RESUMO
A*02:687 showed one nucleotide difference with A*02:01:01:01 resulting in an amino acid change.
Assuntos
Alelos , Éxons , Antígeno HLA-A2/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Doadores de Tecidos , Adulto , Substituição de Aminoácidos , Povo Asiático , Sequência de Bases , Códon/química , Transplante de Células-Tronco de Sangue do Cordão Umbilical , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Genótipo , Antígeno HLA-A2/imunologia , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Humanos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
The new allele A*33:102 showed two nucleotide differences with A*33:03:01 in exon 3.
Assuntos
Alelos , Sangue Fetal/imunologia , Antígenos HLA-A/genética , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Sequência de Bases , Éxons/genética , Feminino , Humanos , República da CoreiaRESUMO
The new allele B*59:09 showed two nucleotide differences with B*59:01:01:01 in exon 3.
Assuntos
Alelos , Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Sequência de Bases , Transplante de Células-Tronco de Sangue do Cordão Umbilical , Éxons , Feminino , Genótipo , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , República da Coreia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Doadores de TecidosRESUMO
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity is characterized by chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation, as well as insulin resistance, but the link between obesity and adaptive immunity remains to be fully studied. METHODS: To elucidate the role of adaptive immunity on body composition, glucose homeostasis and inflammation, recombination-activating gene 1 knockout (Rag1-/-) mice, without mature T-lymphocytes or B-lymphocytes, were maintained on a low- or high-fat diet (LFD and HFD, respectively) for 11 weeks. RESULTS: Rag1-/- mice fed HFD gained significantly more weight and had increased body fat compared with wild type. Downregulation of energy expenditure as well as brown fat uncoupling protein UCP-1 and UCP-3 gene expression were noticed in HFD-fed Rag1-/- mice compared with LFD. HFD mice had significantly decreased energy intake compared with LFD mice, consistent with decreased agouti-related protein and increased pro-opiomelanocortin gene expression levels in the hypothalamus. Moreover, compared with wild type, Rag1-/- mice had lower interleukin (IL)-4 levels, a cytokine recently found to induce browning in white adipocytes, and higher IL-12 levels in HFD-fed Rag1-/- mice. Despite that HFD Rag1-/- mice were more obese, they had similar glucose, insulin and adiponectin levels, while leptin was marginally increased. CONCLUSIONS: Mice with deficiency in adaptive immunity are obese, partly owing to decreased energy expenditure, but are metabolically normal, suggesting that mature lymphocytes have necessary roles in the development of obesity-related metabolic dysregulation.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Homeodomínio/metabolismo , Hipotálamo/patologia , Insulina/metabolismo , Linfócitos/metabolismo , Obesidade/patologia , Imunidade Adaptativa , Animais , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Inflamação , Resistência à Insulina , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Obesidade/metabolismoRESUMO
Methods for estimating the cord blood (CB) inventory size required vary according to the ethnic diversity of the HLA, degree of HLA matching and HLA-typing resolution. We estimated the CB inventory size required using 7190 stored CB units (CBU) and 2450 patients who were awaiting or underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. With high-resolution typing of HLA-A, B and DRB1, 94.6% of Korean patients could find CBUs in 100 000 CBUs with a 5/6 match, and 95.7% could find CBUs in 5000 CBUs with a 4/6 match. With low-resolution typing of HLA-A and B and high-resolution typing of leukocyte antigen-DRB1, 95% of patients could find CBUs in 50 000 CBUs with a 5/6 match, and 96.7% could find CBUs in 3000 CBUs with a 4/6 match. With additional high-resolution typing for HLA-A and B, which could improve transplantation outcome, the size of the CB inventory would need to increase twofold for Koreans.
