Endoscopic modified Lothrop approach for the excision of bilateral frontal sinus tumors.

We describe the use of an endoscopic modified Lothrop approach for clearance of an extensive sinonasal-type hemangiopericytoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses with bilateral frontal sinus involvement in a 44-year-old woman. The modified Lothrop approach is conventionally used to treat sinusitis, but with some slight modifications to the technique, it can also be used for tumor excision.

Retropharyngeal lipoma with parapharyngeal extension: is transoral excision possible?

Retropharyngeal lipomas are rare tumours that are usually asymptomatic until they reach a large size. The definitive treatment is surgical excision. Since the tumours are typically large at the time of presentation, extensive surgery for complete clearance of the lipoma from the retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal regions is to be expected. Transoral excision is typically indicated for small retropharyngeal tumours, as this approach does not give good access to the parapharyngeal area laterally. Herein, we present the case of a patient who underwent transoral excision of a huge retropharyngeal lipoma, which extended into the right parapharyngeal space. The surgical technique used and the insights gained are described in this report. Even with parapharyngeal extension, transoral resection of a huge retropharyngeal lipoma can be performed. More invasive surgery, which may involve a neck incision, mandibulotomy or pharyngotomy, is not necessary. While huge retropharyngeal lipomas are usually symptomatic and require surgical intervention, transoral resection can be adequate and safe for treatment.

Intratonsillar abscess: a rare cause for a common clinical presentation.

Intratonsillar abscess is a rare clinical condition in patients who present with odynophagia. We report the case of a 33-year-old man who presented with odynophagia, unilateral tonsillar enlargement with palatal fullness, and deviation of the uvula. Failed attempts at drainage of a presumptive peritonsillar abscess and a worsening of signs and symptoms led to a clinical suspicion of a parapharyngeal abscess. Computed tomography of the neck detected a 2.6 x 2.3-cm intratonsillar abscess. The abscess was drained, and the patient's signs and symptoms resolved. Our review of the current English-language literature revealed that only 8 such cases have been previously reported. We report this new case to increase awareness of this condition, to demonstrate the diagnostic difficulty in such cases, and to discuss the pathophysiology of intratonsillar abscess formation.

Extranodal T-cell lymphoma of the sinonasal tract presenting as severe rhinitis: case series.

OBJECTIVES: Systemic diseases such as Wegener granulomatosis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, and sarcoidosis can present initially as severe rhinitis alone. One clinical entity that mimics severe rhinitis and thus poses a particular challenge in this regard is extranodal T-cell lymphoma of the sinonasal tract. Sinonasal lymphoma has a vague initial presentation that masquerades as more common, benign causes of rhinitis but progresses as a "midfacial progressive destructive lesion" and is uniformly fatal if untreated. In the absence of systemic involvement, the precise etiology frequently defies diagnosis. We present a series of illustrative cases to raise awareness of this rare yet lethal disease to help reduce the therapeutic delays that are currently encountered clinically. METHODS: A retrospective case series of four patients was reviewed. Each patient presented initially with severe rhinitis but was later diagnosed with extranodal natural killer/T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the sinonasal tract. RESULTS: The predominant presenting symptoms were unilateral nasal obstruction (four patients), rhinitis (three patients), and facial pain (two patients). Only one patient reported systemic B symptoms. Initial management of all four patients included repeated biopsies revealing nonspecific inflammation, which resulted in extensive therapeutic delays (mean time until diagnosis 21.5 months). The primary outcomes were two deaths and two complete remissions. CONCLUSION: The challenge in making an early diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma of the sinonasal tract has been reaffirmed in our case series. We emphasize that diagnosis requires a high index of clinical suspicion in combination with multiple deep and appropriately processed biopsies that are submitted for immunohistochemistry and molecular studies.

Endoscopically assisted strabismus surgery.

BACKGROUND: Strabismus surgery involving open exploration of the posterior orbit is difficult. Exploration is sometimes avoided by considering alternative procedures (transposition and weakening other muscles). Although the use of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) to retrieve medial rectus (MR) muscles lost in the posterior orbit has been described, the use of an endoscopic approach to the posterior orbit in elective strabismus surgery has never been reported. METHODS: A patient with thyroid orbitopathy had severe bilateral restrictive strabismus with bilateral esohypotropia, rendering him functionally blind. The MR was inaccessible via the anterior approach. We describe a transnasal endoscopic approach to the posterior orbit where the MR was identified, sectioned, and reattached to the globe. We also describe two other patients who had endoscopic posterior orbit exploration after ESS-related MR injury. RESULTS: In patient 1, repositioning of the medial rectus muscles facilitated follow-up conventional strabismus surgery and dramatically improved ocular alignment. In patient 2, the medial rectus muscle was severely disrupted. A temporary traction suture was placed endoscapically. Follow-up transposition strabimus resulted in satisfactory alignment. In patient 3, endoscopic exploration and freeing of adhesions was done in anticipation of follow-up strabismus surgery. CONCLUSION: These cases illustrate the expanding frontiers of ESS. The endoscopic approach to the posterior orbit allows enhanced posterior orbit access in elective strabismus surgery and posttraumatic exploration of the MR.

Streptococcus viridans has a leading role in rhinosinusitis complications.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine whether the bacteria in complicated rhinosinusitis were the typical acute rhinosinusitis triad of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. We also compared the difference in yield between infection sites and blood cultures. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of all patients who had required surgical intervention for rhinosinusitis complications over 7 years at a tertiary care pediatric hospital. RESULTS: There were a total of 28 patients during the review period. Twenty-five organisms were isolated from 21 patients, of which Streptococcus viridans formed 44% of the isolates (11 of the 25). The typical triad of bacteria only formed 20% of the isolates (5 of the 25), and none of these bacteria were found in the group with intracranial complications. Infection site cultures had a superior yield compared to blood cultures (p < .001). Ninety-six percent of the bacteria were sensitive to a combination of amoxicillin-clavulanate and cloxacillin. CONCLUSIONS: In distinction to the typical bacteria of acute rhinosinusitis, S. viridans is the leading cause of rhinosinusitis complications. It is not merely a commensal organism of the upper respiratory tract.