[Mice myometrial contractility in conditions of mitochondrial functional changes].

It has been investigated the temporal amplitude features of mice myometrium in conditions of action mitochondrial carriers inhibitor, the mitochondrial pore activator, calcium uniporters inhibitor. For the first time it is established that the functional condition of myometrium depends on a mitochondrial carriers functioning; the mitochondrial carrier is NO-dependent itself (on arginaze way of its formation); the carrier functions depending on mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrion nonspecific conductivity (mitochondrial pores).

[Regulation of oocyte meiotic resumption in mammals].

Currently, the molecular mechanisms involved in induction of oocyte meiotic resumption in the pre-ovulatory follicle which may include (involve) the elimination of meiosis inhibiting factors and/or the accumulation or activation of oocyte maturation signals are actively studied. The present review summarizes the existing literature data regarding the participation of cyclic monophosphates (cAMP and cGMP), protein kinases (mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), AI, AII, B, C, G), epidermal-growth factors (EGF), EGF-like factors, mRNA EGF and EGF-like factors, ovarian steroid hormones and sterols, as well as transcription factors NF-kappaB and CREB (cAMP response element binding protein) in the regulation of mammalian oocyte meiotic resumption. Such scheme of regulation of oocyte meiotic resumption is discussed (considered): the action ofgonadotrophins, FSH and LH, causes increase the production ofcAMP and subsequent activation of MAPK. cGMP (during follicular growth) can prevent untimely oocyte meiotic resumption up to ovulation (after LH surge, after increase in LH). FSH- and the LH -induced system of EGF, steroids and sterols are involved in MAPK activation. Whereas different FSH and LH effects on NO production in ovary are involved in the regulation of induction of oocyte meiotic resumption in mammals. The further research is needed to better understand the new important mechanisms that regulate difficult aspects of oocyte meiotic maturation in mammals.

[Autoimmune mechanisms of ovarian pathology].

The data about premature ovarian failure and autoimmune oophoritis are collected and analysed in the review. The data about experimental models of ovarian autoimmunity: autoimmune ovarian dysgenenesis, murine experimental autoimmune oophoritis, experimental immune ovarian failure are collected and analysed in the review of the literature.

[Production of immunoregulatory cytokines in autoimimune damage of the ovaries in mammals].

Several ovarian disorders in women are associated with autoimmune factors. In this study it was investigated a level of cytokines--TNF-alpha and IFNs in ovarian homogenate and blood serum at ovarian autoimmune damage of mammals. Experimental immune ovarian failure was induced in CBA mice by either immunization with allogenic ovarian extracts or administration of xenogenic anti-ovarian antibodies. Both models were accompanied with abnormalities in production of immunoregulatory cytokines. These data confirm the importance of definition of proinflammatory cytokine level for disclosing immune mechanisms which lay in a pathogenesis autoimmune ovarian diseases of female reproductive organs.

[Cytokines and their role in reproductive system].

In this review we analyze the involvement of cytokines in regulation of ovarian function. A growing body of evidence suggests that the ovary is a site of inflammatory reactions. Immune-competent cells present within the ovary may constitute potential in-situ modulators of ovarian function that act through local secretion of regulatory soluble factors cytokines. In addition many over cell in the ovary also produce cytokines independently of the presence of leukocytes, thus ovaries are sites of cytokine action and production. There are many evidences that cytokines are involved in the ovarian control of follicular development and are surveyed as the important regulators of steroidogenesis and gamete production. It is established that cytokines generally inhibit gonadotropin-stimulated production of steroids. However ovarian steroids, in turn, reduce the cytokine production by immunecompetent cells. There are some data about participation of cytokines in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of granulose cells. Most cytokines appear in mammalian follicles only a short time before ovulation and play the important role in process of ovulation and luteinization. Thus a variety of clinical situations may be due to cytokine action in the gonads, and therapeutic manipulation of the immune system may affect reproductive function. Moreover the findings about the expression of some cytokines by oocytes and their presence in follicular fluid provide further evidence and substantiate the physiologic role for their in ovarian function, and may lead to clinical applications in programs of in vitro fertilization and in diagnosis and treatment of infertility in women, especially in cases attributed to ovarian dysfunction.

