[To the 20th anniversary of the Chornobyl accident study of vitamin status and provision with micro- and macroelements of limited groups of people at different time periods since the accident at Chornobyl nuclear power plant].

Results of the study of the provision with vitamins and some micro- and macroelements of limited groups of people, who suffered from the accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP), which have been carried out by Ukrainian and Russian scientists during various periods after the accident, are generalized in the paper. Persons which participated in liquidation of the accident and lived during the accident in the territory, adjoining to Pripyat (the Kyiv region, town of Slavutich), people which worked at the object "Shelter" and ChNPP were involved in the inspection. It was noted, that in 1-4 years after the ChNPP accident in blood of liquidators the biochemical parameters displaying security of their organism by vitamins A and B1, remain lower in comparison with the same parameters in a group of relatively healthy persons which were not affected by the accident (control), that testifies to stable metabolic disturbance in the organism of people under irradiation influence. Selective inspection of the vitamin status of ChNPP and object "Shelter" personnel in 1992 has shown, that provision with vitamins C, B1, B2, B6 of the overwhelming majority of these people (67-91%) are much below the norm. Deficiency of vitamins C, B1, B6, folate and selenium is also revealed in an organism of 50-90% of women and children living in Slavutich. Deficit of vitamins in most of persons was characterized by polyhypovitaminoses, that is a combination of several group B vitamins deficiency at simultaneously low provision with selenium, and in a part of women and children--by low amount of iron. The results of long-term complex studies by groups of authors give evidence on importance and urgency of formulation and execution of International program on optimisation of nutrition, micronutrition status and health among population of affected areas in Ukraine, Bielorus' and Russia.

[To 20-years anniversary of Chernobyl catastrophe: an attempt to study the vitamin, calcium, iron and selenium status of children and adult population in Slavutich and to correct elicited deficiencies].

The article concisely illustrates the vitamin and mineral state of population of town of Slavutich, including personal of Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station, children of pre-school age and pregnancy women, studied in 1992. Vitamins and minerals deficiency in the main of C and B vitamins and selenium was revealed in all the studied groups. Appropriate measures were developed and introduced to eliminate the detected dusturbances; but however some unsolved problems remained. Taking into account the forthcoming 20th anniversary of Chernobyl disarter, the authors of the come back to considering the obtained data in hope to atlract attention of medical scientific and public to the remained unsolved problems of micronutrient deficiency.

[Vitamin metabolism in rats in the early period after a single whole-body gamma irradiation]. / Obmen vitaminov u krys v rannie sroki posle ikh odnokratnogo total'nogo gamma-oblucheniia.

A single whole-body gamma irradiation (4 Gy) of rats with the initial deficiency in vitamins B1 and B2 had no effect on the contents of vitamins C, A, and B1 in the blood plasma, liver, or testicles within 42 h after irradiation. The content of vitamin E remained unchanged in the blood plasma but increased in testicles. The contents of vitamin B2 remained unchanged in erythrocytes and liver, decreased in testicles, and its excretion with urine increased more than twice. The content of reduced glutathione in liver, small intestine mucosa, and erythrocytes decreased.

[Study of the relationship between indicators of provision with vitamins B2 and B6 of children 7-10 years of age with mental retardation]. / Izuchenie vzaimosviazi mezhdu pokazateliami obespechennosti vitaminami B2 i B6 detei 7-10 let s zaderzhkoi psikhicheskogo razvitiia.

Study of the vitamin status of 34 children of both sexes aged 7 to 10, pupils of a school for children with mental retardation in the city of Krasnoyarsk revealed that the values of riboflavin and 4-pyridoxic acid excretion per g of creatinine, which are in good correlation with the content of the respective vitamins in the blood, reflect the saturation with these nutrients and may be used for assessing vitamin supply. Excretion of at least 200 mg of riboflavin per g of creatinine corresponds to normal provision of a child with this vitamin.

[The criteria for the vitamin B2 and B6 allowances of children suffering from celiac disease]. / Kriterii obespechennosti vitaminami B2 i B6 detei, stradaiushchikh tseliakiei.

The relationship between the blood concentrations of vitamins B2 and B6 and excretion of their metabolites with the urine were studied in 34 children of both sexes aged 7 to 10 suffering from celiac disease. The study revealed that the criteria of adequate supply of these vitamins in the patients and healthy age-matched children differ. Riboflavin concentration of at least 90 ng/ml in red cells, at least 15 ng/ml in the blood plasma, and urinary excretion of at least 7 micrograms/h should be accepted as the criteria of this vitamin sufficiency in the organism. For vitamin B6 these values are 13 ng/ml pyridoxal phosphate in the blood plasma and urinary excretion of at least 47 micrograms/h of 4-pyridoxic acid.

[Comparison of metabolism of water-soluble vitamins in healthy children and in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus depending upon the level of vitamins in the diet]. / Sravnenie obmena vodorastvorimykh vitaminov u zdorovykh i stradaiushchikh insulinzavisimym sakharnym diabetom detei v zavisimosti ot soderzhaniia vitaminov v ratsione.

