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1.
Immunity ; 47(3): 435-449.e8, 2017 09 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28930659

RESUMO

Commitment to the innate lymphoid cell (ILC) lineage is determined by Id2, a transcriptional regulator that antagonizes T and B cell-specific gene expression programs. Yet how Id2 expression is regulated in each ILC subset remains poorly understood. We identified a cis-regulatory element demarcated by a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that controls the function and lineage identity of group 1 ILCs, while being dispensable for early ILC development and homeostasis of ILC2s and ILC3s. The locus encoding this lncRNA, which we termed Rroid, directly interacted with the promoter of its neighboring gene, Id2, in group 1 ILCs. Moreover, the Rroid locus, but not the lncRNA itself, controlled the identity and function of ILC1s by promoting chromatin accessibility and deposition of STAT5 at the promoter of Id2 in response to interleukin (IL)-15. Thus, non-coding elements responsive to extracellular cues unique to each ILC subset represent a key regulatory layer for controlling the identity and function of ILCs.


Assuntos
Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Imunidade Inata/genética , Linfócitos/metabolismo , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , Sequências Reguladoras de Ácido Nucleico , Animais , Diferenciação Celular , Linhagem da Célula/genética , Linhagem da Célula/imunologia , Montagem e Desmontagem da Cromatina , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Loci Gênicos , Homeostase , Proteína 2 Inibidora de Diferenciação/genética , Células Matadoras Naturais/citologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/metabolismo , Subpopulações de Linfócitos/imunologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos/metabolismo , Linfócitos/imunologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Fator de Transcrição STAT5/metabolismo , Transcrição Gênica
2.
Nature ; 537(7619): 239-243, 2016 09 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27525555

RESUMO

Neutrophils, eosinophils and 'classical' monocytes collectively account for about 70% of human blood leukocytes and are among the shortest-lived cells in the body. Precise regulation of the lifespan of these myeloid cells is critical to maintain protective immune responses and minimize the deleterious consequences of prolonged inflammation. However, how the lifespan of these cells is strictly controlled remains largely unknown. Here we identify a long non-coding RNA that we termed Morrbid, which tightly controls the survival of neutrophils, eosinophils and classical monocytes in response to pro-survival cytokines in mice. To control the lifespan of these cells, Morrbid regulates the transcription of the neighbouring pro-apoptotic gene, Bcl2l11 (also known as Bim), by promoting the enrichment of the PRC2 complex at the Bcl2l11 promoter to maintain this gene in a poised state. Notably, Morrbid regulates this process in cis, enabling allele-specific control of Bcl2l11 transcription. Thus, in these highly inflammatory cells, changes in Morrbid levels provide a locus-specific regulatory mechanism that allows rapid control of apoptosis in response to extracellular pro-survival signals. As MORRBID is present in humans and dysregulated in individuals with hypereosinophilic syndrome, this long non-coding RNA may represent a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory disorders characterized by aberrant short-lived myeloid cell lifespan.


Assuntos
Proteína 11 Semelhante a Bcl-2/genética , Células Mieloides/citologia , Células Mieloides/metabolismo , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , Alelos , Animais , Antígenos Ly/metabolismo , Apoptose , Proteína 11 Semelhante a Bcl-2/biossíntese , Sobrevivência Celular , Regulação para Baixo , Eosinófilos/citologia , Eosinófilos/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Monócitos/citologia , Monócitos/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/citologia , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas
3.
Cold Spring Harb Protoc ; 2016(2): pdb.prot090704, 2016 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26832688

RESUMO

Genetically modified mice are extremely valuable tools for studying gene function and human diseases. Although the generation of mice with specific genetic modifications through traditional methods using homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells has been invaluable in the last two decades, it is an extremely costly, time-consuming, and, in some cases, uncertain technology. The recently described CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing technology significantly reduces the time and the cost that are required to generate genetically engineered mice, allowing scientists to test more precise and bold hypotheses in vivo. Using this revolutionary methodology we have generated more than 100 novel genetically engineered mouse strains. In the current protocol, we describe in detail the optimal conditions to generate mice carrying point mutations, chromosomal deletions, conditional alleles, fusion tags, or endogenous reporters.


