Risk of silent myocardial ischemia detected by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) among asymptomatic Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.

To explore the prevalence and risk factors of silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) detected by using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in Chinese asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).In this hospital-based retrospective study, 821 T2D patients who were screened for SMI detected by stress myocardial perfusion imaging using SPECT between June 2014 and July 2016 were investigated. Clinical indicators were compared between the patients with SMI and controls without SMI. Risk factors for SMI were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis.In this study, there were 131 patients with SMI in asymptomatic diabetes and the prevalence of SMI was 21.3% of 614 individuals. Logistic regression analysis indicated that diabetic retinopathy (OR = 1.474, 95%CI: 1.113-1.951, P = .007), male gender (OR = 1.805, 95%CI: 1.183-2.747, P = .006), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (OR = 1.298, 95%CI: 1.042-1.615, P = .02) were risk factors associated with SMI. Besides, the prevalence of SMI increased in associated with the progression of retinopathy (P = .041). The percentage of SMI diagnosed in patients with no diabetic retinopathy (NDR), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) were 18.5% (75/405), 25.2% (37/147), and 30.6% (19/62), respectively. The percentage of SMI in male (24.5%, 85/347) was higher than that in female (17.2%, 46/267), P = .029.Physicians should be aware of these conditions when examining male patients with type 2 diabetes, especially with DR and/or high level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol), even if otherwise asymptomatic. A routine screening for SMI may thus be considered advisable in these patients.

Expression and significance of Shh and Wnt5a genes in Cornelia de Lange syndrome / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the expression of Shh and Wnt5a genes in the limb buds of NIPBL fetal rats and the association of these two genes with Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS).@*METHODS@#A total of 72 NIPBL fetal rats were divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 36 rats in each group. The limb buds were collected from 12 fetal rats each on embryonic days 10, 11 and 12 (E10, E11 and E12) respectively. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to measure the mRNA and protein expression of Shh and Wnt5a.@*RESULTS@#The mRNA and protein expression of Shh and Wnt5a was detected in the limb buds on E10, E11 and E12, and the experimental group had significantly lower expression than the control group (P<0.01). The mRNA and protein expression of Shh and Wnt5a in limb buds was at a low level on E10, followed by an increase on E11 and a reduction on E12, and the expression on E12 was still lower than that on E10 (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The mRNA and protein expression of Shh and Wnt5a are consistent. The pathogenesis of CdLS may be associated with the low mRNA and protein expression of Shh and Wnt5a inhibited by the low expression of NIPBL gene.

The receptor-dependent and non-receptor-dependent mechanism of melatonin activated BK channels in middle cerebral artery myocyte / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the mechanisms through which myocyte large-conductance Ca-activated K (BK) channels mediate the vasodilation effects of melatonin on cerebral arteries (CAs).@*METHODS@#Middle cerebral arteries (MCA) were obtained from 8-week-old male Wistar rats after anaesthetized. Middle cerebral arterial smooth muscle cells were enzymatically isolated. Whole cell recording mode of patch clamp technique was used to measure the current density of BK channel and voltage-gated potassium (K) channel before and after adding melatonin. Currents density of melatonin on BK channels with melatonin receptor inhibitor 2-phenyl-N-acetyl (luzindole) was recorded using whole cell recording mode and open probability (Po) was recorded using single-channel attached recording mode. The conductance (G) and average open time (To) and off time (Tc) of the BK channel were detected before and after the addition of melatonin in the internal-outward mode.@*RESULTS@#① Melatonin markedly increased the whole-cell BK channel current density but not the voltage-gated potassium (K) channel current density. ② Luzindole (1 μmol/L) greatly suppressed melatonin-induced increase of BK channel current density. ③ The Po of BK channel was significantly increased by melatonin (100 μmol/L) under cell attached recording mode, which was markedly inhibited by luzindole (1 μmol/L). ④ In inside-outside recording mode, melatonin (1 μmol/L, 100 μmol/L) reduced both To and Tc of BK channel, and Tc was reduced much more than To.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Melatonin mediates vasodilation of MCA through the activation of BK channels both melatonin receptor dependent and independent mode.

