[An experimental study of the role of prostaglandins in the mechanism of the occurrence of dyspeptic disorders during the primary reaction after body exposure to ionizing radiation at large doses]. / Eksperimental'noe izuchenie roli prostaglandinov v mekhanizme vozniknoveniia dispepticheskikh narushenii v period pervichnoi reaktsii posle vozdeistviia na organizm ioniziruiushchikh izluchenii v bol'shikh dozakh.

The experiments with dogs exposed to 100 Gy of accelerated electrons demonstrated a significant role of prostaglandins in the origin of early post-radiation dyspepsia. Their significance for genesis of post-radiation dyspeptic disturbance caused by exposure to superhigh doses becomes clear-cut when a combination of an antiemetic and inhibitors of prostaglandin biosynthesis is used. A study of the effect of dexamethasone, a blocker of arachidonic acid release, and of voltaren, an inhibitor of prostaglandin formation from cyclic endoperoxide, suggests that it would be appropriate to prevent radiation vomiting and diarrhea by inhibiting both of the above stages in prostaglandin biosynthesis.

[Mechanism of the etiology of dyspeptic disorders during the period of primary reaction after exposure to high-dose ionizing radiation]. / O mekhanizme vozniknoveniia dispepsicheskikh narushenii v period pervichnoi reaktsii posle vozdeistviia na organizm ioniziruiushchikh izluchenii v bol'shikh dozakh.

The experiments with dogs exposed to accelerated electrons at a dose of 100 Gy have confirmed an important role of the central mechanism of early post-radiation dyspepsia which is realized through the excitation of receptors in the mechanism of postradiation gastrointestinal disturbance, alongside biogenic amines, prostaglandins also play a certain role. Studies on the effect of a prostaglandin biosynthesis blocker--dexamethasone, a corticosteroid--on post-radiation dyspepsia provide evidence that investigation of prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibitors with a mechanism different from that of dexamethasone is appropriate.

[Early transient incapacitation of monkeys exposed to high-energy electrons and gamma-irradiation in supralethal doses]. / Ranniaia prekhodiashchaia nedeesposobnost' u obez'ian pri vozdeistvii élektronov vysokikh énergii i gamma-izlucheniia v supraletal'nykh dozakh.

Irradiation of Macaca fascicularis with electrons (24 MeV, 46 and 104 Gy) and gamma-quanta (60Co, 77 and 138 Gy) caused early transient incapacitation (ETI) and severe symptoms of neurological disturbances. Two types of the ETI clinical patterns were distinguished: a dyskinetic type marked by ataxia; and a severer, comatose type manifested by disappearance of voluntary movements, areactivity, and temporary loss of reflexes.

[The electrical activity of the monkey brain in the period of early transient incapacity during gamma-irradiation at high dose rates]. / Elektricheskaia aktivnost' golovnogo mozga obez'ian v period rannei predkhodiashchei nedeesposobnosti pri gamma-obluchenii s vysokoi moshchnost'iu dozy.

Changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) of Macaca fascicularis during early transient incapacitation (ETI) were shown to correlate with the dynamics of clinical manifestations of the damage. Irradiation caused desynchronization of EEG followed by a generalized retardation of its fluctuations reaching the maximum at the height of ETI. EEG disturbances in animals during the comatose phase of ETI indicated a severe inhibition of the brain cortex functional activity.

[Biological effect of 9 GeV protons and the radioprotective effect of ATP and AMP on epithelial cells of the mouse cornea]. / Biologicheskoe deistvie protonov 9 GeV i radiozashchitnoe vliianie ATF i AMF na kletki épiteliia rogovitsy myshei.

The cytogenetic and cytological effects induced in mouse cornea epithelium cells by 9 GeV protons and "standard" radiation have been studied. The RBE coefficients are different at different times of observation. ATP and AMP are shown to produce a protective effect on the frequency of formation of aberrant mitoses. DMF values for protons determined 24 and 72 h following irradiation are 1.8 +/- 0.2 and 1.7 +/- 0.2, respectively.

[Radiation-protective effectiveness of ATP and adenosine against high-energy protons]. / Radiozashchitnaia effektivnost' ATF i adenozina pri vozdeistvi protonov vysokikh energii.

The radioprotective effect of ATP and adenosine was investigated on CBA and C57Bl mice hybrids F1 irradiated with 9 GeV protons. The prophylactic treatment of the animals with ATP at a dose of 350-700 mg/kg increased their survival to 63-80% for LD78-83/30 (7.5-8.0 Gy) and to 40% for LD96/30 (8.5 Gy). The administration of adenosine at a dose of 340 mg/kg, equimolar to 700 mg/kg ATP, increased their survival to 93-100% and 73%, respectively. It was found that ATP produced a favorable effect on the hemopoiesis of irradiated mice.

[Thyroid gland hypofunction and features of musculoskeletal system growth and growth of the body as a whole at an early age]. / Gipofunktsiia shchitovidoi zhelezy i osobennosti rosta skeletno-myshechnoi sistemy i organizma v tselom v rannie vozrastnye periody.

Chronic injection of mercazolyl to rats aged from 5--7 days to 4 months induces a decrease in motor activity, in the relative and total weight of bones and muscles, in oxygen consumption and cardiac activity. It also leads to hypercholesterolemia associated with a decreased cholesterol level in the skeletal muscle tissue. Abnormal growth and development of the muscles and bones along with a diminished oxygen consumption in rats under one month of age produce a reduction in the body weight as compared to that in control animals. In rats aged from 1 to 4 months the same factors lead to the weight increase accounted for by abnormal oxygent consumption and lipid metabolism. The goitrogenic effec was revealed in young rats chronically administered mercazolyl, this effect was not manifested in 4-month-old rats.