Assuntos
Animais Geneticamente Modificados , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Marcação de Genes/métodos , Recombinação Genética , Animais , Camundongos
4.
Parasitol Res ; 113(7): 2757-9, 2014 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24802871

RESUMO

Encephalitozoon cuniculi is an obligate intracellular microsporidian parasite that can result in clinical and subclinical infection in many species. In the present study, a serological survey was conducted using samples from 105 horses in the state of New Jersey; 49 of the samples were obtained from clinically abnormal animals. Five or 4.8% of 105 serum samples were found to demonstrate reactivity by ELISA with titers of 1:64 to 1:1,024. One of the samples was obtained from a clinically normal horse. Clinical signs and diagnoses from the other animals included lameness, colic, osteochondritis dissecans, and fever. All clinical issues were resolved with hospitalization and treatment without the institution of E. cuniculi-focused therapy. This is the first report on the detection of E. cuniculi antibodies in horses in the USA.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Encephalitozoon cuniculi/isolamento & purificação , Encefalitozoonose/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos , Animais , Encephalitozoon cuniculi/imunologia , Encefalitozoonose/epidemiologia , Encefalitozoonose/imunologia , Encefalitozoonose/parasitologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Feminino , Cavalos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia
5.
J Psychosom Res ; 75(2): 142-6, 2013 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23915770

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: It has been theorized that conversion disorder is the result of emotion that cannot be experienced consciously as feeling states or put into words (i.e., alexithymia), but there is little confirming empirical evidence. We sought to characterize subjects with conversion disorder compared to subjects with a distinct medical illness, using the model of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) vs. epilepsy (ES), on measures of childhood traumatic experience, alexithymia and maturity of psychological defensive strategies. METHODS: All subjects admitted to the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit of the University of Cincinnati Medical Center were offered self-report questionnaires (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 and Response Evaluation Measure-71) at the outset of evaluation. Diagnosis of each subject was confirmed by video-EEG and we compared subjects with PNES to those with ES on these measures. RESULTS: 82 subjects had ES AND 96 had PNES. Those with PNES were significantly more likely to have experienced childhood trauma in all domains (p=.005 to p=.05), and were significantly more likely to have alexithymia (p=.0267). There was a significant difference in the capacity to identify feelings, and a trend towards significance in capacity to describe feelings. There were no differences in defensive styles between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: PNES diagnosis was associated with female sex, higher alexithymia scores and higher rates of childhood trauma, but not with differences in defensive styles compared to ES. These findings add empirical evidence for theories regarding the cause of conversion disorder and may aid in the design of prospective treatment trials in patients with conversion disorder.


Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica , Sintomas Afetivos/psicologia , Transtorno Conversivo/etiologia , Epilepsia/psicologia , Convulsões/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Transtorno Conversivo/diagnóstico , Transtorno Conversivo/psicologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Epilepsia/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Convulsões/diagnóstico , Fatores Sexuais , Inquéritos e Questionários
6.
J Pediatr Oncol Nurs ; 28(4): 203-23, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21653911

RESUMO

Children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) receive treatment that relies on daily self- or parent/caregiver-administered oral chemotherapy for approximately 2 years. Despite the fact that pediatric ALL is uniformly fatal without adequate treatment, nonadherence to oral chemotherapy has been observed in up to one third of patients. Little is known about the reasons for nonadherence in these patients. This study used Straussian grounded theory methodology to develop and validate a model to explain the process of adherence to oral chemotherapy in children and adolescents with ALL. Thirty-eight semistructured interviews (with 17 patients and 21 parents/caregivers) and 4 focused group discussions were conducted. Three stages were identified in the process of adherence: (a) Recognizing the Threat, (b) Taking Control, and (c) Managing for the Duration. Doing Our Part was identified as the core theme explaining the process of adherence and involves the parent (or patient) taking responsibility for assuring that medications are taken as prescribed. Understanding the association between taking oral chemotherapy and control/cure of leukemia (Making the Connection) appeared to mediate adherence behaviors.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Adesão à Medicação/etnologia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/tratamento farmacológico , População Branca/psicologia , Administração Oral , Adolescente , Adulto , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Criança , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adesão à Medicação/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Teoria Psicológica , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Adulto Jovem
7.
Radiother Oncol ; 98(3): 330-4, 2011 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21339009

