RESUMO
ENA-actimineral resource A (ENA-A) is an alkaline mineral water and has a few biological activities such as antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of ENA-A on lifespan in mice using senescence marker protein-30 knockout mice. The present study had groups of 18-week-old mice (n = 24), 26-week-old mice (n = 12), and 46-week-old mice (n = 20). Each differently aged mice group was divided into three subgroups: a control group, a 5 % ENA-A-treated group, and a 10 % ENA-A-treated group. Mice in the 18-week-old group were treated with vitamin C drinking water 1.5 g/L. However, the mice in the 26-week-old and 46-week-old groups were not treated with vitamin C. The experiments were done for 18 weeks. All vitamin C-treated mice were alive at week 18 (100% survival rate). In the non-vitamin C group, the 10% ENA-A-treated mice were alive at week 18. The control and 5% ENA-A-treated mice died by week 15. As expected, vitamin C was not detected in the non-vitamin C-treated group. However, vitamin C levels were increased in an ENA-A dose-dependent manner in the vitamin C-treated group. In the TUNEL assay, a number of positive hepatocytes significantly decreased in an ENA-A dose-dependent manner. Periodic acid Schiff positive hepatocytes were significantly increased in an ENA-A dose-dependent manner. In addition, the expression level of CuZnSOD was increased by the ENA-A treatment. These data suggest that the intake of ENA-A has a critical role in the anti-aging mechanism and could be applied toward the lifespans of humans.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio/deficiência , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/deficiência , Longevidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Minerais/farmacologia , Preparações de Plantas/farmacologia , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Ascórbico/sangue , Deficiência de Ácido Ascórbico/enzimologia , Deficiência de Ácido Ascórbico/patologia , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Osso e Ossos/efeitos dos fármacos , Osso e Ossos/patologia , Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio/metabolismo , Glicogênio/metabolismo , Hepatócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatócitos/patologia , Immunoblotting , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/patologia , Camundongos Knockout , Coloração e Rotulagem , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
ENA Actimineral Resource A (ENA-A) is alkaline water that is composed of refined edible cuttlefish bone and two different species of seaweed, Phymatolithon calcareum and Lithothamnion corallioides. In the present study, ENA-A was investigated as an antioxidant to protect against CCl(4)-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in rats. Liver injury was induced by either subacute or chronic CCl(4) administration, and the rats had free access to tap water mixed with 0% (control group) or 10% (v/v) ENA-A for 5 or 8 weeks. The results of histological examination and measurement of antioxidant activity showed that the reactive oxygen species production, lipid peroxidation, induction of CYP2E1 were decreased and the antioxidant activity, including glutathione and catalase production, was increased in the ENA-A groups as compared with the control group. On 2-DE gel analysis of the proteomes, 13 differentially expressed proteins were obtained in the ENA-A groups as compared with the control group. Antioxidant proteins, including glutathione S-transferase, kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, and peroxiredoxin 1, were increased with hepatocyte nuclear factor 3-beta and serum albumin precursor, and kininogen precursor decreased more in the ENA-A groups than compared to the control group. In conclusion, our results suggest that ENA-A does indeed have some protective capabilities against CCl(4)-induced liver injury through its antioxidant function.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Tetracloreto de Carbono/toxicidade , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/prevenção & controle , Minerais/farmacologia , Preparações de Plantas/farmacologia , Animais , Catalase/metabolismo , Citocromo P-450 CYP2E1/metabolismo , Eletroforese em Gel Bidimensional , Indução Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutationa/metabolismo , Glutationa Transferase/metabolismo , Imuno-Histoquímica , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Espectrometria de Massas , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxirredoxinas/metabolismo , Proteínas/metabolismo , Ratos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ENA Actimineral Resource A (ENA-A), seaweed origin alkaline water, on postmenopausal osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The 12-week old Wistar rats were divided randomly into 4 groups: ovariectomized (OVX), OVX plus 0.5% ENA-A, OVX plus 5% ENA-A and OVX plus 10% ENA-A. A histopathological analysis indicated that ENA-A could prevent OVX-induced bone loss by increasing femur trabecular bone area in a dose-dependent manner. ENA-A significantly (p<0.05) increased serum estradiol levels, decreased serum osteocalcin activity and suppressed serum pyridinoline (PYD) levels. The in vitro effects of ENA-A were also studied using MC3T3-E1 cells. ENA-A significantly stimulated cell proliferation and increased both ALP activity and calcium deposition in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the treatment of ovariectomized rats with ENA-A not only prevents bone resorption but also appears to maintain the cancellous bone structure of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