[Role of mitochondria in oocytes and embryos].

The review considers such factors as mitochondrial distribution, fine structure, mitochondrial carriers and metabolic activity, as well as polarity of mitochondria and their participation in free intracellular Ca2+ regulation in mammalian oocytes and embryos.

[Effect of the vascular wall tissue on platelet functional activity in rats during water and salt loading].

It was shown in vitro that platelets of rats which were exposed to high-salt diet (3 % NaCl solution) possess the least functional activity, especially after addition of the vascular wall tissue to the incubating medium compared to intact rats, which had water load.

[Effects of antibodies on contractility of papillary muscle in the rat heart and duration of descending phase of action potential plateau under influence of exogenic arachidonic acid and inhibiting its metabolism]. / Diia antytil na skorotlyvu zdatnist' papiliarnoho m'iaza sertsia shchura ta tryvalist' nyzkhidnoï fazy plato potentsialu diï za umov vplyvu ekzohennoï arakhidonovoï kysloty ta blokuvannia ïï metabolizmu.

The effects of both arachidonic acid (AA) and inhibition of its metabolism on the antibody-induced changes in the mechanical contraction and action potentials of the isolated papillary muscles were studied. It has been shown that antibody-dependent induction of AA oxidation led to the initiation of Ca2+ entry through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels of a myocyte. Inhibition of the lipoxygenase way of AA peroxidation prevented Ca2+ overload of cardiomyocytes more than inhibition of the cyclooxygenase way, but less than blocking Ca2+ channels.

[The effect of verapamil on the resumption of meiosis and the formation of the first polar body by mouse oocytes in vitro]. / Vplyv verapamilu na vidnovlennia meiozu ta formuvannia pershoho poliarnoho til'tsia ootsytamy myshei in vitro.

Resumption of the first meiotic division and extrusion of the first polar body from the cumulus enclosed and cumulus-free oocytes isolated from mouse ovaries in diestrus, proestrus, estrus (I and II) were registered in the medium containing various concentration of verapamil. In this study, the competence of the oocytes to resumed the first meiotic division and to extruded the first polar body were dependent from verapamil concentration (in proestrus and estrus I) and from cumulus cell presence.

[Antibodies depress the meiotic oocyte maturation of mice in vitro]. / Antytila prihnichuiut' meiotychne dozrivannia ootsytiv myshei in vitro.

Experiments on mouse of the CBA line have shown that polyclonal antiovarian and specific to oolemma monoclonal antibodies depress meiotic maturation of oocytes in vitro and potentially can be the reason for the female infertility. Changes in electrogenic properties and Ca2+ channels of oolemma are likely to be in the base of the mechanisms of depressing action of antibodies on meiotic maturation.

[The in-vitro resumption of meiotic maturation and of the first polar body by mouse oocytes at different stages of the estrous cycle]. / Vidnovlennia in vitro meiotychnoho dozrivannia ta formuvannia pershoho poliarnoho til'tsia ootsytamy myshei na riznykh stadiakh estral'noho tsyklu.

Resumption of the meiotic maturation and extruded the first polar body of the murine oocytes was registered at 2 and 14 hours under culturing in the medium containing 1.7 mM Ca2+. There were differences between the groups in the percentage of GV oocytes with zona pellucida that acquired competence to undergo germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) at 2 hr time point 22.2% of "small" and 32.4% of "large" follicles of mouse at dioestrus and, respectively, 28.1% and 41.8% follicles of mouse at oestrous underwent GVBD. At 14 time point 21.4% of "small" and 30.3% of "large" follicles of mice at mice at dioestrus and, respectively, 26.1% and 43.6% follicles of mouse at oestrous underwent GVBD and (then) extruded the first polar body (FPB). It may be suggested, that acquisition of competence of the oocytes to resume meiosis in vitro depends on the size of follicles and the stage of murine oestrous cycle. Thus, the largest percentage of GV oocytes resuming meiosis was from "largest" follicles of mouse at oestrous.

[The effect of antibodies on the Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the papillary muscle of the rat heart]. / Vplyv antytil na vykhid Ca2+ iz sarkoplazmatychnoho retikuluma papiliarnoho m'iaza sertsia shchura.