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Dose planning requires a CT scan which provides the electron density distribution for dose calculation. MR provides superior soft tissue contrast compared to CT and the use of MR-alone for prostate planning would provide further benefits such as lower cost to the patient. This study compares the accuracy of MR-alone based dose calculations with bulk electron density assignment to CT-based dose calculations for prostate radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT and whole pelvis MR images were contoured for 39 prostate patients. Plans with uniform density and plans with bulk density values assigned to bone and tissue were compared to the patient's gold standard full density CT plan. The optimal bulk density for bone was calculated using effective depth measurements. The plans were evaluated using ICRU point doses, dose volume histograms, and Chi comparisons. Differences in spatial uniformity were investigated for the CT and MR scans. RESULTS: The calculated dose for CT bulk bone and tissue density plans was 0.1±0.6% (mean±1 SD) higher than the corresponding full density CT plan. MR bulk bone and tissue density plans were 1.3±0.8% lower than the full density CT plan. CT uniform density plans and MR uniform density plans were 1.4±0.9% and 2.6±0.9% lower, respectively. Paired t-tests performed on specific points on the DVH graphs showed that points on DVHs for all bulk electron density plans were equivalent with two exceptions. There was no significant difference between doses calculated on Pinnacle and Eclipse. The dose distributions of six patients produced Chi values outside the acceptable range of values when MR-based plans were compared to the full density plan. CONCLUSIONS: MR-alone bulk density planning is feasible provided bone is assigned a density, however, manual segmentation of bone on MR images will have to be replaced with automatic methods. The major dose differences for MR bulk density plans are due to differences in patient external contours introduced by the MR couch-top and pelvic coil.


Assuntos
Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Neoplasias da Próstata/radioterapia , Radiometria , Planejamento da Radioterapia Assistida por Computador , Idoso , Protocolos Clínicos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico por imagem , Planejamento da Radioterapia Assistida por Computador/normas , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
8.
J Nurs Care Qual ; 26(3): 279-85, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21209594

RESUMO

Preventing falls in acute care hospitals is a major challenge, and achieving positive outcomes has remained elusive. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of lower extremity strengthening exercises and mobility on fall rates and fall rates with injury. A nonequivalent control group design was used. Subjects on the intervention unit received targeted lower extremity strengthening exercises and ambulation using a nurse-driven mobility protocol; subjects on the control unit received ambulation alone. One assisted fall occurred on the intervention unit.


Assuntos
Acidentes por Quedas/prevenção & controle , Terapia por Exercício , Extremidade Inferior/fisiologia , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Acidentes por Quedas/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Hospitalização , Humanos , Caminhada
9.
J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care ; 21(5): 408-16, 2010.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20409734

RESUMO

People living with HIV infection have a significantly higher rate of anal cancer as compared with that of uninfected people. It is believed that high-grade anal dysplasia secondary to human papillomavirus infection is a precursor to anal cancer. Considering this, screening and treatment of high-grade anal dysplasia is a possible means of preventing the development of anal cancer. No national or international guidelines exist to guide practice for screening and management of anal dysplasia. On the basis of a review of research and expert recommendations, a guide to practice for screening and management of anal dysplasia and anal cancer is made for clinicians.


Assuntos
Neoplasias do Ânus/complicações , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Neoplasias do Ânus/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Ânus/epidemiologia , Neoplasias do Ânus/terapia , Humanos , Masculino
10.
J Nurs Care Qual ; 24(4): 325-31, 2009.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19395979

RESUMO

The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of a nurse-driven mobility protocol on functional decline. A nonequivalent control group design was used; the independent variable was mobility protocol and dependent variables were functional status and length of stay. Older adults who participated in a mobility protocol maintained or improved functional status and had a reduced length of stay. Practice implications include an emphasis on ambulation in hospitalized older adults.


