[Evidence-based medicine methods and critical reading of the paper devoted to degenerative lumbar and sacral spinal stenosis (comment to the article)].

The paper provides critical analysis of the article "Correlated analysis of radiologic criteria's referred to central degenerative spinal canal stenosis and intensity of clinical implications". Critical analysis was carried out by the 5-step evidence cycle. First step is supposed to formulate primary goal of the research and identify its type. This investigation belongs to prognostic studying of certain patient's characteristics and their impact on the state of disease and the treatment outcome. According to Oxford evidence based center of medicine gradation, this study is attributed to level IV (clinical series). Analysis performed allowed to state that investigation sampling might be considered as representative, but nonhomogeneous. Absence of blind evaluation of the treatment results could alter treatment outcomes when compared by two different scales. Multifactor analysis was not held in the present study. Analyzed investigation has low methodological level, however, it has no major disadvantages. Statistical significance between various factors and clinical effect can be achieved when study is based upon database analysis of many patients, which however cannot be managed by efforts of a single medical institution. Organizing investigations by registration treatment outcomes with follow up evaluation nationwide could be a problem solution. In particular, vertebrological register might be a very useful tool for development prognostic risk scales and predictive models in degenerative spine disease surgery.

[Effect of mud applications on acetate-induced ulcer in albino rats]. / Vliianie griazevykh applikatsii na sostoianie atsetatnoi iazvy u belykh krys.

The Republic of Kalmykia possesses a great deal of therapeutical peloids awaiting biomedical investigations. Mud formation in Kalmykia is characterized by an intensive accumulation of sulfide salt. Therapeutical peloids form in the Manych Lake region. An experimental murine model of acetate-induced gastric ulcer was used to evaluate the therapeutical efficacy of Manych mud. There was a statistically significant difference in the rate of ulcer healing between the study and control groups.

[The characteristics of the cardiovascular reactions in modelling a state of orthostatic hypotension in waking hypertensive animals]. / Issledovanie osobennostei reaktsii serdechno-sosudistoi sistemy pri modelirovanii sostoianiia ortostaticheskoi gipotonii u bodrstvuiushchikh gipertenzivnykh zhivotnykh.

This study demonstrates the suppression of chronotropic component and activation of vascular component of baroreceptor reflex evoked by v.cava inferior occlusion in the conscious chronically instrumented cats with renal hypertension. Infusion of nitroprusside caused the depression of both components in the normotensive and hypertensive animals. The values of system hemodynamics indices permit considering that new model of orthostatic hypotension is worked out.

[Analysis of the baroreflex activation of the sympathetic system in waking cats induced by urapidil and sodium nitroprusside]. / Analiz baroreflektornoi aktivatsii simpaticheskoi sistemy u bodrstvuiushchikh koshek, vyzvannoi urapidilom i nitroprussidom natriia.

The responses of the sympathetic system to a stepwise decrease of arterial blood pressure by administering sodium nitroprusside or urapidil were studied in experiments on conscious cats with preliminarily implanted transducers and catheters. Adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations in arterial and venous blood plasma were measured by means of a high performance liquid chromatography. It was shown that when nitroprusside was used for lowering blood pressure there occurred reflex activation of the sympathetic system. That is, an elevation of plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations, a rise of noradrenaline release in vessels of the skeletal muscles, an increase of the heart rate. Urapidil when given in equihypotensive doses failed to increase catecholamine concentrations and tachycardia that seems to be related to the central inhibition of the baroreceptor reflex.

[Participation of alpha and beta adrenoreceptors in facilitating and inhibiting the action of the sympathetic nervous system in parasympathetic bradycardia]. / Uchastie al'fa- i beta-adrenoretseptorov v realizatsii oblegchaiushchikh i tormoznykh vliianii simpaticheskoi nervnoi sistemy na parasimpaticheskoe urezhenie serdtsebienii.

Electrical stimulation of the distal vagal cervical end in urethane chloralose anesthetized cats caused bradycardia that could be both enhanced and inhibited during sympathetic activation. Sympathetic activation was induced by electrical stimulation of the sympathetic outflow of the spinal cord at the level of Th 1-Th 3 in pitched cats or by an intravenous injection of tyramine. It has been proved pharmacologically that alpha-adrenoceptors are involved in potentiation. The inhibitory influences are realized via both alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors.

[Role of the hypothalamus in the reflex regulation of cardiac activity]. / Rol' gipotalamusa v reflektornoi reguliatsii deiatel'nosti serdtsa.

A review of literary and own experimental data is given. More adequate method in the study of the hypothalamic heart regulation is the investigation of the hypothalamic influences on the cardiac reflexes. The necessity of the experiments on the unanesthetized unrestrained animals is underlined. The dual modulating hypothalamic influences existing already in fishes having been revealed on the unanesthetized animals. The character of the modulating influence is determinated to a certain extent by the cardiac reflex intensity: small responses are increased, larger ones are reduced. The extension of system regions involved into the reflex response pattern at the increase of the degree of temperature effect of venous blood on heart has been discovered in unanesthetized unrestrained cats.