Assuntos
Armazenamento de Sangue/métodos , Transplante de Células-Tronco de Sangue do Cordão Umbilical/métodos , Sangue Fetal/imunologia , Antígenos HLA/imunologia , Teste de Histocompatibilidade/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Irisin is a recently identified exercise-induced myokine suggested to induce browning of white adipocytes. Deficiency of myostatin, and thus stimulation of muscle growth, has also been reported to induce irisin and its precursor FNDC5 expression in muscle and drive the browning of white adipocytes in mice, implying that irisin may be related to muscle growth in addition to its beneficial effects in adipocytes. In humans, the effect of irisin in muscle hypertrophy as well as adipocyte metabolism has not been fully investigated. METHODS: Primary cultured human myocytes/adipocytes and 3T3-L1 cells were used to examine irisin-regulated gene/protein expression. Lipid accumulation, ATP content, glycolysis, lipolysis and metabolite profile were measured in control and irisin-treated (10 and 50 nM) adipocytes. RESULTS: In human myocytes, FNDC5 mRNA and irisin secretion were increased during myogenic differentiation, along with PGC1α and myogenin expression. Irisin treatment significantly increased insulin-like growth factor 1 and decreased myostatin gene expression through ERK pathway. PGC1α4, a newly discovered PGC1α isoform specifically related to muscle hypertrophy, was also upregulated. In human adipocytes, irisin induced uncoupling protein 1 and consequently increased adipocyte energy expenditure, expression of metabolic enzymes and metabolite intermediates, resulting in inhibition of lipid accumulation. Irisin and FNDC5 treatment also reduced preadipocyte differentiation, suggesting an additional mechanism in suppressing fat mass. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that irisin/FNDC5 has a pleiotropic role in muscle and improvement of adipocyte metabolism in humans.
Assuntos
Células 3T3-L1/metabolismo , Adipócitos/metabolismo , Fibronectinas/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Western Blotting , Diferenciação Celular , Células Cultivadas , Fibronectinas/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Resistência à Insulina , Camundongos , Músculo Esquelético/crescimento & desenvolvimento , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismoRESUMO
Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and haplotypes differ significantly among different ethnic groups, and high-resolution typing methods allow for the detection of a wider spectrum of HLA variations. In this study, HLA-A, -B and -DRB1 genotypes were analysed in 4128 cord blood units obtained from Korean women using the sequence-based typing method. A total of 44 HLA-A, 67 HLA-B and 48 HLA-DRB1 most probable alleles were identified. Of these, high-frequency alleles found at a frequency of ≥5% were 6 HLA-A (A*02:01, A*02:06, A*11:01, A*24:02, A*31:01, A*33:03), 5 HLA-B (B*15:01, B*44:03, B*51:01, B*54:01, B*58:01) and 7 HLA-DRB1 (DRB1*01:01, DRB1*04:05, DRB1*07:01, DRB1*08:03, DRB1*09:01, DRB1*13:02, DRB1*15:01) alleles. At each locus, A*02, B*15 and DRB1*04 generic groups were most diverse at allelic level, consisting of 8, 11 and 10 different alleles, respectively. Two- and three-locus haplotypes estimated by the maximum likelihood method revealed 73 A-B, 74 B-DRB1 and 42 A-B-DRB1 haplotypes with frequencies of ≥0.3%. A total of 193 A-B-DRB1 haplotypes found at a frequency of ≥0.1% were presented, and the six most common haplotypes were A*33:03-B*44:03-DRB1*13:02 (4.6%), A*33:03-B*58:01-DRB1*13:02 (3.0%), A*24:02-B*07:02-DRB1*01:01 (2.7%), A*33:03-B*44:03-DRB1*07:01 (2.5%), A*30:01-B*13:02-DRB1*07:01 (2.2%) and A*24:02-B*52:01-DRB1*15:02 (2.1%). Compared with previous smaller scale studies, this study further delineated the allelic and haplotypic diversity in Koreans including low-frequency alleles and haplotypes. Information obtained in this study will be useful for the search for unrelated bone marrow donors and for anthropologic and disease association studies.
Assuntos
Antígenos HLA-A/genética , Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Cadeias HLA-DRB1/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Alelos , Povo Asiático/genética , Feminino , Sangue Fetal/metabolismo , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Haplótipos , Humanos , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , República da Coreia , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
The novel alleles DRB1*12:03:03 and DRB1*13:143 differ from DRB1*12:03:02 and DRB1*13:02:01 by one nucleotide in exon 2, respectively.
Assuntos
Alelos , Cadeias HLA-DRB1/genética , Éxons , Humanos , Dados de Sequência MolecularRESUMO
The novel allele B*40:179 showed one nucleotide difference with B*40:01:01 in exon 4.
Assuntos
Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Alelos , Povo Asiático , Sequência de Bases , Éxons , Feminino , Sangue Fetal , Antígenos HLA-B/imunologia , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Gravidez , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
The novel allele A*02:328 showed one nucleotide difference with A*02:06:01 in exon 3 resulting in an amino acid change at codon 120 from Gly to Arg.
Assuntos
Alelos , Sangue Fetal , Antígenos HLA-A/genética , Povo Asiático/genética , Sequência de Bases , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , República da Coreia , Alinhamento de Sequência , Terminologia como Assunto , Organização Mundial da SaúdeRESUMO
The new allele, HLA-A*33:25, differs from A*33:03:01 by one nucleotide substitution in exon 4 (c.778G>A) which results in an amino acid change at codon 236 [GCAâACA (Ala>Thr)] in ß2-microglobulin-binding domain.