Metabolism of vitamins C, B2, B6 and niacin in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was distinctly different from that of healthy persons of the same age as shown by studies of the correlation between content of vitamins or their coenzyme forms in blood, excretion of the vitamins with urine and content of the vitamins in a diet. These data corroborated once again that in estimation of the vitamins consumption suitable for ill children, the criteria of healthy children requirements for vitamins should not be taken into consideration. Dissimilar metabolism in healthy and impaired persons may also demonstrate some differences in consumption of these vitamins. Preliminary data showed that requirements of the impaired children for vitamin C were slightly increased, for vitamin B2--similar or slightly decreased as compared with healthy children. These results suggest that additional investigations are required for evaluation of vitamins consumption in children with diabetes mellitus of the I type.

[Carotenoids in the blood serum of the population of Noril'sk]. / Karotinoidy v syvorotke krovi naseleniia Noril'ska.

Composition of carotenoids and its variability were studied in blood serum of different groups of Norisk's population by the method of HPLC in winter 1993. It was shown that prevalence carotenoids in serum of men are licopen and lutein, in serum of women are lutein, licopen and beta-carotene, in serum of children are lutein, criptoxantine, licopen and beta-carotene. Total level of carotenoids in men by 1.7 times lower than in women and by 1.4 times lower than in children. The level of individual carotenoids is decreased in different manners at decreasing of total carotenoids. Minimal levels of carotenoids are near the same in serum of different groups of population.

[Study of bioavailability of different forms of synthetic beta-carotene in volunteers]. / Izuchenie biodostupnosti razlichnykh form sinteticheskogo beta-karotina na dobrovol'tsakh.

The concentration of beta-carotene analyzed in blood serum of 30 healthy men and women aged 17-50 years by the method of HPLC in May-June 1990 was in range 3.3-29.5 and in average 12.0 +/- 1.2 micrograms/100 ml. Concentration of carotene determined by Bessay's spectrophotometric method as sum of carotenoids composed 58.0-215.0 and in average 120.5 +/- 7.5 micrograms/100 ml. This level of carotenoids is higher by 10 times than level of beta-carotene detected by HPLC. But the levels of carotenes in blood serum detected by two methods are in positive correlation (r = 0.8). Single intake by volunteers 25 mg of synthetic beta-carotene in three different forms (as cyclodextrin derivation, or 30% microcrystalic suspension in vegetable oil, or 10% water-soluble form produced by Hoffman-La Roche company) caused increasing of beta-carotene concentration in serum with maximum within 24-48 hours. Bioavailability of cyclodextrin derivation of beta-carotene, determined by absolute increasing of beta-carotene concentration in serum, was lowest than that of other forms. Bioavailability of beta-carotene as 30% microcrystalic suspension in vegetable oil or 10% water-soluble form was practically the same. Intake of beta-carotene did not effect on level of retinol in serum which was in normal range.

[The effect of vitamin- and beta-carotene-enriched products on the vitamin A allowance and the concentration of different carotenoids of the blood serum in victims of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station]. / Vliianie produktov, obogashchennykh vitaminani i beta-karotinom, na obespechennost' vitaminom A i kontsentratsiiu razlichnykh karotinoidov v syvorotke krovi lits, postradavshikh ot avarii na ChAES.

The results of clinical trials of efficiency of foods enriched by vitamins and beta-carotene in people suffered from Chernobyl's accident are presented. The level of beta-carotene in clinical diets was the same during trial. Daily consumption of enriched food supplying ingestion of 4-5 mg of beta-carotene increased the level of beta-carotene in serum by 2-4 times. The concentration of total carotenoides in serum was increased by 1.6 times practically at the expense of beta-carotene.

[Bioavailability and pharmacodynamics of various forms of synthetic beta-carotene in volunteers]. / Izuchenie biodostupnosti i farmakodinamiki razlichnykh form sinteticheskogo beta-karotina na dobrovol'tsakh.

The biological availability of artificial beta-carotene as a water-soluble versus oily formulation based on cyclodextrin (Cyclocar tablets) was studied on volunteers given a single dose of 25 mg. The concentrations of beta-carotene and major carotenoids were measured in the blood serum during the experiment by high performance liquid chromatography. The maximum content of beta-carotene in the serum was attained 24-30 and 30-48 hrs after oily formulations and Cyclocar and were 48.0 +/- 7.7 and 28.1 +/- 3.6 mg/dl, respectively. The rate of beta-carotene utilization from Cyclocar was 2.2 times less than that from the oil paste. Besides, beta-carotene absorbed from these oily drugs retained in the blood serum for longer period than that form Cyclocar.

[Features of B group vitamin metabolism and criteria for providing them to children suffering from celiac disease]. / Osoobennosti obmena vitaminov gruppy B i kriterii obespechennosti imi detei, stradaiushchikh tseliakiei.

