Multiple Types Late-Onset Postoperative Retinal Folds following Vitrectomy for Retinal Detachment Repair with Silicone Oil: Morphologic Variability and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Features - A Case Report.

Introduction: Retinal folds (RFs) may develop following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair, though it consists an uncommon complication. Case Presentation: Herein, we present a case of late-onset postoperative outer RFs with aggravating characteristics following vitrectomy with silicone oil (SO) tamponade for RRD repair; early clinical findings, complications, anatomical and functional status during a 12-month follow-up period are described. Retinal imaging by acquiring optical coherence tomography scans and angiograms indicates detailed morphological and angiographic characteristics of the evolution of RFs over time. Our case provides insight into a combination of various types of RFs along with retinal disorganization with appearance in the late postoperative period after RRD repair with SO tamponade. Conclusion: Our aim was to raise awareness of the pathological processes that may be associated with the development and evolution of RFs after successful RRD repair, indicating that it is critical to accurately diagnose the type of RFs and closely monitor their progression in an attempt to provide prognostication for future visual outcomes.

Early recurrence of macular schisis in X-linked retinoschisis treated with vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment under silicone oil: case report and brief literature review.

X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) is an inherited retinal degeneration affecting males, characterized by splitting of the retinal layers. We herein present the outcomes of surgical treatment in a case of XLRS complicated by rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). A 22-year-old male presented to the emergency department due to decreased visual acuity and visual field defect in his left eye Oculus Sinister (OS) of 1 week duration. The patient reported an early onset retinal degeneration and decreased visual acuity in both eyes since childhood in his past ocular history. Upon presentation, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 6/30 on the right eye Oculus Dexter (OD) and 6/120 OS. Fundus examination revealed areas of peripheral retinal schisis, and the characteristic spoke wheel pattern on the macula of both eyes. In OS, a temporal RRD involving the macula was identified. The patient underwent surgical treatment with pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, endolaser, and silicone oil (SO) tamponade. BCVA in OS improved to 6/60 and schistic cavities resolution was observed in the immediate postoperative period. The patient's BCVA further improved to 6/19 at 1 month, as foveal anatomy showed relative improvement. However, there was a rapid reappearance of schisis spaces in the macular area at this point, which was also followed by progressive deterioration of foveal schisis by 3 months post-operatively. The resorption and recurrence of lamellar macular schisis changes after ILM peel and presence of SO, highlights that although XLRS findings can temporarily improve upon surgical intervention, the pathogenetic mechanisms contributing to disease phenotype remain to be elucidated.

Macular Edema Following Silicone Oil Tamponade for Retinal Detachment: A Literature Review.

Macular edema (ME) is a major cause of reduced vision following intraocular surgery. Although the pathophysiology of ME is not completely understood, inflammatory mediators play a key role. The incidence of ME following pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade varies between 13% and 27%. ME usually resolves spontaneously following silicone oil removal, but treatment may be required for resistant cases. In this review, the mechanisms of ME formation after pars plana vitrectomy, its incidence, and its possible therapeutic approaches are discussed.