[Structural and functional features of the ovaries as a risk factor for ovarian cancer in infertile women]. / Strukturno-funktsional'nye osobennosti iaichnikov kak faktor riska raka iaichnikov u zhenshchin s besplodiem.

In examining 502 female patients with cancer of the ovaries (OC) infertility was identified in 21.9 percent of cases. The prevalent form of infertility was tubal infertility (92.7%), there were but a few instances of the endocrine form (1.8%). The infertile women were studied for their hormonal and receptorial status (receptors of estradiol and progesterone). It has been established that women with the endocrine variant of infertility present with more prominent hormonal inadequacies in the hypophysis-ovaries system and manifest changes in the receptorial status of the ovaries than those with tubal infertility; the findings in the latter have not been shown to be different from controls. In endocrine infertility OC is in fact not encountered, which fact can be related to morphological features of the ovaries giving origin to endocrine disturbances, and to a decline in the receptorial status and absence of ovulation.

[Enhancement of efficiency in the chemotherapy of ovarian cancer]. / Puti povysheniia éffektivnosti khimioterapii raka iaichnikov.

As many as 308 patients with stage IV ovarian carcinoma (OC) were examined to assess effectiveness of employing platinum drugs (CP and CAP)-based chemotherapy regimens depending on the degree of differentiation of tumor cells, on the extent to which the process has been disseminated, and on the cytostatics regimens adopted. Standard chemotherapy regimens permitting maintaining the standard "intensity" of the cytostatic dose have been shown to improve OC treatment results, especially in those patients presenting with medium and high-grade (poorly differentiated) tumors. Patients with low-grade tumors derive benefit when placed on the above chemotherapy at 4 weeks intervals whereas those with medium- and high-grade tumors benefit from treatments on a 3-week interval schedule.

[A cytogenetic examination of persons subjected to radiation exposure in certain regions of Ukraine]. / Tsitogeneticheskoe obsledovanie lits, podvergshikhsia radiatsionnomu vozdeistviiu v nekotorykh regionakh Ukrainy.

We have summarized the results of cytogenetic studies of peripheral blood lymphocytes conducted in the institutions of Kiev and Kharkov in persons irradiated after the accident of the Chernobyl NPP. The average level of chromosomal aberrations and the appearance of cytogenetic markers characteristic of their irradiation effect was higher in the examinees in comparison with the control. The increase in the number of aberrations in certain Kiev residents as well as the development of lymphogranulomatosis in some liquidators of the accident were detected. The increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in liquidators of the accident was accompanied by the reduction in the level of reparative DNA synthesis of blood lymphocytes. The necessity to expand cytogenetic examination in persons that participated in the liquidation of the accident on the ChNPP and Kiev inhabitants is discussed.

[Incidence of pulmonary lesions and the role of pulmonary pathology in mortality among cancer patients]. / Chastota porazhenii legkikh i rol' legochnoi patologii v tanatogeneze onkologicheskikh bol'nykh.

The majority of cancer patients (95%) whatever the malignancy location are shown to develop various pathological process in the lungs. 20% of lethal outcomes occur due to acute and protracted croup and focal pneumonias. Such pneumonias are often found after the patients death because of a symptomless and atypical course. These findings dictate a necessity of comprehensive pulmonological studies in cancer patients and administration of detoxication therapy to manage the bronchial obstruction syndrome registered in 39% of cancer patients probably as an early stage of further pulmonary impairment.

[Carcinoembryonic antigen and immunity in breast cancer]. / Rakovoémbrional'nyi antigen i immunitet pri rake molochnoi zhelezy.

Three groups of breast cancer patients were investigated: with a high level of CEA, with a lowered level of CEA, and those in whom CEA was undetectable either before or after therapy. The relationship of the time course of blood CEA, nonspecific body reactivity, and radiotherapeutic efficacy was established. Ineffective radiotherapy resulted in inhibition of phagocytic activity of blood neutrophils and cell stromal reactions at a tumor bed against a decrease in CEA concentration as compared to the basal levels in patients. Effective radiotherapy led to increased CEA levels, phagocytic activity was unihibited and slightly on the decrease. A considerable effect of the a CEA level on the T-system of immunity was unnoticed. In the group with the absence of blood CEA, there was an increase in the phagocytic activity of blood neutrophils and cell stromal reactions in a tumor against a background of a higher ability of lymphocytes to a spontaneous blast transformation reaction and a lesser decrease in the T-lymphocyte count that in the other groups.

[Histological and immuno-morphological characteristics of differentiated cancer of the thyroid gland]. / Gistologicheskie i immunomorfologicheskie kharakteristiki differentiated cancer of the thyroid gland.

Histological and immunomorphological study of the removed tumor and tissue of the thyroid was performed in 80 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Activation of immune reactions and immunocompetent cells was reported at the border with blastomatous process. The latter seems a factor contributing to a favorable run of differentiated thyroid cancer. The capacity of papillary and follicular cancer for multifocal growth limits indications for preserving surgery in such lesions.

