obesity as defined by body mass index (BMI) according to Cole cut-off values (when BMI was higher than the age and sex specific equivalent to 30 kg/m2). The definition of metabolic syndrome was according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Weight (kg), height (cm), waist circumference (cm), blood pressure and BMI were measured. Laboratory determinations after overnight fasting included: transaminases (ALT, AST, GGT), fasting glucose, insulin, triglycerides and HDL-C. The MS was found in 21.6% of the obese children and adolescents and the prevalence was higher in males (25.9%) than in females (15.9%). Serum transaminases (ALT, AST and GGT) mean concentrations were higher in males than in females, and decreased during pubertal development. The obese children and adolescents with the MS did not show higher transaminases concentrations when compared with those without the MS. Some MS manifestations (mainly waist circumference) showed a correlation with ALT, although all transaminases values were normal according to adult references. Liver transaminases, a surrogate marker of NAFLD, did not show an early and consistent manifestation of abnormalities in the obese children and adolescents studied. In order to define the presence of the disease, it would be necessary to obtain aminotransferase reference standards for children and adolescents, considering pubertal stage and gender.

Concentraciones séricas de transaminasas en niños y adolescentes obesos / Serum transaminases concentrations in obese children and adolescents

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between liver transaminaselevels and metabolic syndrome (MS) features in obese children and adolescents.A total of 132 children and adolescents (73 males and 59 females) aged 8 – 16, participatedin the study. All were studied at the department of Paediatrics, UniversityHospital of Zaragoza (Spain). Inclusion criteria were the existence of obesity asdefined by body mass index (BMI) according to Cole cut-off values (when BMI washigher than the age and sex specific equivalent to 30 kg/m2). The definition of metabolicsyndrome was according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria.Weight (kg), height (cm), waist circumference (cm), blood pressure and BMI weremeasured. Laboratory determinations after overnight fasting included: transaminases(ALT, AST, GGT), fasting glucose, insulin, triglycerides and HDL-C. The MSwas found in 21.6% of the obese children and adolescents and the prevalence washigher in males (25.9%) than in females (15.9%). Serum transaminases (ALT, ASTand GGT) mean concentrations were higher in males than in females, and decreasedduring pubertal development. The obese children and adolescents with the MS didnot show higher transaminases concentrations when compared with those withoutthe MS. Some MS manifestations (mainly waist circumference) showed a correlationwith ALT, although all transaminases values were normal according to adult references.Liver transaminases, a surrogate marker of NAFLD, did not show an earlyand consistent manifestation of abnormalities in the obese children and adolescentsstudied. In order to define the presence of the disease, it would be necessary to obtainaminotransferase reference standards for children and adolescents, consideringpubertal stage and gender(U)

Se valora en el estudio la concentración de transaminasas en niños y adolescentes obesos y se investiga la relación entre enzimas hepáticas y marcadores de síndrome metabólico (SM). Un total de 132 niños y adolescentes (73 chicos y 59 chicas), de 8-16 años, participaron en el estudio. El criterio de inclusión fue la existencia de obesidad definida mediante el índice de masa corporal (IMC) de acuerdo con los valores de Cole et. al. (IMC mayor que el equivalente a 30 kg/m2 para una edad y sexo específico). Para definir el síndrome metabólico (MS), se eligieron los criterios de la Federación Internacional de Diabetes. Se realizaron medidas del peso (Kg), altura (cm), perímetro de la cintura y tensión arterial y determinaciones de laboratorio en ayunas de las transaminasas (ALT, AST, GGT), glucosa, insulina, triglicéridos y HDL-C. Presentaron síndrome metabólico el 21,6% de los niños y adolescentes obesos y la prevalencia fue mayor en chicos (25,9%) que en chicas (15,9%). Los componentes más frecuentes del síndrome metabólico fueron la obesidad abdominal (exceso de circunferencia de cintura, 93%) y la tensión arterial elevada (34,3%). Los valores medios de las concentraciones séricas de transaminasas (ALT, AST, GGT) fueron mayores en chicos que en chicas, y disminuyeron según el desarrollo puberal(AU)

Los niños y adolescentes obesos con síndrome metabólico no presentaron mayores concentraciones de transaminasas en comparación con los que no tenían síndrome metabólico. Algunas manifestaciones de SM (en particular el perímetro de la cintura) se asociaron con ALT, aunque los valores de transaminasas fueron normales según las referencias usadas para adultos. En los niños estudiados, las transaminasas, un marcador secundario de hígado graso no-alcohólico (NAFLD), no fueron una manifestación temprana y consistente de estas anomalías. Para definir la presencia de la enfermedad, sería necesario obtener valores de referencia de transaminasas para niños y adolescentes, considerando el estadío puberal y el sexo(AU)