[Henry Beecher and medical science: the 50th anniversary of a famous article]. / Henry Beecher en de medische wetenschap.

In 2016, it had been exactly half a century ago that Henry Beecher published his article 'Ethics and clinical research' in The New England Journal of Medicine. Today, this article is considered a turning point in the history of medical research ethics. On the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of this famous article, we are looking back on this turbulent period in the history of medicine.

[Free choice of doctor: patient's right or doctor's power?]. / Vrije artsenkeuze: recht of macht?

This article outlines the historical development of the principle of patients' free choice of doctor in the Netherlands. Far from being the result of debates on patients' rights, this principle was used instead as an instrument by the medical profession to gain a foothold in the power relations between doctors and sickness funds back in the early 20th-century. This development created a medical power bloc that lasted for most of that century and forced sickness funds and private insurers to start organizing in this fashion too. Therefore, when the new market ideology of introducing competition in health care was introduced in 1987, the fields of health provision and insurance were already defined by a high degree of cartelization. These relations lingered even after the introduction of regulated competition in 2006. Knowledge of this history therefore leads to a better understanding of current debates and problems in the organization of Dutch health care.