[Ultrasonographic diagnosis of tumors of the gallbladder]. / Ul'trazvukovaia diagnostika opukholei zhelchnogo puzyria.

The role of echography in the diagnosis of gallbladder tumors was investigated. Benign tumors (papilloma and adenoma) were diagnosed in 2 patients and carcinoma in 18 subjects. This technique failed to diagnose carcinoma in 2 patients. Two more procedures had false-positive results (in one patient multiple clots in the dramatically enlarged bladder were taken for the tumor while ++post-inflammatory granulation in the other patient was mistaken for the tumor as well). Echographical signs of gallbladder tumors were presented, as were the criteria permitting one to differentiate carcinoma from other pathological formations in the gallbladder (echogenic bile, cholesterol polyps, cholecystitis, adenomyomatosis). High informative value of echographic investigation in the diagnosis of gallbladder tumors was noted.

[Partial separation of sutures of the uterus after cesarean section (diagnosis and treatment tactics)]. / Chastichnoe raskhozhdenie shvov na matke posle kesareva secheniia (diagnostika i taktika lecheniia).

Echography supplemented by hysteroscopy helped detect signs of partial separation of the sutures on the uterus in 12 of 33 patients with grave endometritis following cesarean section. Therapeutic policy in such cases should be based on rational etiotropic antibiotic therapy and active local treatment of the involved focus (surgical treatment of the uterine cavity walls, drainage of the uterus, local multicomponent ointments with a hydrophilic base). The treatment helped preserve the uterus and resulted in complete cure in 11 of the 12 cases.

[Value of early amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis in the first trimester of pregnancy]. / Znachenie rannego amniotsenteza dlia prenatal'noi diagnostiki v I trimestre beremennosti.

For the prenatal diagnosis of the fetal status, amniocentesis was performed in 9-12-week pregnancy in 31 females at risk for birth of a baby with chromosomal abnormalities and congenital malformations of the central nervous system. There were no difficulties in carrying out the procedure. A balanced translocation-bearing female was found to have a fetal chromosomal abnormality. Her pregnancy was interrupted at the 11th week; the prenatal diagnosis was evidenced by cytogenetic examination of the abortion specimen. The amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein estimated by radioimmunoassay ranged from 15-18 to 550-620 ng/ml. The findings suggest that early amniocentesis may be useful in the prenatal diagnosis of the fetal status and further evidence should be accumulated.

[Ultrasonic diagnosis of malformations during the 1st trimester of pregnancy]. / Ul'trazvukovaia diagnostika anomalii razvitiia v I trimestre beremennosti.

Available are the results of ultrasonic investigations for 11 women with embryonal anomalies in the I pregnancy trimester. Echography was demonstrated to detect gross CNS malformations (anencephaly, exencephaly), lymphangiomas, omphalocele, conjoined twins, acardia of amorphic embryo, etc. Transvaginal sensors proved highly informative.

[Artificial late abortion for medical genetic indications]. / Iskusstvennoe preryvanie beremennosti v pozdnie sroki po mediko-geneticheskim pokazaniiam.

Late abortions have been induced for genetic indications in 96 women using intra-amniotic administration of 20% sodium chloride or Enzaprost. The results were compared within this group and with a control group of 90 women whose pregnancies were terminated for other indications at similar dates and with the same agents. The use of 20% sodium chloride was associated with significantly higher blood loss and greater lengths of abortions. Patterns and rates of complications were comparable in both groups. These data suggest a utility of 20% sodium chloride and, especially Enzaprost, in late pregnancy termination for genetic indications.

[Evaluation of diagnostic potential of various methods of chorionic sampling in the first trimester of pregnancy]. / Otsenka vozmozhnostei razlichnykh sposobov polucheniia tkani khoriona v I trimestre beremennosti.

Potentials of the most common chorionic sampling methods have been examined: transcervical biopsy (TCB) (n-65), transcervical aspiration (TCA) (n-63) and transabdominal aspiration (TAA) (n-10). These procedures were done in outpatient settings at 6-12 week's gestation with sonographic guidance using accepted methodologies. TCB and TCA yielded 14.3 mg and 27.5 mg of a sample, respectively. The chorionic sample obtained with TAA was at best 3 mg. The incidence of successful chorionic sampling was 92.4% for TCB, 76.1% for TCA and 80.0% for TAA. Spontaneous abortions occurred after TAA (7.9%) and combined transcervical procedures (10%). These results suggest a potential of TCB and TCA in first-trimester prenatal diagnosis, but TCB has a number of advantages. TAA is a promising technique which, however, requires further sophistication.

[The obstetrical aspects of amniocentesis and chorionic biopsy]. / Nekotorye akusherskie aspekty amniotsenteza i biopsii khoriona.

Threatened abortion, a history of operation or tumor-like masses of the uterus and adnexa were seen in 70 women who underwent amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis. A control group comprised 40 women with similar obstetric risks who refused to have the invasive studies done. Evidence has been obtained to indicate that, with certain provisions, amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling may be employed in situations which are regarded as contraindications.

[The importance of echography and hysteroscopy in the diagnosis and basis of a rational therapy for intrauterine pathology after labor]. / Znachenie ékhografii i gisteroskopii v diagnostike i obosnovanii ratsional'noi terapii vnutrimatochnoi patologii posle rodov.

Echography with hysteroscopy has been employed in 40 mothers with a complicated postpartum period. Ultrasound diagnosis of intrauterine disease is technically simple, noninvasive and efficient in measurement of the uterus and identification of abnormal inclusions in the uterine cavity. Hysteroscopy allows characterization of the abnormal intrauterine inclusions and evaluation of the endometrium. In addition, hysteroscopy enables additional diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. This study resulted in a protocol of postpartum examination of patients using echographic and hysteroscopic diagnostic methods.

[Value of echography in the diagnosis of postoperative complications]. / Znachenie ekhografii v diagnostike posleoperatsionnykh oslozhnenii.

The results of ultrasonic investigation of 54 females with a variety of complications following uterine and adnexal surgery are reviewed. Echograms are presented, and echographic description of intraperitoneal hemorrhages, hematomas at various sites, peritonitis, infiltrations, abscesses, ligature fistulas, pelvic foreign bodies, etc. is made. Echography is shown to be a highly valuable method for the diagnosis of postoperative complications.

[Prenatal diagnosis of several hereditary skin diseases]. / Prenatal'naia diagnostika nekotorykh nasledstvennykh zabolevanii kozhi.

Twenty-two control women and 5 women at risk for delivering a baby with Brocq's ichthyosiform erythroderma or fatal epidermolysis bullosa were investigated in order to make prenatal diagnosis of inherited fetal skin diseases. Fetal skin abnormalities were detected in 3 of the 5 high-risk patients, and their pregnancies were terminated. There was a spontaneous abortion with a normal fetus in 1 case. In one woman, pregnancy progressed to term delivery of a normal girl. Methodologic aspects of obtaining fetal skin samples and the results of their morphologic studies are discussed.