Assuntos
Povo Asiático , Antígenos HLA-A/genética , Adulto , Alelos , Substituição de Aminoácidos , Sequência de Bases , Transplante de Medula Óssea , Transplante de Células-Tronco de Sangue do Cordão Umbilical , Éxons , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Antígenos HLA-A/imunologia , Haplótipos , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mutação Puntual , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Sistema de Registros , República da Coreia , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
The nonlinear elasticity of thin supported membranes assembled from length purified single-wall carbon nanotubes is analyzed through the wrinkling instability that develops under uniaxial compression. In contrast with thin polymer films, pristine nanotube membranes exhibit strong softening under finite strain associated with bond slip and network fracture. We model the response as a shift in percolation threshold generated by strain-induced nanotube alignment in accordance with theoretical predictions.
RESUMO
Previous studies have shown that the presence of unerupted mandibular third molars predisposes the mandible to angle fractures. This study attempted to relate the presence of unerupted mandibular third molars with the incidence of condyle fractures. The authors compared the proportion of fractures in 439 patients who had unerupted third molars or no unerupted third molars. Fractures at the condylar region showed a significantly higher incidence in patients without unerupted third molars than in those patients with unerupted third molars. This study provides solid clinical evidence to suggest that the removal of unerupted mandibular third molars predisposes the mandible to condyle fractures.
Assuntos
Côndilo Mandibular/lesões , Fraturas Mandibulares/etiologia , Dente Serotino/cirurgia , Extração Dentária/efeitos adversos , Dente não Erupcionado/cirurgia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Previous studies have shown that a combination of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and autogenous bone graft can increase the rate of osteogenesis and enhance bone formation qualitatively. However, contradictory results were reported in a recent animal study. In order to clarify this inconsistency, this study examined the influence of the PRP concentrations on the viability and proliferation of alveolar bone cells in vitro. Bone cells obtained from the alveolar bone chips were exposed to various PRP concentrations. After a culture period of 7 days, cellular viability and proliferation were evaluated by counting the number of cells and a MTT assay. The results showed that the viability and proliferation of alveolar bone cells were suppressed by high PRP concentrations, but were stimulated by low PRP concentrations (1-5%). These in vitro results support the view that variations in the PRP concentrations might influence the bone formation within the PRP-treated bone grafts.
Assuntos
Processo Alveolar/citologia , Plaquetas , Osteoblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Contagem de Células , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Cães , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Substâncias de Crescimento/farmacologiaRESUMO
The role of cultured bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in peripheral nerve regeneration was examined using an established rabbit peroneal nerve regeneration model. A 15-mm peroneal nerve defect was bridged with a vein filled with BMSCs (1 x 10(6)), which had been embedded in collagen gel. On the contralateral side, the defect was bridged with a vein filled with collagen gel alone. When the regenerated tissue was examined 4, 8 and 12 weeks after grafting, the number and diameter of the myelinated fibers in the side with the BMSCs were significantly higher than in the control side without the BMSCs. This demonstrates the potential of using cultured BMSCs in peripheral nerve regeneration.
Assuntos
Transplante de Medula Óssea/métodos , Regeneração Nervosa/fisiologia , Nervo Fibular/fisiopatologia , Animais , Diferenciação Celular , Células Cultivadas , Colágeno/uso terapêutico , Fibroblastos/fisiologia , Géis , Regeneração Tecidual Guiada/instrumentação , Regeneração Tecidual Guiada/métodos , Masculino , Fibras Nervosas Mielinizadas/fisiologia , Fibras Nervosas Mielinizadas/ultraestrutura , Proteínas de Neurofilamentos/análise , Nervo Fibular/patologia , Nervo Fibular/cirurgia , Fosfopiruvato Hidratase/análise , Coelhos , Proteínas S100/análise , Células Estromais/transplanteRESUMO
The aim of this study was to determine whether or not the use of the mandibular angle reduction forceps decreases the incidence of post-operative complications. Forty-six patients, who presented with mandibular angle fractures with a displacement or dislocation, were randomly divided into two treatment groups. Both groups underwent an open reduction with a single upper border miniplate and screw fixation. For 23 patients, the mandibular angle reduction forceps was used to aid in fracture reduction, and for 23 patients, the reduction of the fracture was achieved using IMF. The post-reduction radiographs showed that the reduction forceps group had a higher proportion of precise anatomic alignment of fracture than those in the IMF group. In addition, the former group showed a lower rate of post-operative complications, as compared to the latter group. This study found that the use of the mandibular angle reduction forceps is an important factor for decreasing the incidence of post-surgical complication.
