Development and Validation of a Chinese Version of a School-to-Work Transition Anxiety Scale for Healthcare Students.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper was to develop an appropriate scale measuring healthcare students' anxiety during the transition from school to work. METHODS: After an extensive literature review and panel discussion to prove the face validity and content validity, the initial item pool was reduced to 52 items. In a pilot study, a sample of four hundred and twenty-four healthcare students participated, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used. Psychometric properties-construct validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, goodness of fit, and reliabilities-were also analyzed. RESULTS: After the use of EFA, the 52 items were reduced to 31 items in four factors, with 66.70% of the total variance explained. The Cronbach's alpha values ranged between 0.91 and 0.93. The study also used CFA to validate the EFA model, and the results demonstrated that with the same thirty-one items in a 7-point Likert scale, the model was a better fit in four factors: "inexperience in professional knowledge and skills" (nine items; factor loadings: 0.642-0.867; 43.72% of the variance explained), "fear of death" (eight items; factor loadings: 0.745-0.831; 9.94% of the variance explained), "fear of being infected" (eight items; factor loadings: 0.678-0.866; 7.86% of the variance explained), and "interpersonal interactions" (six items; factor loadings: 0.704-0.913; 5.18% of the variance explained). The CFA model demonstrated a good model fit in the χ2/df ratio (1.17; p = 0.016), CFI (0.99), TFI (0.99), and RMSEA (0.02). The composite reliabilities ranged from 0.89 to 0.92, confirming the StWTA-HS scale's stability and internal consistency. The convergent validity and discriminant validity were also confirmed. The StWTA-HS scale has been proven to be a stable scale to measure healthcare students' school-to-work transition anxiety.

Clinical Manifestations and Effects of In-Hospital Resuscitative Procedures in Patients with Traumatic Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest from Three Hospitals in Southern Taiwan.

BACKGROUND: The prognosis of patients with traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (TOHCA) is poor. Few studies have evaluated whether the commonly conducted in-hospital resuscitative interventions have beneficial effects on the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival rate in patients with TOHCA. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective study to reveal the clinical manifestations of patients with TOHCA in Southern Taiwan and evaluate the effectiveness of variouscommon in-hospital interventions in these patients. METHODS: This retrospective chart review of patients with TOHCA was conducted in three hospitals in Southern Taiwan between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2016, to demonstrate the characteristics of patients with TOHCA and compare the differences in in-hospital interventions before ROSC between ROSC and non-ROSC groups. RESULTS: In total, 272 patients with TOHCA were reviewed; their average age was 50.7 years, and men constituted the predominant sex (73.2%). Moreover, 91 patients (33.5%) experienced at least transient ROSC, 40 patients (14.7%) were admitted to hospitals, and 4 patients (1.5%) survived to hospital discharge. The ROSC and non-ROSC groups did not differ in in-hospital interventions, including chest tube and central venous catheter insertions, defibrillation, and pressor infusion. However, the non-ROSC group had a higher rate of transfusion than the ROSC group (17.7% vs. 6.6%, p = 0.015). CONCLUSION: The outcomes of patients with TOHCA in Southern Taiwan remained dismal. None of the in-hospital interventions, including blood transfusion, chest tube and central venous catheter insertions, defibrillation, and pressor infusion, were determined to be beneficial for patients with TOHCA. We suggest that these in-hospital interventions should not be routinely performed in every patient with TOHCA.