Psychological factors of adopting and maintaining physical activity for individuals with hypertension in a community / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To examine the impact of psychosocial factors on physical activity,so as to provide guidance for the development of an effective physical activity intervention program for individuals with hypertension.Methods This study used a baseline data from an intervention study on regular physical activity among hypertensive individuals.A multi-stage,stratified random sampling was utilized and finally 12 communities from 6 urban districts were chosen.Questionnaires were administrated through face-to-face interviews.A total of 586 participants were recruited and finally 559 completed the interviews with the response rate as 95.4％.Descriptive statistics and Cronbach' sα coefficients were used to test the reliability.General Linear Model analysis was used to analyze the relationship between stages of physical activity and psychological factors.Results Psychosocial measures on physical activity demonstrated good reliability with Cronbach α coefficient from 0.7 to 0.9.The scores for each psychological measures increased by increasing the scores of stages of physical activity.General Linear Model analysis revealed self-efficacy (β=0.379) while enjoyment of physical activity (β =0.234) was significantly correlated with physical activity (P＜0.05).The behavioral processes and family support marginally increased the physically activity (β =0.069 for behavioral processes and β=0.163 for family support,P＜0.10).Conclusion Our findings were informative for the development of community-based intervention programs on physical activity among hypertensive individuals.It indicated that physical activity intervention programs should be psychosocial theory-based,especially increasing their self-confidence and enjoyment,as well as with family support,in order to adopt and maintain the physical activities.

Clinical evaluation of valsartan and metoprolol tartrate in treatment of diabetic nephropathy with positive β1-adrenergic and anti-angiotensin II type 1 receptor antibody / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Studies have confirmed that angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN) has special advantages. We observed the effects of valsartan and metoprolol tartrate hydrchloride in treatment of DN patients with positive β1-adrenergic and anti-angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor antibody.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The epitopes of the second extracellular loop of β1 receptor (197 - 222) and AT1 receptor (165 - 191), were synthesized and used respectively to screen serum autoantibodies from patients with DN (n = 371, group A), diabetes mellitus (DM) without renal failure (n = 107, group B) and healthy blood donors (n = 47, control, group C) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Metoprolol tartrate 25 - 50 mg, three times per day, valsartan 160 mg, once a day, aspirin 100 mg, once a day, and nitrendipine 10 - 20 mg, three times per day, were given to DN patients with positive or negative autoantibodies. The cystatin C level and 24-hour urinary protein were measured before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In DN patients, the positive rate of the autoantibodies against β1 receptors and AT1 receptor was 47.7% and 51.5%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in DM patients and healthy controls (all P < 0.01). Patients with anormalous cystatin C had higher positive rates of the autoantibodies than patients with normal cystatin C. Valsartan and metoprolol tartrate reduced proteinuria significantly (P < 0.01) in DN patients with positive autoantibodies.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The findings suggest that these autoantibodies against β1 and AT1-receptor may play important roles in the pathogenesis of DN. Valsartan and metoprolol tartrate are effective and safe in the treatment of DN.</p>

Positive rate of autoantibodies against adrenergic receptors beta1 and angiotensin II type 1 receptors in the type 2 diabetes mellitus with or without hypertension / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the positive rates of autoantibodies against beta1 adrenergic receptors (beta1-receptor) and angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT(1)-receptor) in type 2 diabetes patients with or without hypertension.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The epitopes of the second extracellular loop of beta1-receptor (197 - 222) and AT(1) receptor (165 - 191) were synthesized and serum autoantibodies were determined in type 2 diabetes patients with hypertension (n = 171) or without hypertension (n = 106). Left ventricular dimension was determined by echocardiography. The 24-hour urinary protein was measured by ELISA. The risk factors for enlarged left ventricle were analyzed by multiple logistic regressions.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rates of the autoantibodies against beta1-receptors (45.0%) and AT(1)-receptor (46.2%) in patients with type 2 diabetes with hypertension were significantly higher than those in patients with type 2 diabetes without hypertension (16.0% and 10.4%, respectively, all P < 0.01). In type 2 diabetes patients with hypertension and enlarged left ventricle, the positive rates of the autoantibodies against beta1-receptor 61.4% (35/57) and against AT(1)-receptor 64.9% (37/57)were significantly higher than those in type 2 diabetes patients with normal left ventricular dimension (36.8%, 42/114 and 36.8%, 42/114, respectively, all P < 0.01). Regression analysis demonstrated that course of disease, systolic pressure, serum autoantibodies against beta1 adrenergic receptor and angiotensin II type 1 receptors sera autoantibodies were independent risk factors for left ventricular enlargement (all P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The serum beta1 and AT(1)-receptor autoantibodies are related to enlarged left ventricle in type 2 diabetes patients with hypertension and suggest that autoantibodies against beta1 and AT(1)-receptor might play important roles in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes patients with hypertension and enlarged left ventricle.</p>

