RESUMO
A Computed Tomography Urography (CTU) scan is a medical imaging test that examines the urinary tract, including the bladder, kidneys, and ureters. It helps diagnose various urinary tract diseases with precision. However, patients undergoing CTU imaging receive a relatively high dose of radiation, which can be a concern. In our research paper, we analyzed the Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDIvol) and Dose-Length Product (DLP) for 203 adult patients who underwent CTU at one of the most important regional centers in Bosnia and Herzegovina that sees a large number of patients. Our study included the distribution of age and sex, the number of phases within one examination, and different clinical indications. We compared our findings with the results available in the scientific literature, particularly the recently published results from 20 European countries. Furthermore, we established the local diagnostic reference levels (LDRLs) that can help set the national diagnostic reference levels (NDRLs). We believe our research is a significant step towards optimizing the protocols used in different hospitals in our country.
RESUMO
Aim Examination of the effectiveness of STR loci in proving sibship of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian village of Orahovica and the formation of a "grey zone". Methods The probability of sibship was determined by calculating the likelihood ratio (LR) parameter for each of the 15 observed STR loci and for each of the pairs of relatives and non-relatives. Cumulative sibship index (CSI) was calculated for each of the pairs by multiplying the LR values of all 15 loci and obtained values are used as CSI limit for separating relatives from non-relatives. By creating a grey zone for local populations, an attempt was made to obtain a line of demarcation between siblings and non-siblings. Results An analysis of the origin of the respondents' relatives was performed, up to the level of sibship in the third generation. The results of the CSI for pairs of relatives from the village of Orahovica showed that the highest CSI value, and therefore the sibship probability was recorded among relatives from the village of Orahovica (CSI=534211727.203;SP=99.999999812%). On the contrary, incredibly low CSI value was recorded among non-relatives,ranging from CSI=0.0000001 to 0.5261434 (SP=0.000009999% to 34.475357951%). Conclusion For the threshold value CSI=1 and for CSI=3, this method determined sibship in 100% of pairs of relatives and the absence of biological sibship in 100% of pairs of non-relatives in the village of Orahovica. The STR system is proved to be a successful method in determining sibship or absence of sibship in small local populations.
RESUMO
Aim To determine differences in quantitative traits of digital dermatoglyphics between breast cancer women and the women in the control group (healthy women). Methods This case-control study included digital dermatoglyphics of 50 patients with confirmed breast cancer diagnosis compared with 50 healthy examinees with the absence of familial history of any type of cancer. Collecting samples was performed among Bosnian-Herzegovinian population by Printake method. The comparison of the mean values between the examined groups was made by the Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results The results showed that, with regards to the pattern intensity, no statistically significant difference was detected between the two examined groups (p>0.05).The absence of any significant difference in the number of papillary ridges on an individual finger between the breast cancer patients and the control group was found (p>0.05), although the total number of papillary ridges on all ten fingers had somewhat lower values in the examined group. Conclusion This research confirms the existence of genetic predisposition for breast cancer development, emphasizing the relevance of hereditary factors in the ethiopathogenesis of this disease. The quantitative traits of digital dermatoglyphics were not a reliable and predictive tool for detecting a potential risk for breast cancer in small populations.