[The results of the radiation treatment of cervical cancer using low, sensitizing doses of radiation]. / Rezul'taty luchevogo lecheniia raka sheiki matki s ispol'zovaniem malykh sensibiliziruiushchikh doz radiatsii.

Combined radiation treatment for cervical cancer is associated with radiation injury to the intestine, bladder, hemopoietic system and suppression of T-system, nonspecific immunity and thyroid function. Modified gamma-ray teletherapy was suggested which included low-dose (0.1 Gy) sensitizing irradiation of tumor and zones of regional dissemination prior to delivering therapeutic dose (1.9 Gy). The procedure assured lower incidence of radiation-induced reactions and complications, leukopenia and T-lymphocyte function suppression, stimulated nonspecific resistance and thyrotropic function of the pituitary, and provided normal function of the thyroid. As a result, five-year survival rate in patients with stage III cancer increased by 14%.

[A dynamic cytologic study during the chemotherapy of cancer of the ovaries]. / Dinamicheskoe tsitologicheskoe issledovanie pri khimioterapii raka iachnikov.

Dynamic cytologic examinations of puncture biopsy specimens of ovarian carcinoma and of serous cavity fluid in metastases of the carcinoma over the course of chemotherapy help assess the treatment efficacy and timely correct it. Carcinoma metastases to the pleural and abdominal cavity are more sensitive to chemotherapy than the primary tumor. Chemotherapy efficacy improves if a greater number of courses of therapy are administered.

[Quantitative immunomorphological criteria in the diagnosis of thyroid diseases]. / Kolichestvennye immunomorfologicheskie kriterii diagnostiki zabolevanii shchitovidnoi zhelezy.

Quantitative assessment of the degree of pronouncement of lymphoid infiltration in the micropreparations of the thyroid gland (TG) allows to define the index of lymphoid infiltration according to which autoimmune reactions and autoimmune diseases can be differentiated. Similar reaction of stroma in cancer, nodular and mixed euthyroid, goiter and TG adenoma permits to consider the patients with nodular goiter as a group of risk for the development of cancer.

[The state of immunity and the cyclic nucleotide system in the radiotherapy of breast cancer]. / Sostoianie immuniteta i sistemy tsiklicheskikh nukleotidov pri luchevoi terapii raka molochnoi zhelezy.

Indices of the T-system of immunity were lowered in breast cancer patients. Small fractional radiotherapy resulted in its greater suppression. A tumor revealed low pathomorphosis accompanied by a sharp increase in the levels of cyclic nucleotides. Large fractional radiotherapy caused no changes in the state of the immune system correlating with high radiation pathomorphosis in a tumor and a decrease in a cGMP level.

[Cyclic nucleotides during radiotherapy of breast cancer]. / Tsiklicheskie nukleotidy pri luchevoi terapii raka molochnoi zhelezy.

Levels of cAMP and cGMP were higher in breast cancer tissue as compared with benign tumors. Large-fraction irradiation was followed by a decrease in cGMP concentration matched by a rise in cAMP/cGMP ratio in cases of radiosensitive tumors. Small-fraction treatment did not affect cyclic nucleotide levels. Radiotherapy was followed by a decrease in initially raised blood plasma cyclic nucleotide concentration.

[Thyroid and hypophyseal function during radiation therapy of breast cancer]. / Funktsiia shchitovidnoi zhelezy i gipofiza pri luchevoi terapii raka molochnoi zhelezy.

In breast cancer a decrease in triiodothyronine concentration was revealed with the normal level of thyroxine that may be associated with the disturbed peripheral metabolism into triiodothyronine. The lowering of thyroid functional activity is noted during radiation therapy of patients at menopause. Administration of thyroidin during radiation therapy to elderly patients with the III stage of the disease compensated for hormone deficiency producing a sparing effect on the thyroid, and influenced the therapeutic results favorably. A high level of the somatotropic hormone was observed in patients of the reproductive age and at menopause, the level of insulin was increased in all the patients.

[Effect of sensitizing doses of radiation on hormonal homeostasis in combined radiation treatment of cervical cancer]. / Vliianie sensibiliziruiushchikh doz oblucheniia na gormonal'nyi gomeostaz pri sochetannom luchevom lechenii raka sheiki matki.

Low sensitizing doses given to patients with cervical carcinoma in the course of complex radiation treatment were responsible for a greater decrease in the frequency of radiation injuries to the intestine as compared with standard complex radiation procedure. This was matched by an increase in the incidence of exacerbation of chronic adnexitis. Radiation appeared to inhibit thyroid function. Low sensitizing dose treatment given in the course of complex radiotherapy did not affect the gland's function. However, cases of stage III cancer exhibited a more pronounced decrease in thyrotrophin levels accompanied by higher somatotropin levels.