Anaerobic co-digestion of winery waste: comparative assessment of grape marc waste and lees derived from organic crops.

Grapes are one the world's leading fruit crops, with close to 77 million tonnes harvested per year. Grapes are commonly used to produce wine; a process which generates different wastes such as grape mark waste (skins, seeds and stalks), lees and other residues. This study evaluates the treatment of winery waste derived from ecological cultivation by anaerobic digestion to produce energy in the form of methane. Grape marc waste, Verdejo and Pedro Ximenez (PX) wine lees were digested under stable conditions at mesophilic conditions. The PX lees showed the highest methane yield production (433 LSTP CH4/kg VS) with a maximum OLR of 4.58 kg VS/m3·d. In the evaluated range the process was stable with a range of biodegradability of 51-79%. Due to different types of winery waste are generated at consecutive stages of the main production process, the sequential treatment of PX lees, Verdejo lees and grape marc waste in the same anaerobic digester could be an interesting option. This procedure would facilitate the management of the residual streams generated in wineries during the year and promotes the circular economy in the Montilla-Moriles Protected Designation of Origin.

[Felty's syndrome without splenomegaly. A case report (author's transl)]. / Síndrome de Felty sin esplenomegalia. Estudio de un paciente.

A 63 year-old female patient with rheumatoid arthritis and positive rheumatoid serology presented persistent neutropenia without spleen enlargement detectable by either physical or isotopic means. A pattern identical to that described for classical Felty's syndrome was found on determination of the IgG bound to granulocytes by inhibition of the hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes previously incubated with human IgG. Inhibition of hemolysis in the patient was 94 %, 63 %, and 32 % (according to the concentration of granulocytes per mm3), while in the healthy control it was 37.5 %, 30 %, and 0 %, respectively. In spite of the absence of spleen enlargement, the patient was diagnosed as suffering from Felty's syndrome without splenomegaly. The diagnostic and follow-up value of the measurement of IgG bound to granulocytes is emphasized.