In experiments of skinned with saponin papillary muscles (PM) of the rat's heart we studied the effects of antibodies (AB), which are specific for the sarcoplasmic reticulum's membranes (SPR). AB (1-5 mg protein/ml) have been established to enhance the amplitude of the isometric PM tension. Inhibition of the Ca2+ release from SPR and its previous release prevented the development of the exciting effect of AB. Thus, AB increase the amplitude of PM contraction due to their intracellular mobilizing action.

[The activating effect of antisarcolemmal antibodies on the contractile reactions of the papillary muscles of the rat heart]. / Aktyvuiuchyi efekt antysarkolemal'nykh antytil na skorotlyvi reaktsiï papiliarnykh m'iaziv sertsia shchura.

In experiments on the hyperpermeable papillary muscles (PM), we studied the antimembranous antibodies effects on their contractile responses. It has been found that antibodies enhance the amplitude of isometric contraction. Specific antibodies were suggested to induce the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmatic reticulum in the PM of rats.

[The membrane mechanism of the development of tonic stress in the heart muscle of rats under the action of antimembrane antibodies]. / Do membrannoho mekhanizmu rozvytku tonichnoï napruhy sertsevoho m'iaza shchuriv pry diï antymembrannykh antytil.

Action of antibodies specific to the myocardial sarcolemma of rat on contraction of the isolated cardiac muscle was investigated. It is found that initially antibodies cause stimulation of the cell function (an increase in force or frequency of contractions). Then a slow and progressive inhibition of phasic contractions and development of tonic tension and contracture are observed. Those different effects indicate that antibodies induce an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. The direct measurements have shown that the Na(+)-K(+)-pump activity is depressed by the action of antibodies. Possibly one of the mechanisms of inhibition is lipid peroxidation of the membrane under the influence of antibodies.

[Effect of antibodies specific to sarcolemma of cardiomyocytes in activity of 5-nucleotidase in rats]. / Vplyv antytil, spetsifichnykh do sarkolemy kardiomiotsytiv shchuriv, na aktyvnist 5- nukleotydazy.

Rabbit antibodies specific to sarcolemma of cardiomyocytes have been studied for their effect on activity of 5'-nucleotidase ecto-enzyme of the Wistar rat cardiomyocytes. It is shown that incubation of isolated plasma membranes of cardiomyocytes of rats (100 micrograms of protein) with the gamma-globulin fraction of antisarcolemmal cardial serum (gamma-ASCS, 20 micrograms protein) and with the gamma-globulin fraction of normal rabbit serum (gamma-NRS, 0.20 micrograms protein) promotes a decrease of the enzyme activity. An inhibiting effect was greatly pronounced in incubation with gamma-NRS and did not depend on the dose of antibodies and duration of their action. An assumption is made that inhibiting action of antibodies on activity of ecto-5'-nucleotidase may change adenosine concentration and may be one of elements in the mechanism promoting an increase of the intracellular calcium concentration.

[The action of specific antimembrane antibodies on the tonic tension and contractile phases of the heart muscle in rats]. / Diia spetsyfichnykh antymembrannykh antytil na tonichnu napruhu ta fazni skorochennia sertsevoho m'iaza shchura.

Antibodies specific to rat myocardial sarcolemma inhibit phasic contractions and promote an increase in tonic tension of isolated strips of the cardiac muscle in rat. These results indicate that antibodies induce accumulation of intracellular free Ca2+. Analysis of the authors' data and those from literature suggests that specific antibodies inhibit Na(+)-K(+)-pump activity of the cardiac muscle in rat. This conclusion is confirmed by analogy of effects of ouabaine, the well-known inhibitor of Na(+)-K(+)-pump, on the rat cardiac muscle.

[Effect of specific antibodies on the electrophysiological properties of the oocyte membranes in mice]. / Vpliv spetsifichnikh antitil na elektrofiziologichni vlastivosti membrani ootsitiv mishi.

The influence of polyclonal anti-ovarian and monoclonal antibodies, reacting with cell surface membrane, on the electrical activity of mouse oocytes was studied by the intracellular microelectrode recording. The data obtained suggest that specific antibodies alter permeability and excitability of sexual cells.