Assuntos
Fixação Interna de Fraturas/instrumentação , Técnicas de Fixação da Arcada Osseodentária/instrumentação , Fraturas Mandibulares/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Placas Ósseas , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Feminino , Consolidação da Fratura , Humanos , Masculino , Fraturas Mandibulares/diagnóstico por imagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Radiografia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
This study was undertaken to evaluate the biomechanical stability of various miniplate fixation techniques in varying degrees of atrophy and to determine optimal fixation techniques for fractures of the atrophic edentulous mandible. A total of 78 bovine ribs were randomly divided into 13 groups of six each; one non-atrophic group and twelve atrophic groups. Each one of the 13 sets of six ribs was formed based on the vertical dimension (40, 20, 15 or 10 mm) and osteotomized. The segments so produced were then reduced and fixed using various miniplate fixation techniques. The stability of various miniplate fixations in ribs showing varying degrees of atrophy (10, 15 and 20 mm) was compared with that of one miniplate fixation in non-atrophic ribs (40 mm), used as a standard. Atrophic groups utilizing single miniplate were significantly less stable than the non-atrophic group, whereas atrophic groups fitted with double miniplates, such as two 4-hole or two 6-hole miniplates, were significantly more stable than the non-atrophic group. The two miniplate fixation technique is recommended for the provision of adequate fracture site stability when open reduction is indicated in cases of atrophic edentulous mandibular fractures.
Assuntos
Placas Ósseas , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/instrumentação , Arcada Edêntula/cirurgia , Fraturas Mandibulares/cirurgia , Animais , Atrofia , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Parafusos Ósseos , Bovinos , Desenho de Equipamento , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/métodos , Mandíbula/patologia , Mandíbula/cirurgia , Distribuição Aleatória , Costelas , Estresse Mecânico , TitânioRESUMO
We have developed a reliable method of microneural anastomosis using cyanoacrylate adhesives. This method involves overlapping the epineuriums of the two nerve ends and then applying two or three microdrops of cyanoacrylate adhesive on the surface of the epineurium just where the epineuriums overlap. The sciatic nerves of Sprague-Dawley rats were transected and repaired either with 10-0 nylon sutures or by using the described method. Histological evaluation showed no significant difference in the outcome of nerve regeneration between the two groups. It was concluded that the cyanoacrylate repair deserves to be considered as an alternative to the conventional suture technique in microneural anastomosis.
Assuntos
Anastomose Cirúrgica/métodos , Cianoacrilatos/uso terapêutico , Microcirurgia/métodos , Nervo Isquiático/cirurgia , Adesivos Teciduais/uso terapêutico , Animais , Axônios/ultraestrutura , Corantes , Congelamento , Secções Congeladas , Indóis , Fibras Nervosas/ultraestrutura , Regeneração Nervosa/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Técnicas de Sutura , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
In this study, we evaluated the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on bone regeneration in an autogenous bone graft in a canine model. The mandibular premolar teeth had been bilaterally extracted previously, and the ridges had been allowed to heal for 3 months. After this period, continuity resection was performed on both sides of the mandible. One defect (the PRP group) was reconstructed with the original particulate bone mixed with PRP. As a control, the contralateral defect (non-PRP group) was reconstructed with the original particulate bone alone. Biopsies after 6 weeks showed lower levels of bone formation in the PRP group than in the non-PRP group, and fluorescence microscopy revealed a delay in the remodelling of grafts loaded with PRP. These findings suggest that the addition of PRP does not appear to enhance new bone formation in autogenous bone grafts.
Assuntos
Plaquetas , Regeneração Óssea/fisiologia , Transplante Ósseo/fisiologia , Mandíbula/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Bucais , Animais , Regeneração Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Transplante Ósseo/métodos , Cães , Géis/farmacologia , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Plasmaferese , Fator de Crescimento Derivado de Plaquetas/farmacologia , Procedimentos de Cirurgia PlásticaRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term radiological results obtained with open reduction and fixation of unilateral mandibular condyle fractures in 10 patients. CT images taken at the end of the follow-up period (average of 22 months, range 7 to 33 months), were traced and digitized, and the position and morphology of the fractured condylar process was statistically compared with those of the contralateral non-fractured condylar process in the coronal, transverse and sagittal planes. Little difference was observed in the position or morphology of the condylar process in the operated and non-fractured joints. This study shows that it is possible to anatomically reduce fractured condyles, and thereby to avoid postoperative disadvantageous joint changes.