The investigation into the relationship between the concentration of vitamins B, the blood activity of vitamin B-dependent enzymes and the urinary excretion of their metabolites in 14 children of both sexes whose age was 4.5-10 years and who suffered from celiac disease has characterized their metabolic features. The criteria for vitamin B1 provision of these children differ from those in healthy children of the same age: the normal value of TDP effects is achieved with higher thiamine excretion which is more than 12 micrograms/h. Apparently, the plasma concentration of riboflavin greater than 14 ng/ml and its urinary excretion 6 micrograms/h should be taken as a criterion for normal vitamin B2 provision. Though due to a small proportion of the examined children, criteria for vitamin B6 and nicotinic acid could not be defined. The excretion of 4-pyridoxylic acid in the whole concentration ranges of pyridoxylic coenzymes in the plasma of sick children was essentially lower than that in healthy persons.

[Effects of riboflavin administration on vitamin B6 metabolism]. / Vliianie obespechennosti riboflavinom na metabolizm vitamina B6.

It is shown that B2 vitamin-deficient subjects have reduced urinary excretion of 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA) compared to normal subjects. Correlation between the total of the pyridoxal coenzymes in human plasma and 4-PA urinary excretion takes place only under adequate intake of riboflavin. The conditions under which measurements of 4-PA excretion and plasma levels of pyridoxal and pyridoxal phosphate can be used as indicators of B6-vitamin sufficiency are discussed.

[The use of preparations of methazid combined with riboflavin and pyridoxine for the correction of methazid-induced metabolic disorders of the B-group vitamins in rats]. / Ispol'zovanie kombinirovannykh preparatov metazida s riboflavinom i piridoksinom dlia korrektsii metazidindutsiruemykh narushenii obmena vitaminov gruppy B u krys.

It was established that 10-day administration of suppository methazide (20 mg per 100 g b. w.) induces B2 vitamin deficiency indicated by relevant hepatic and plasmic values. In vitamin B2 deficiency methazide-induced changes in vitamin B6 metabolism are less marked in rats provided with riboflavin. Use of suppository methazide in combination with riboflavin (100 micrograms per animal which is a recommended daily dose) prevents B2 deficiency. It is recommended daily use combinations of methazide with riboflavin or piridoxin in essential daily consumption doses to treat patients with alimentary vitamin B2 and B6 deficiencies. This will not only prevent side effects of methazide, but also help to overcome deficiency of the above vitamins.

[The effect of administration of beta-carotene in an oil solution on its blood serum level and antioxidant status of patients with duodenal ulcer and erosive gastritis]. / Vliianie prema maslianogo rastvora beta-karotina na ego uroven' v syvorotke krovi i antioksidantnyi status bol'nykh iazvoi dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki i érozivnym gastritom.

Adequately good consumption of beta-carotene was observed in patients with duodenal ulcer and erosive gastritis after daily treatment with 18 mg of the carotinoid used as 0.1% oil solution: concentration of beta-carotene was increased approximately 3-fold in blood serum of these patients. Concentration of retinol was not increased in blood serum after treatment with beta-carotene, thus indicating that the drug treatment was not dangerous. Treatment with beta-carotene led to improvement in the state of the antioxidative system of these patients as resistance of erythrocytes to peroxide hydrolysis was increased while content of malonic dialdehyde was decreased in blood serum. The carotene treatment contributed to arresting pain syndrome in patients with ulcers, to cicatrization of ulcers and to disappearance of gastric mucosal membrane erosion.

[Distribution of beta-carotene in the rat upon its intraperitoneal administration in water soluble and oil forms]. / Raspredelenie beta-karotina v organizme krys pri ego vnutribriushinnom vvedenii v vide vodorastvorimoi i maslianoi form.

Accumulation and excretion of beta-carotene in rat liver tissue were studied when the carotinoid was intraperitoneally administered as olive oil as suspension and a water liposomal suspension. Single injection of the liposomal form of beta-carotene caused an increase in its content in liver tissue. If beta-carotene was administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg its maximal content 44 mg/g of the tissue was observed within one day, and at a dose of 50 mg/kg, its maximal content constituted 178 mg/g within two days. Administration of beta-carotene as an oil suspension at a dose of 50 mg/kg led to a considerably slight accumulation in rat liver tissue with the maximal value of 12 mg/kg of the tissue within two days. Possible use of beta-carotene various forms, as well as experimental models for study their biological activity are discussed.

[The provision of vitamins to school children in rural regions of Lithuania]. / Obespechennost' vitaminami shkol'nikov sel'skikh raionov Litvy.

Providing with vitamins of schoolchildren was studied in some regions of Lithuania during the winter-spring period. The biochemical blood count has revealed insufficient providing of schoolchildren with ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, vitamins B1, B2 and B6. Decreased levels of ascorbic acid in urine, as well as micro-symptoms of hypovitaminosis (ascorbic acid, thiamine and riboflavine deficiencies) have been recorded.