Association between tissue characteristics assessed with optical coherence tomography and mid-term results after percutaneous coronary intervention for in-stent restenosis lesions: a comparison between balloon angioplasty, paclitaxel-coated balloon dilatation, and drug-eluting stent implantation.

AIMS: Morphological assessment of neointimal tissue using optical coherence tomography (OCT) is important for clarifying the pathophysiology of in-stent restenosis (ISR) lesions. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of OCT findings on recurrence of ISR after various types of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) including plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA), paclitaxel-coated balloon (PCB) dilatation, and drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Between June 2008 and August 2013, we performed PCI for 428 ISR lesions in 379 patients using POBA (78 lesions, POBA group), PCB dilatation (202 lesions, PCB group), and DES implantation (148 lesions, DES group). Morphological assessment of neointimal tissue at the minimum lumen area site to determine restenotic tissue structure (homogeneous, heterogeneous, or layered type) using OCT was performed. We examined the association between tissue structure and midterm results including ISR and target lesion revascularization (TLR) rates. The patients were 308 men and 71 women with a mean age of 68.9 ± 9.4 years. The mean follow-up period was 211 ± 40 days. ISR and TLR rates of lesions with a homogeneous structure were significantly higher in the POBA group than in the PCB group (ISR: 54.8 vs. 19.1%, P < 0.001; TLR: 38.7 vs. 10.6%, P < 0.001) and DES group (ISR: 54.8 vs. 19.6%, P = 0.002; TLR: 38.7 vs. 10.7%, P = 0.005), whereas there were no differences in ISR and TLR rates between the three groups in lesions with a heterogeneous structure. CONCLUSION: Morphological assessment of ISR tissue using OCT might suggest favourable types of PCI for ISR lesions.

Association between tissue characteristics evaluated with optical coherence tomography and mid-term results after paclitaxel-coated balloon dilatation for in-stent restenosis lesions: a comparison with plain old balloon angioplasty.

AIMS: Morphological assessment of neointimal tissue using optical coherence tomography (OCT) is important for clarifying the pathophysiology of in-stent restenosis (ISR) lesions. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of OCT findings on recurrence of ISR after paclitaxel-coated balloon (PCB) dilatation compared with plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA). METHODS AND RESULTS: Between July 2008 and May 2012, we performed percutaneous coronary intervention for 214 ISR lesions using POBA + PCB (146 lesions, PCB group) or POBA only (68 lesions, POBA group). Morphological assessment of neointimal tissue using OCT, including assessment of restenotic tissue structure and restenotic tissue backscatter, was performed. We examined the association between lesion morphologies and mid-term (6-8 months) results including ISR and target lesion revascularization (TLR) rates. Both ISR and TLR rates of lesions with a homogeneous structure were significantly lower in the PCB group than those in the POBA group (ISR: 20.0 vs. 55.6%, P = 0.002, TLR: 12.7 vs. 37.0%, P = 0.019), but there was no difference between the two groups in ISR and TLR rates of lesions with a heterogeneous or layered structure. Both ISR and TLR rates of lesions with high backscatter were significantly lower in the PCB group than those in the POBA group (ISR: 19.8 vs. 52.5%, P < 0.001, TLR: 13.6 vs. 42.5%, P = 0.001), but there was no difference between the two groups in ISR and TLR rates of lesions with low backscatter. CONCLUSION: Morphological assessment of ISR tissue using OCT might be useful for identifying ISR lesions favourable for PCB dilatation.