Changes in endothelial function and its association with plasma osteoprotegerin in hypothyroidism with exercise-induced silent myocardial ischaemia.

OBJECTIVE: Hypothyroidism is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Exercise-induced silent myocardial ischaemia (SI) is an early stage of coronary artery disease. Recently, many studies have shown that endothelial dysfunction is an early physiological event in atherosclerosis, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) acts as an important regulatory molecule in the vasculature. The aim of this study was to investigate the alteration of endothelial function and its association with plasma OPG in hypothyroidism with SI. METHODS: Forty-eight female postmenopausal hypothyroid patients with normal rest electrocardiography (ECG) were selected. Of these, 19 cases had SI. Twenty healthy females without SI were selected as controls. High-resolution ultrasound was used to measure brachial artery diameter at rest, after reactive hyperaemia and after sublingual glyceryltrinitrate (GTN). Plasma OPG concentration was measured in duplicate by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Flow-mediated arterial dilation (FMD) in the total hypothyroid group, the hypothyroidism with SI group and the hypothyroidism without SI group was 3.51 +/- 0.62%, 3.20 +/- 0.54% and 3.72 +/- 0.60%, respectively, significantly lower than that in the controls (5.08 +/- 0.61%) (P < 0.01). Compared with the hypothyroidism without SI group, FMD in the hypothyroidism with SI group was significantly lower (P < 0.05). Plasma OPG levels in the total hypothyroid group, patients with SI and patients without SI were significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with patients without SI, OPG levels were significantly higher in patients with SI (P < 0.05). On multiple regression analysis, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], C-reactive protein (CRP), OPG, TSH, free T3 (FT3) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) were found to be significant factors that were associated with FMD. Logistic analysis also showed that LDL-C, TSH, OPG, CRP and FMD were independently and significantly associated with SI in hypothyroidism. CONCLUSION: Impaired endothelial function and increased levels of OPG exist in hypothyroid patients, especially those with SI. These findings support the growing concept that endothelial dysfunction may be associated with vascular disease, and subsequently elevated plasma OPG may have a role in the development of vascular dysfunction in hypothyroid patients.

The relation between positive rate of autoantibodies against beta1 and M2-adrenergic receptors and urinary albumin excretion rate in the type 2 diabetes mellitus with refractory hypertension / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relation between the positive rates of autoantibodies against beta(1) adrenergic receptor (beta1-receptor)and (M2-receptor) with urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) in type 2 diabetes patients with refractory hypertension.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Autoantibodies against beta(1)- and M(2)-receptor as well as autoantibodies were determined in type 2 diabetes patients with (n = 136) or without (n = 111) refractory hypertension, hypertensive patients without renal failure (n = 60) and healthy control subjects (n = 40, control) by ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rates of the autoantibodies against beta1-receptors (44.9%) and M(2)-receptor (37.5%) in patients with type 2 diabetes with refractory hypertension were significantly higher than those in patients with type 2 diabetes without refractory hypertension (27.9% and 24.3%, respectively, all P < 0.05), in patients with hypertension without renal failure (11.7% and 15.0%, all P < 0.01) and in healthy controls (8.3% and 7.5%, all P < 0.01). In type 2 diabetes patients with refractory hypertension and renal failure (UAER > or = 200 microg/min), the positive rates of the autoantibodies against beta(1)-receptor (87.1%, 27/31) and against M(2)-receptor (67.7%, 21/31) were significantly higher than those in type 2 diabetes patients with refractory hypertension but without renal failure (UAER 20 - 199 microg /min, 46.7%, 28/60 and 41.7%, 25/60, respectively, all P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The serum beta(1)- and M (2)-receptor autoantibodies are positively associated with the UAER level and suggest that these autoantibodies against beta(1) and M(2)-receptor may play important roles in the pathogenesis of the type 2 diabetes with refractory hypertension.</p>

