Ultrasonographic findings in eyes with retinopathy of prematurity in malaysia.

RetCam is an excellent screening tool for the detection of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). However, affordability is a barrier when adopting the use of RetCam in developing countries. We aimed to describe different stages of ROP using ultrasonographic B-scan and to evaluate the association between funduscopic examinations and ultrasonographic B-scan findings in premature neonates with ROP in Malaysia. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in 90 eyes of 47 premature neonates with different stages of ROP in three tertiary hospitals in Malaysia. Experienced ophthalmologists performed detailed funduscopic examinations using binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy (BIO). A masked examiner performed a 10 MHz ultrasonographic B-scan evaluation with 12 meridian position images within 48 hours of clinical diagnosis. Data from the clinical examination and ultrasonographic findings were collected and analysed. We recruited 37 eyes (41.1%) with stage 1 ROP, 29 eyes (32.3%) with stage 2, 18 eyes (20.0%) with stage 3, and 3 eyes (3.3%) with stages 4 and 5 based on the clinical assessment. Ultrasonography correctly identified 3 (8.1%) stage 1 eyes, 17 (58.6%) stage 2 eyes, 13 (72.2%) stage 3 eyes, and 3 each (100%) of the stage 4 and 5 eyes. There was a significant association between the funduscopic signs and the ultrasound findings for stage 2 ROP and above (Fisher's exact test, p <0.001). In conclusion, all stages of ROP were detected and described with a 10 MHz ultrasonic B-scan system. A significant association was observed between funduscopic signs and ultrasonographic findings in premature Malaysian neonates with stage 2 ROP and above.

Isolated Optic Neuritis Secondary to Presumed Tuberculosis In An Immunocompetent Child

Isolated optic neuritis as a presenting sign of tuberculosis in children is uncommon. We report a case of an immunocompetent child who displayed features of bilateral optic neuritis secondary to presumed tuberculosis. It is essential to highlight this alarming presentation in a child, as the presence of tuberculosis has re-emerged as a serious public health problem especially in developing countries.

Bovine bone xenograft as orbital implants in rabbit eyes / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

·AIM: To assess the biocompatibility of bovine bone as orbital implants in rabbits.·METHODS: Bovine bone graft was used as an ocular implant in rabbits to determine whether it could be successfully used in the anophthalmic socket as an alternative to the expensive synthetic alloplastics. Evisceration of eyes with and without bovine bone orbital implantation was performed in the right eyes of 12 New Zealand white rabbits.Group Y (n =6) was eviscerated without implant, meanwhile Group X (n =6) was eviscerated with insertion of an orbital implant using bovine bone. Observation was carried out on day 1, day 7, day 14, day 28 and day 42. Serial clinical examination was carried out based on a few fixed criteria,which included rate of infection, implant migration, evidence of wound breakdown and any restriction of intraocular movements. The implanted eyes were then enucleated on day 42. The enucleated eyes were sent for histopathological evaluation to record the type of inflammatory reaction and rate of fibrovascular ingrowth.·RESULTS: Serial clinical examination showed presence of minimal infection in all eyes, both in Group X implanted) and Group Y (control) on first postoperative day, which responded well with antibiotics. Infection occurred in the implanted group after first postoperative day, but there was no evidence of orbital migration or extrusion of implant, wound breakdown, restriction of extraocular movement, severe infection or any physical abnormality. Histopathological examination revealed good fibrovascular ingrowth in the implanted group, with minimal rejecting reaction of rabbit eye towards bovine bone implant.·CONCLUSION: This study shows that bovine orbital implant has a good biocompatibility in rabbit eyes and its cost is acceptable.