Dispositivos de avance mandibular en el tratamiento del síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño de intensidad severa / Mandibular advance device in the treatment of severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Introducción: El síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño (SAOS) ha aumentado su incidencia en los últimos años, con repercusiones importantes en la salud, su tratamiento debe ser elaborado por un equipo multidisciplinario según las necesidades de cada paciente. Los dispositivos de avance mandibular pueden ser una herramienta útil y no invasiva. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto que tienen los dispositivos de avance mandibular (DAM) en pacientes con SAOS de intensidad severo, en quienes presentan como único sitio de obstrucción la base de lengua y son candidatos para utilizar el dispositivo. Diseño: Estudio cuasi-experimental no controlado de antes y después. Materiales y Métodos: Se incluyeron 30 pacientes con diagnóstico de SAOS de intensidad severo, con único sitio de obstrucción en la base de lengua, que fueran candidatos al uso de dispositivos de avance mandibular, también se realizó polisomnografía de noche dividida de control, comparándose índice de apnea hipopnea (IAH) e índice de ronquido (IR) antes y después del tratamiento. Resultados: En el estudio polisomnográfico de noche dividida de control, se encontró diferencia significativa p<0,001 al comparar el índice de apnea hipopnea e índice de ronquido antes y después de usar el dispositivos de avance mandibular. Discusión: Los dispositivos de avance mandibular pueden ser una herramienta considerada en el manejo del SAOS con cualquier grado de intensidad, siempre y cuando el sitio de obstrucción sea evaluado adecuadamente mediante un grupo multidisciplinario, donde se individualice a cada paciente.

Introduction: The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has increased its incidence in the last years, with important health repercussions, treatment should be developed by a multidisciplinary team according to the needs of each patient. Mandibular advancement devices can be a useful noninvasive tool. Objective: To evaluate the effect of mandibular advancement devices in patients with severe OSAS, with base of the tongue as the only obstruction site and who are candidates to use the device. Design: Quasi-experimental uncontrolled before and after study. Materials and methods: 30 patients with a diagnosis of severe OSAS, with an unique site of obstruction at the base of tongue, who meet the mandibular advancement devices use criteria; split night polysomnography control was also performed, comparing apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and snoring index (SI) before and after treatment. Results: There is a significance difference p<0,005 between AHI and SI before and after use the mandibular advancement devices in the control split-night polysomnography. Discussion: The mandibular advancement devices may be a treatment tool in OSAS regardless of the severity; a multidisciplinary group should determine the obstruction site, to select a specific treatment in each patient.

Uso de tetradecil sulfato de sodio aplicado submucoso en paladar blando como tratamiento del SAOS leve / Sodium tetradecyl sulfate use in soft palate in patients with a mild obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Introducción: El Síndrome de Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño (SAOS) es uno de los trastornos de sueño más frecuentes, asociada con el riesgo cardiovascular. En la actualidad se ha descrito el uso de esclerosantes en el manejo del ronquido simple, no en la apnea del sueño leve. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de este procedimiento para los pacientes con SAOS de intensidad leve con sitio exclusivo de obstrucción en paladar blando. Diseño: Estudio cuasi-experimental no controlado de antes y después. Métodos:Se incluyeron 11 pacientes con SAOS leve, con sitio de obstrucción exclusivo en paladar blando. Se realizó polisomnografía basal y de control a los 6 meses del tratamiento. Se usó tetradecil sulfato de sodio 3%, submucoso en paladar blando 1ml. en la línea media y 0.5 ml paramedial. Se evaluó el índice de ronquido, de apnea/hipopnea (IAH), saturación de oxígeno y despertares. Discusión: Aunque el número de pacientes es muy pequeño, este es el único antecedente del uso de esclerosantes en el tratamiento de apnea del sueño leve, siendo un procedimiento rápido, económico y poco molesto. Se observó mejoría en los parámetros evaluados exceptuando los despertares. Conclusiones: La inyección de esclerosantes podría ser un tratamiento de elección en pacientes con SAOS leve que cumplan con los criterios de obstrucción ya nombrados.

Introduction: The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a frequent sleep disorder, and is linked with cardiovascular risk. Actually the sclerotherapy was described in the snoring therapy, but not in the mild OSAS patients. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of this procedure for patients with mild OSAS with exclusive site of obstruction in the soft palate. Design: Quasi-experimental uncontrolled before and after study. Methods: We collected 11 patients with mild OSAS, only with obstruction in soft palate. The assessment was done by basal and control polysomnography 6 months later of the treatment. The sodium tetradecyl sulfate was used in the submucosal space in the soft palate with 1 ml in the midline and 0,5 ml in the paramedian location. We evaluated snoring index, apnea hyponea index (AHI), oxygen saturation and arousals number. Discussion: Despite the small sample, this is the only report in the literature that describes the use of sclerotherapy in the mild OSAS, it's a quick, low cost and not annoying procedure with a significant improve in all the parameters with an exception in the arousals. Conclusions: Sclerotherapy may be a treatment option in patients with mild OSAS, with the inclusion criteria mentioned above.

Efficacy of submucosal sodium tetradecyl sulfate in the soft palate as a treatment of the mild obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a pilot study.

Background. As described by Mair et al. in 2001, snoreplasty, the application of sclerosant agents in the palate is a promising and cheap alternative to treat snoring. We decided to try this kind of therapy for the management of mild sleep apnea. Study Design. Experimental, longitudinal, prospective, nonrandomized, self-controlled pilot study. Methods. 11 patients were included, all of them with a polysomnographic study showing an Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) from 5 to 20, and with a Müller maneuver showing only retropalatal collapse. Results. We found significant decrease in the number of apneas hypopneas and oxygen desaturation as well as in the snoring index (P < 0.05), although no differences were found in the number of arousals. Conclusion. Sclerosant agents might become a relevant part in the treatment of sleep apnea, in very well-selected patients.

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and uvulopalatal flap for the treatment of snoring: technique to avoid complications.

OBJECTIVE: To review the outcome of 50 snoring patients treated with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and uvulopalatal flap, looking for a decrease in the surgical complications rate. DESIGN: A longitudinal, prospective, self-controlled pilot study. SETTING: Sleep Disorders Clinic of the National University of Mexico and Angeles Lomas Hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty consecutive patients underwent surgical treatment for snoring. The Müller manoeuvre was performed in all of them to determine the site of obstruction. In all cases, the bed partner was asked about the presence of snoring before and 6 months after the procedure. Polysomnography was performed before and after the surgery to assess sleep apnea in all patients and to determine the success regarding the snoring index. Every complication was registered. RESULTS: All patients had only habitual snoring, without sleep apnea. Thirty-eight males and 12 females were included in the study. At the sixth postoperative month, the bed partner of 48 patients (96%) reported that snoring was gone, 2 (4%) said that snoring was no longer a problem, the initial snoring index mean was 214, and 6 months after the procedure it decreased to 12. No patients had any complication related to the surgical procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the fact that there are a number of techniques for snoring and sleep apnea, we achieved good postoperative results while avoiding the most common complications.

Complications of tongue base somnoplasty.

BACKGROUND: There are many therapeutic modalities to treat obstructive sleep apnea, and somnoplasty is one of the most widely used around the world. However, there are few reports about its complications. METHODS: The charts of consecutive patients who underwent tongue base somnoplasty were reviewed in the search for complications. RESULTS: The total number of patients was 237. We found only 2 postoperative complicated cases. DISCUSSION: Tongue base somnoplasty can be considered a safe procedure with a low incidence of complications.