Assuntos
Atividades Cotidianas , Enfermagem Geriátrica/métodos , Hospitalização , Longevidade , Autocuidado/métodos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar , Caminhada
12.
Mol Cell Neurosci ; 35(2): 383-96, 2007 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17498969

RESUMO

Drosophila larval crawling is a simple behavior that allows us to dissect the functions of specific neurons in the intact animal and explore the roles of genes in the specification of those neurons. By inhibiting subsets of neurons in the PNS, we have found that two classes of multidendritic neurons play a major role in larval crawling. The bipolar dendrites and class I mds send a feedback signal to the CNS that keeps the contraction wave progressing quickly, allowing smooth forward movement. Genetic manipulation of the sensory neurons suggests that this feedback depends on proper dendritic morphology and axon pathfinding to appropriate synaptic target areas in the CNS. Our data suggest that coordination of muscle activity in larval crawling requires feedback from neurons acting as proprioceptors, sending a "mission accomplished" signal in response to segment contraction, and resulting in rapid relaxation of the segment and propagation of the wave.


Assuntos
Retroalimentação , Movimento/fisiologia , Músculos/fisiologia , Rede Nervosa/fisiologia , Neurônios Aferentes/fisiologia , Animais , Animais Geneticamente Modificados , Comportamento Animal , Dendritos/fisiologia , Drosophila , Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Embrião não Mamífero , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/biossíntese , Modelos Biológicos , Neurônios Aferentes/citologia , Gravação de Videoteipe
13.
J Contemp Dent Pract ; 8(3): 13-20, 2007 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17351677

RESUMO

AIM: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of hypertension in a dental hygiene clinic and evaluate factors related to the disease. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Records of 615 patients, treated by dental hygiene students during 2003, were reviewed. Data collected included systolic and diastolic blood pressure, presence of diabetes and renal disease, non-modifiers (race, gender, and age), and modifiers (marital status, smoking habits, and occupation). RESULTS: According to the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC7) classification, 154 (25%) of the subjects had normal blood pressure readings, 374 (60.8%) had prehypertension, and 87 (14.1%) had stage 1 hypertension. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the JNC7 classification between groups when considering the non-modifiers' race (p=.02) and the modifiers' smoking habits (p=.03) and occupation (p=.01). A statistically significant difference in the JNC7 classification existed between groups with diabetes (p=.00). The majority of patients had blood pressure readings in the prehypertension stage. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, the researchers recommend clinical policy modifications which include: additional documentation for blood pressure readings in the prehypertension stage, lowering the systolic reading from 160 mmHg to 140 mmHg when adding hypertension alert labels, and noting prehypertension/hypertension on the dental hygiene care plan with the appropriate interventions.


Assuntos
Clínicas Odontológicas , Profilaxia Dentária , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Negro ou Afro-Americano , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Análise de Variância , Higienistas Dentários/educação , Feminino , Georgia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Hipertensão/classificação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fumar/epidemiologia , População Branca
14.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg ; 135(5): 736-43, 2006 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17071304

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Our laboratory is investigating the role that gap junction intercellular channels (composed of proteins called connexins) play in communicating apoptotic signals from therapeutically targeted squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) cells to adjacent, untreated, "bystander" cells (bystander effect). The nature of this research underscores the importance of delineating connexin expression patterns in SCCHN, and how this correlates with gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and bystander effects. STUDY DESIGN: The GJIC activity of a diverse panel of SCCHN cell lines, as well as normal oral epithelial (NOE) cell controls was determined in vitro. These data were correlated with connexin expression patterns determined through connexin 43 and connexin 26 immunofluorescence. RESULTS: Cell lines with retained GJIC activity all expressed connexin 43 on the cell membrane. Cell lines that did not communicate microinjected lucifer yellow (lost GJIC activity) showed no connexin expression, either at the cell membrane or in the cytosol. Connexin 26 was not expressed in any of our SCCHN cell lines, whereas both connexin 43 and connexin 26 were expressed in the NOE cell controls. Furthermore, connexin 43 introduction into a GJIC (and connexin) deficient SCCHN cell line conferred no growth inhibitory effect. CONCLUSION: Connexin 43 expression correlates with retained GJIC in SCCHN in vitro. Connexin 26 may have a role as a tumor suppressor in SCCHN. SIGNIFICANCE: The data presented have relevance to our ongoing investigations of gap-junction mediated bystander effects in SCCHN and are being expanded to investigations on actual SCCHN tumor specimens.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/fisiopatologia , Comunicação Celular/fisiologia , Conexina 43/análise , Conexinas/análise , Junções Comunicantes/fisiologia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/fisiopatologia , Apoptose/fisiologia , Efeito Espectador/fisiologia , Contagem de Células , Conexina 26 , Células Epiteliais/fisiologia , Imunofluorescência , Humanos , Mucosa Bucal/citologia , Células Tumorais Cultivadas
16.
J Contemp Dent Pract ; 7(2): 55-62, 2006 May 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16685295

