Immune response and safety of co-administered peste des petits ruminants, contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, sheep and goat pox, and Pasteurellosis vaccines in goats.

Background: Infectious diseases such as peste des petits ruminants (PPRs), contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), sheep and goat pox (SGPX), and pasteurellosis have considerable impacts on the optimal utilization of sheep and goat resources in Ethiopia. Immunization using multiple vaccines administered simultaneously has been suggested as a cost-effective and safe approach to controlling and preventing these diseases. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the immunogenicity and safety of multiple vaccines administered simultaneously in goats. Methods: Sero-negative PPR, CCPP, SGPX, and Pasteurellosis goats were immunized with multiple vaccines. Goats vaccinated with a single vaccine against each disease served as a positive control. The immune response of the goats was assessed using serological tests, and any adverse effects were monitored. Results: The results of the present study showed that goats vaccinated with multiple vaccines exhibited a remarkable immune response against PPR, CCPP, and pasteurellosis. In contrast, they did not produce a protective immune response against sheep or goat pox. No adverse effects were observed with any of the vaccines. Conclusion: This study suggested that combined vaccines can be effective at inducing a protective immune response in goats. However, further research is needed to fully understand the immune response to combined vaccines.

Development of a competitive ELISA based on the LSDV A33 antigen.

Goatpoxvirus (GTPV), sheeppoxvius (SPPV), and the Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is a Capripoxvirus belonging to the family poxviridae. They can cause significant economic losses in countries where this disease are endemic. However, effective and convenient diagnostic tools against sera antibody are not readily available until now. Toward this goal, a polyclonal antibody competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) of detecting serogroup-specific antibody is established based on major LSDV antigen A33. Serum samples (n = 605) were collected to optimize the c-ELISA from different areas. The cut-off value for the c-ELISA was estimate using percent inhibition (PI) values. The diagnostic performance of test including sensitivity (sn) and specificity (sp) were obtained by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis. Among these analysis, > 57.61% PI value was accepted as cut-off of the c-ELISA, the diagnostic sn an diagnostic sp were reached to 96.4% and 98.5%, at > 95% confidence interval. These results show that the developed competitive ELISA is sensitive, specific, and reliable, which make it appropriate for serological investigation.

Evaluation of antibody responses against the whole virions of goatpox and sheeppox viruses after subcutaneous immunization of rabbits.

Antibody development is the integral process of generating and characterizing an antibody. It commences by inoculating the antigen of interest into laboratory animals, allowing the immune system develops large quantities of antibodies. This was aimed at developing antibodies against the virion of Goatpox and Sheeppox virus vaccines. The ability of Goatpox and Sheeppox vaccines was assessed. Regarding this study, the antibody titers against both Goatpox and Sheeppox viruses was increased in the same manner. The amount of IgG was determined to be 2.29 µg/µl and 2.18 µg/µl against virions of Goatpox virus and Sheeppox respectively. The purified IgG was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Different bands of the purified antibodies were clearly visualized, and the molecular weight of IgG was estimated to be 67 kDa and 25 kDa. Additionally, antigen/antibody binding was confirmed by Western blot using GTPV A27 antigen. No significant differences in antibody titers were observed between the two groups (p < 0, 05).