Fabrication and accuracy research on 3D printing dental model based on cone beam computed tomography digital modeling / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study is to build a digital dental model with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), to fabricate a virtual model via 3D printing, and to determine the accuracy of 3D printing dental model by comparing the result with a traditional dental cast.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CBCT of orthodontic patients was obtained to build a digital dental model by using Mimics 10.01 and Geomagic studio software. The 3D virtual models were fabricated via fused deposition modeling technique (FDM). The 3D virtual models were compared with the traditional cast models by using a Vernier caliper. The measurements used for comparison included the width of each tooth, the length and width of the maxillary and mandibular arches, and the length of the posterior dental crest.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>3D printing models had higher accuracy compared with the traditional cast models. The results of the paired t-test of all data showed that no statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Dental digital models built with CBCT realize the digital storage of patients' dental condition. The virtual dental model fabricated via 3D printing avoids traditional impression and simplifies the clinical examination process. The 3D printing dental models produced via FDM show a high degree of accuracy. Thus, these models are appropriate for clinical practice.</p>

Association between high-mobility group box 1 and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the association between serum level of high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1) and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 35 infants with NRDS and 35 normal neonates (control group) were enrolled. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected with 12-24 hours after birth. ELISA was used to measure the serum level of HMGB1.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The infants with mild and severe NRDS had a significantly higher serum level of HMGB1 than the control group (P<0.05). The infants with severe NRDS had a significantly higher serum level of HMGB1 than those with mild NRDS (P<0.05). The infants with NRDS who died had a significantly higher serum level of HMGB1 than those who survived (P<0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the optimal cut-off value for serum level of HMGB1 to predict NRDS was 625.3 pg/mL with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.846 (95%CI: 0.755-0.936), and the optimal cut-off value for serum level of HMGB1 to predict the death of infants with NRDS was 772.2 pg/mL with an AUC of 0.916 (95%CI: 0.813-1.000).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Infants with NRDS have a significant increase in the serum level of HMGB1, and the serum level of HMGB1 can well predict the development and prognosis of NRDS.</p>

Diagnostic values of urinary netrin-1 and kidney injury molecule-1 for acute kidney injury induced by neonatal asphyxia / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the values of urinary netrin-1 and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by neonatal asphyxia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 80 full-term neonates with asphyxia were enrolled (mild asphyxia: 34 neonates; severe asphyxia: 46 neonates). Forty normal full-term neonates were selected as the control group. Urinary samples were collected from the neonates in the three groups within 12 hours and 13-48 hours after birth. ELISA was applied to measure urinary levels of netrin-1 and KIM-1. Peripheral venous blood samples were also collected to measure serum creatinine (Scr) level.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the asphyxia group had significantly higher urinary levels of netrin-1 and KIM-1 within 48 hours after birth and a significantly higher Scr level within 13-48 hours after birth (P<0.05). The neonates in the AKI group had significantly higher urinary levels of netrin-1 and KIM-1 and Scr level within 48 hours after birth than those in the non-AKI group (P<0.05). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for urinary netrin-1 and KIM-1 levels within 12 hours after birth to predict AKI after asphyxia were 0.878 (95% CI: 0.775-0.981; P<0.01) and 0.899 (95% CI: 0.829-0.969; P<0.01), respectively. Any two indicators of urinary netrin-1 level, urinary KIM-1 level, and Scr level within 12 hours after neonatal asphyxia had a positive correlation (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Urinary netrin-1 and KIM-1 levels increase significantly when neonates with asphyxia develop AKI. Urinary netrin-1 and KIM-1 can be used as indicators for the early diagnosis of AKI after asphyxia.</p>