RESUMO

An estimated 50 million Americans have high blood pressure (HBP), with 30% of them unaware of their condition. Both the American Dental Association (ADA) and the American Dental Hygienists' Association (ADHA) have advocated including recording blood pressure during the dental appointment. Recording blood pressure is also a standard procedure in patient care. This study surveyed 236 dental hygienists attending a continuing education program to document their blood pressure assessment practices. The majority (55%) of participants indicated they rarely or never record blood pressure. The primary reason cited by 51% of the participants was a lack of time in the appointment. Based on these findings, a recommendation was made for dental offices to modify their patient check-in procedures to include recording blood pressure.


Assuntos
Determinação da Pressão Arterial/estatística & dados numéricos , Higienistas Dentários/estatística & dados numéricos , Higienistas Dentários/educação , Humanos , Estudos de Amostragem , Estados Unidos
17.
Dev Biol ; 287(2): 440-55, 2005 Nov 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16183053

RESUMO

Studies in genetic model organisms such as Drosophila have demonstrated that the homeotic complex (Hox) genes impart segmental identity during embryogenesis. Comparative studies in a wide range of other insect taxa have shown that the Hox genes are expressed in largely conserved domains along the anterior-posterior body axis, but whether they are performing the same functions in different insects is an open question. Most of the Hox genes have been studied functionally in only a few holometabolous insects that undergo metamorphosis. Thus, it is unclear how the Hox genes are functioning in the majority of direct-developing insects and other arthropods. To address this question, we used a combination of RNAi and in situ hybridization to reveal the expression, functions, and regulatory interactions of the Hox genes in the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus. Our results reveal many similarities and some interesting differences compared to Drosophila. We find that the gene Antennapedia is required for the identity of all three thoracic segments, while Ultrabithorax, abdominal-A and Abdominal-B cooperate to pattern the abdomen. The three abdominal genes exhibit posterior prevalence like in Drosophila, but apparently via some post-transcriptional mechanism. The functions of the head genes proboscipedia, Deformed, and Sex combs reduced were shown previously, and here we find that the complex temporal expression of pb in the labium is like that of other insects, but its regulatory relationship with Scr is unique. Overall, our data reveal that the evolution of insect Hox genes has included many small changes within general conservation of expression and function, and that the milkweed bug provides a useful model for understanding the roles of Hox genes in a direct-developing insect.


Assuntos
Genes Homeobox/fisiologia , Genes de Insetos , Hemípteros/metabolismo , Animais , Padronização Corporal , Drosophila/genética , Hemípteros/genética , Morfogênese , Interferência de RNA
18.
Mol Biol Cell ; 16(5): 2424-32, 2005 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15772159

RESUMO

Bcl-2 family proteins regulate apoptosis, in part, by controlling formation of the mitochondrial apoptosis-induced channel (MAC), which is a putative cytochrome c release channel induced early in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. This channel activity was never observed in Bcl-2-overexpressing cells. Furthermore, MAC appears when Bax translocates to mitochondria and cytochrome c is released in cells dying by intrinsic apoptosis. Bax is a component of MAC of staurosporine-treated HeLa cells because MAC activity is immunodepleted by Bax antibodies. MAC is preferentially associated with oligomeric, not monomeric, Bax. The single channel behavior of recombinant oligomeric Bax and MAC is similar. Both channel activities are modified by cytochrome c, consistent with entrance of this protein into the pore. The mean conductance of patches of mitochondria isolated after green fluorescent protein-Bax translocation is significantly higher than those from untreated cells, consistent with onset of MAC activity. In contrast, the mean conductance of patches of mitochondria indicates MAC activity is present in apoptotic cells deficient in Bax but absent in apoptotic cells deficient in both Bax and Bak. These findings indicate Bax is a component of MAC in staurosporine-treated HeLa cells and suggest Bax and Bak are functionally redundant as components of MAC.