Construction and characterization of a recombinant fowlpox virus co-expressing F, HN genes of Newcastle disease virus and gB gene of infectious laryngnotracheitis virus / 生物工程学报

The Fusion (F) and Haemagglutinin-Neuraminidase (HN) genes of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and the glycoprotein B (gB) gene of infectious laryngothracheitis virus (ILTV) as well as a LacZ reporter gene were all inserted into a nonessential gene of fowlpox virus (FPV) 017 strain by homologous recombination. The NDV and ILTV genes were each under the control of a fowlpox virus immediate early/late promoter (LP2EP2) while the LacZ reporter gene expression cassette was regulated by a P11 late promoter. A recombinant FPV harboring the F, HN and gB genes as well as the LacZ gene, designated as rFPV-F/HN/gB/LacZ, was obtained after ten cycles of blue plaque purification. The presence of the NDV and ILTV genes was confirmed by PCR. The expression of the recombinant proteins in rFPV-F/HN/gB/LacZ were characterized by Western blot (F and gB proteins) and indirect immunofluorescence test (F, HN and gB proteins). The results demonstrated that all four foreign proteins, which were encoded within a 10 kb gene fragment, could be expressed authentically and efficiently. Compared to the parental virus, rFPV-F/HN/gB/LacZ showed no obvious difference with respect to virus replication and cytopathogenic effects in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) cell culture. Overall, our work suggests that FPV can be a useful live virus vector for the expression of multi- foreign genes against multiple avian pathogens.

Changes in plasma concentrations of osteoprotegerin before and after levothyroxine replacement therapy in hypothyroid patients.

CONTEXT: Recent study has shown that overt hypothyroidism (oHT) is associated with increased plasma osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to examine the plasma OPG level alteration before and after levothyroxine (L-T4) treatment in oHT and subclinical hypothyroidism (sHT). PATIENTS: The study subjects included oHT and sHT patients and healthy individuals (20 subjects in each group). METHODS: All patients were given L-T4 therapy to maintain a euthyroid state. Plasma OPG concentration was measured in duplicate by a sandwich ELISA. RESULTS: Plasma OPG levels in oHT and sHT before treatment were significantly higher than levels in controls (P < 0.01). After normalization of thyroid function, OPG levels in both groups decreased markedly (P < 0.01). The absolute changes in OPG showed a significant positive correlation with the changes in TSH (P < 0.05) and negative correlation with the changes in endothelium-dependent arterial dilation (P < 0.01) in hypothyroid patients during the course of treatment. CONCLUSION: OPG may be involved in the development of vascular dysfunction in hypothyroid patients.

Association of T-786C polymorphisms of eNOS gene with diabetic nephropathy / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

PCR/ASO probes were applied to analyse the T-786C polymorphisms in 5′-flanking region of endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS)gene in type 2 diabetic patients with or without nephropatby and healthy individuals.The results showed that the T-786C polymorphisms of eNOS gene seemed to be related to diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes.

Relationship between plasma osteoprotegerin and endothelium-dependent arterial dilation in type 2 diabetic patients / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To research the relationship between plasma osteoprotegerin (OPG) level and endothelium-dependent arterial dilation (EDAD) in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods The subjects included 40 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and 46 healthy subjects.Insulin therapy were then given to all diabetic patients for 6 months.Plasma OPG was measured by a sandwich ELISA method,and brachial artery diameter was determined by high resolution ultrasound at rest after reactive hyperemia and after sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (GTN).Results Plasma OPG level in diabetic patients before treatment was (3.44?0.52) ng/L,which was significantly higher than that in control (2.38?0.25 ) ng/L (P