Assuntos
Citocromos c/metabolismo , Flavoproteínas/química , Flavoproteínas/metabolismo , Canais Iônicos/química , Canais Iônicos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/química , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/química , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Apoptose , Fator de Indução de Apoptose , Citocromos c/farmacologia , Flavoproteínas/genética , Células HeLa , Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Canais Iônicos/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Estrutura Quaternária de Proteína , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/química , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/metabolismo , Ribonuclease Pancreático/metabolismo , Estaurosporina/farmacologia , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2
19.
Evol Dev ; 6(6): 393-401, 2004.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15509221

RESUMO

Many embryonic patterning genes are remarkably conserved between vertebrates and invertebrates, and the Hox genes are paradigmatic examples of this conservation. Yet even Hox genes can change dramatically in evolution. Two genes in particular--Hox3 and fushi tarazu--lost their ancestral roles as homeotic genes and play very different developmental roles in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. The Drosophila Hox3 homologs zerknullt and bicoid act in extraembryonic tissues and in establishment of the anteroposterior axis, respectively, whereas fushi tarazu acts in segmentation and neurogenesis. It would be valuable to know what mechanisms allowed Hox3 and ftz to abandon their ancestral roles as homeotic genes and take on new roles. To explore the evolutionary transition of these genes, we analyzed their expression in a primitive insect, the firebrat Thermobia domestica. The expression patterns seem to represent a stage of evolution intermediate between the ancestral state seen in basal arthropods and the derived expression patterns in Drosophila. These expression data help us to narrow the period in which the gene transitions took place. Hox3 appears to have evolved directly into zen within the insects, whereas ftz seems to have adopted the expression patterns of a segmentation and neurogenesis gene earlier in the mandibulate arthropods.


Assuntos
Padronização Corporal/fisiologia , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/biossíntese , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento/fisiologia , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/biossíntese , Proteínas de Insetos/biossíntese , Insetos/embriologia , Fatores de Transcrição/biossíntese , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Evolução Biológica , Padronização Corporal/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Fatores de Transcrição Fushi Tarazu , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento/genética , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/genética , Proteínas de Insetos/genética , Insetos/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Fatores de Transcrição/genética
20.
J Dent Hyg ; 78(4): 11, 2004.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16197751

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Recent research suggests that one in five Americans has hypertension, according to the American Heart Association. When hypertension is undiagnosed or uncontrolled, it places patients at risk for other cardiovascular diseases, contributing to an increase in mortality. Dental hygienists are in an ideal setting to screen for this silent disease. This study was designed to determine how frequently a group of practicing dental hygienists performs screenings for hypertension on their patients, and to determine the barriers that prevent this screening from occurring. METHODS: One hundred one dental hygienists were questioned with a written survey about their blood pressure screening practices and their reasons for not taking blood pressure readings, if applicable. RESULTS: Sixty-seven dental hygienists completed the survey. Survey results revealed that the majority of dental hygienists were not recording blood pressure readings, even though their dental hygiene school curriculum had emphasized doing so for all patients. The most frequently cited reasons for not performing a routine blood pressure screening were insufficient time in the appointment and the minimal value given to the procedure by their employers. CONCLUSION: To work against obstacles that prevent the provision of this service, dental and dental hygiene faculty must increase their efforts to inculcate in their students the value of blood pressure screening. Further studies are needed to determine if the findings of this study are indicative of only one segment of dental hygiene practitioners, or if they represent the norm in the profession.


Assuntos
Determinação da Pressão Arterial/estatística & dados numéricos , Higienistas Dentários , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Programas de Rastreamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Projetos Piloto , Prática Profissional , Análise de Regressão , Inquéritos e Questionários
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